silvering

sil·ver

S0410000 (sĭl′vər)n.1. Symbol Ag A lustrous white, ductile, malleable metallic element, occurring both uncombined and in ores such as argentite, having the highest thermal and electrical conductivity of the metals. It is highly valued for jewelry, tableware, and other ornamental use and is widely used in coinage, photography, dental and soldering alloys, electrical contacts, and printed circuits. Atomic number 47; atomic weight 107.868; melting point 961.78°C; boiling point 2,162°C; specific gravity 10.50 (20°C); valence 1, 2. See Periodic Table.2. This metallic element as a commodity or medium of exchange.3. Coins made of this metallic element.4. A medal made of silver awarded to one placing second in a competition, as in the Olympics.5. a. Domestic articles, such as tableware, made of or plated with silver.b. Tableware, especially eating and serving utensils, made of steel or another metal.6. A lustrous medium gray.7. A silver salt, especially silver nitrate, used to sensitize paper.adj.1. Made of or containing silver: a silver bowl; silver ore.2. Resembling silver, especially in having a lustrous shine; silvery.3. Of a lustrous medium gray: silver hair.4. Having a soft, clear, resonant sound.5. Eloquent; persuasive: a silver voice.6. Favoring the adoption of silver as a standard of currency: the silver plank of the 1896 Democratic platform.7. Of or constituting a 25th anniversary.v. sil·vered, sil·ver·ing, sil·vers v.tr.1. To cover, plate, or adorn with silver or a similar lustrous substance.2. To give a silver color to.3. To coat (photographic paper) with a film of silver nitrate or other silver salt.v.intr. To become silvery.

[Middle English, from Old English siolfor, seolfor, probably ultimately from Akkadian ṣarpu, refined silver, verbal adj. of ṣarāpu, to smelt, refine; see ṣrp in Semitic roots.]

silvering

A process whereby a reflective layer of silver is applied to a mirror base from a solution of silver salts containing reducing agents. Silvering was first used in the 1850s but has been supplanted by the aluminizing process, which provides a reflective layer of greater durability and able to reflect lower wavelengths, i.e. into the ultraviolet.

Silvering

(Russian, serebrenie), the application of a coating of silver to an object. Such coatings usually range from a fraction of a micron to 30 microns in thickness. Silver coatings are used for decorative purposes and to provide protection against corrosion in aggressive media, to increase electrical conductivity, reflectivity, or antifriction properties, and to decrease contact resistance. A coating of silver may also be used as a base for the deposition of other noble metals.

The most important method of applying silver coatings is electroplating in cyanide plating solutions, which ensure a high quality of coating (seeELECTROPLATING TECHNOLOGY). Non-cyanide electrolytes in the form of other complex silver salts are rarely used. Silver coatings are applied by cladding in the manufacture of bimetallic sheets, pipes, wire, and blanks for contacts. In the case of nonmetallic articles, such as plastic or glass products, the coatings are generally applied by chemical means, the condensation of silver vapor in a vacuum, or cathode sputtering. The chemical method involves the reduction of silver from aqueous solutions of silver salts by reducing agents, such as glucose, tartrates, and formaldehyde. For ceramics and glass, the silver is burned in by reduction from salts at high temperatures.

The thickness chosen for a silver coating depends on the conditions under which the article will be used and on the techniques employed to apply the coating. Food-industry equipment, tableware, and dishes are sometimes coated with silver, as are the working surfaces of mirrors, projectors, and motor vehicle headlights. Silver coatings are also used, for example, in the manufacture of steel-backed ball bearings.

REFERENCES

Iampol’skii, A. M., and V. A. Il’in. Kratkii spravochnik gal’vano-tekhnika. Moscow-Leningrad, 1962.
Fedot’ev, N. P., V. A. Il’in, and I. N. Chernozatonskaia. Elektro-osazhdenie serebra iz rastvorov netsianistykh kompleksnykh solei. Leningrad, 1962.
[Bondarev, V. V.] Novoe v. nanesenii gal’vanopokrytii blagorodnykh melallov. Moscow, 1970.
Lainer, V. I. Zashchitnye pokrytiia melallov. Moscow, 1974.

