Tukhachevsky, Mikhail Nikolayevich

Tukhachevsky or Toukhachevski, Mikhail Nikolayevich

(both: mēkhəyēl` nyĭkəlī`əvĭch to͞okhəchĕf`skē), 1893–1937, Soviet marshal. An officer in the czarist army from 1914, he joined (1918) the Bolshevik party after the Russian Revolution and held important commands in the civil war of 1918–20 and the Russo-Polish war of 1920. Tukhachevsky was instrumental in suppressing the Kronstadt rebellion (1921) against Bolshevik rule, and he led the modernization and mechanization of the Red Army (1935–36). In the purges instituted by StalinStalin, Joseph Vissarionovich
, 1879–1953, Soviet Communist leader and head of the USSR from the death of V. I. Lenin (1924) until his own death, b. Gori, Georgia.
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 in the 1930s he and seven other generals were charged with treason, tried in secret, and executed. His reputation was restored by Premier KhrushchevKhrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich
, 1894–1971, Soviet Communist leader, premier of the USSR (1958–64), and first secretary of the Communist party of the Soviet Union (1953–64).
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 in 1958.