a detachable joint, formed by means of a union, that is used to connect the parts of a piping system to various tanks or machines. Besides a union, a union joint consists of a gasket, a locknut, and a reducer, such as an elbow or a coupling (Figure 1). The pipe to be connected is screwed into the reducer.
Figure 1. Union joints: (a) with an elbow, (b) with a coupling; (1) union, (2) gasket, (3) locknut, (4) elbow, (5) coupling
When the locknut is loosened, the reducer, together with the pipe screwed into it, may be turned relative to the axis of the union. A rigid, airtight joint is obtained by tightening the locknut.