V. V. BONDAREV

单词	silvering
释义	silvering sil·ver S0410000 (sĭl′vər)n.1. Symbol Ag A lustrous white, ductile, malleable metallic element, occurring both uncombined and in ores such as argentite, having the highest thermal and electrical conductivity of the metals. It is highly valued for jewelry, tableware, and other ornamental use and is widely used in coinage, photography, dental and soldering alloys, electrical contacts, and printed circuits. Atomic number 47; atomic weight 107.868; melting point 961.78°C; boiling point 2,162°C; specific gravity 10.50 (20°C); valence 1, 2. See Periodic Table.2. This metallic element as a commodity or medium of exchange.3. Coins made of this metallic element.4. A medal made of silver awarded to one placing second in a competition, as in the Olympics.5. a. Domestic articles, such as tableware, made of or plated with silver.b. Tableware, especially eating and serving utensils, made of steel or another metal.6. A lustrous medium gray.7. A silver salt, especially silver nitrate, used to sensitize paper.adj.1. Made of or containing silver: a silver bowl; silver ore.2. Resembling silver, especially in having a lustrous shine; silvery.3. Of a lustrous medium gray: silver hair.4. Having a soft, clear, resonant sound.5. Eloquent; persuasive: a silver voice.6. Favoring the adoption of silver as a standard of currency: the silver plank of the 1896 Democratic platform.7. Of or constituting a 25th anniversary.v. sil·vered, sil·ver·ing, sil·vers v.tr.1. To cover, plate, or adorn with silver or a similar lustrous substance.2. To give a silver color to.3. To coat (photographic paper) with a film of silver nitrate or other silver salt.v.intr. To become silvery. [Middle English, from Old English siolfor, seolfor, probably ultimately from Akkadian ṣarpu, refined silver, verbal adj. of ṣarāpu, to smelt, refine; see ṣrp in Semitic roots.] IdiomsSeesilver silvering silvering A process whereby a reflective layer of silver is applied to a mirror base from a solution of silver salts containing reducing agents. Silvering was first used in the 1850s but has been supplanted by the aluminizing process, which provides a reflective layer of greater durability and able to reflect lower wavelengths, i.e. into the ultraviolet. Silvering (Russian, serebrenie), the application of a coating of silver to an object. Such coatings usually range from a fraction of a micron to 30 microns in thickness. Silver coatings are used for decorative purposes and to provide protection against corrosion in aggressive media, to increase electrical conductivity, reflectivity, or antifriction properties, and to decrease contact resistance. A coating of silver may also be used as a base for the deposition of other noble metals. The most important method of applying silver coatings is electroplating in cyanide plating solutions, which ensure a high quality of coating (seeELECTROPLATING TECHNOLOGY). Non-cyanide electrolytes in the form of other complex silver salts are rarely used. Silver coatings are applied by cladding in the manufacture of bimetallic sheets, pipes, wire, and blanks for contacts. In the case of nonmetallic articles, such as plastic or glass products, the coatings are generally applied by chemical means, the condensation of silver vapor in a vacuum, or cathode sputtering. The chemical method involves the reduction of silver from aqueous solutions of silver salts by reducing agents, such as glucose, tartrates, and formaldehyde. For ceramics and glass, the silver is burned in by reduction from salts at high temperatures. The thickness chosen for a silver coating depends on the conditions under which the article will be used and on the techniques employed to apply the coating. Food-industry equipment, tableware, and dishes are sometimes coated with silver, as are the working surfaces of mirrors, projectors, and motor vehicle headlights. Silver coatings are also used, for example, in the manufacture of steel-backed ball bearings. REFERENCES Iampol’skii, A. M., and V. A. Il’in. Kratkii spravochnik gal’vano-tekhnika. Moscow-Leningrad, 1962. Fedot’ev, N. P., V. A. Il’in, and I. N. Chernozatonskaia. Elektro-osazhdenie serebra iz rastvorov netsianistykh kompleksnykh solei. Leningrad, 1962. [Bondarev, V. V.] Novoe v. nanesenii gal’vanopokrytii blagorodnykh melallov. Moscow, 1970. Lainer, V. I. Zashchitnye pokrytiia melallov. Moscow, 1974. V. V. BONDAREV FinancialSeeSilver
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