| 单词 | versailles | ||||||
| 释义 | VersaillesVer·saillesV0069200 (vər-sī′, vĕr-)Versailles(vɛəˈsaɪ; -ˈseɪlz; French vɛrsɑj)Ver•sailles(vɛrˈsaɪ, vər-)n.
VersaillesVersailles(vərsī`, Fr. vĕrsī`), city (1990 pop. 91,029), capital of Yvelines dept., N central France. It was an insignificant rural hamlet when Louis XIIILouis XIII,1601–43, king of France (1610–43). He succeeded his father, Henry IV, under the regency of his mother, Marie de' Medici. He married Anne of Austria in 1615. ..... Click the link for more information. constructed a small retreat there in 1623. The village was soon made famous by Louis XIVLouis XIV, 1638–1715, king of France (1643–1715), son and successor of King Louis XIII. Early Reign After his father's death his mother, Anne of Austria, was regent for Louis, but the real power was wielded by Anne's adviser, Cardinal Mazarin. ..... Click the link for more information. , who expanded his father's work and built (mid-17th cent.) the palace and grounds that have become synonymous with the name Versailles. The growth of the town began in 1682, when Louis moved his court there. The huge structure, representing French classical style at its height, was the work of Louis Le VauLe Vau, Louis , 1612–70, French architect, involved in most of the important building projects for Louis XIV. He settled on the Île Saint-Louis, where he built his own house and the Hôtels Lambert and Lauzun. ..... Click the link for more information. , J. H. MansartMansart or Mansard, Jules Hardouin , 1646–1708, French architect. He studied under his great-uncle François Mansart and under Libéral Bruant. ..... Click the link for more information. , and Charles Le BrunLe Brun, Charles , 1619–90, French painter, decorator, and architect. He studied with Vouet and in Rome. Strongly influenced by Poussin, he returned in 1646 to Paris, where he gradually developed a more decorative form of classicism. ..... Click the link for more information. . André Le NôtreLe Nôtre, André , 1613–1700, the most famous landscape architect in French history, b. near the Tuileries; studied drawing with Simon Vouet at the Louvre. ..... Click the link for more information. laid out the park and gardens, which are decorated with fountains, reservoirs, and sculptures by such artists as Antoine CoysevoxCoysevox, Antoine , 1640–1720, French sculptor. He enjoyed the patronage of Louis XIV and produced a great part of the sculpture at Versailles. His Winged Horses, ..... Click the link for more information. . A huge machine was built at Marly-le-RoiMarly-le-Roi , town (1990 pop. 16,775), Yvelines dept., N France, on the Seine River near Versailles. Nearby is the hamlet of Marly-la-Machine, where in 1682 a huge hydraulic engine, the machine de Marly, was built to supply the fountains of Versailles. ..... Click the link for more information. to supply water for the fountains. The park contains two smaller palaces, the Grand TrianonTrianon , two small châteaux in the park of Versailles, Seine-et-Oise dept., N France. The Grand Trianon was built by J. H. Mansart in 1687 for Louis XIV; Napoleon I sometimes used it as a retreat. The Petit Trianon was built in 1762 by J. A. Gabriel for Louis XV. ..... Click the link for more information. and the Petit Trianon, as well as numerous temples, grottoes, and other decorative structures. The scene of the beginnings of the French Revolution, Versailles never again became a royal residence (the TuileriesTuileries BibliographySee T. Spawforth, Versailles: A Biography of a Palace (2008). Versaillesa city in France, a southwestern suburb of Paris, administrative center of the department of Yvelines. Population, 90,800 (1968). Versailles became internationally famous because of its remarkable monuments of architecture and fine arts as well as the historical events that took place there. Up to 1632, when it was acquired by Louis XIII, Versailles was a small hamlet. From 1682, under Louis XIV, until 1789, it was the chief residence of the French kings. The majestic palace and park ensemble of Versailles was developed in the 17th and 18th centuries. Beginning with a small hunting palace of Louis XIII built by the architect P. Le Roy in 1624, it was transformed through several construction periods (1661-68, architect L. Le Vau; 1670-74, architect F. d’Orbay; 1678-89, architect J. Hardouin-Mansart) into a park covering an area of more than 6,000 hectares and a vast palace (length of the facade 576.2 m) dominating the surroundings, with luxurious formal and living interiors (artist C. Le Brun, beginning 1661, and others). Three roads, to Paris and to the royal palaces of Saint-Cloud and Sceaux, fanned out from the palace; they formed the basis for planning the city of Versailles, where the aristocracy settled. The point of convergence of these roads in the Cour d’Honneur (entrance court) is marked by an equestrian statue of Louis XIV, executed in the second half of the 19th century by the sculptor L. M. L. Petitot. The middle road is continued on the other side of the palace by a spectacular avenue with the Leta (Latona) and Apollo basins and the Grand Canal (1,520 m long), forming the symmetry axis of a regular network of straight alleys in the huge formal gardens (1660’s, architect A. Lenôtre) with festive pavilions, fountains, and works of sculpture (by Girardon, Coyzevox, and others). To the north of the Grand Canal are two palaces: the Grand Trianon, built by the architect Hardouin-Mansart in 1687, and the Petit Trianon, built by the architect J. A. Gabriel in 1762-64. Adjoining the latter is a picturesque landscaped park (1774, architect A. Richard) with Marie Antoinette’s Hameau (a “hut,” a flour mill, and a dairy farm; 1782-86, architect R. Mique and artist H. Robert). The Versailles ensemble, where the spatial sweep of the baroque is combined with the rationalist construction typical of classicism, had a definite influence on the development of the art of city and park construction in many European countries. In 1830 the Versailles ensemble was made the National Museum of Versailles and Trianon. The Peace Treaty of Versailles of 1783 was signed in Versailles. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 Versailles was occupied by the Prussian Army from September 1870 to March 1871. On Jan. 18, 1871, the German emperor William I was crowned in Versailles. During the Paris Commune of 1871, Versailles, which was then the seat of the National Assembly and of A. Thiers’ government, became the center of the counterrevolution. After World War I the Peace Treaty of Versailles of 1919 was signed in Versailles on June 28, 1919. The city, which was occupied by the German fascist troops during World War II (since 1940), was liberated by French partisans in August 1944. REFERENCESAlpatov, M. Arkhitektura ansablia Versalia. Moscow, 1940.Verlet, P. Versailles. Paris [1961]. Decaux, A. La belle Histoire de Versailles: Trois siècles d’histoire de France. Paris, 1962. Levron, J. Versailles, ville royale. Paris, 1964. VersaillesVersaillesVersailles
Synonyms for Versailles
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Versailles - a city in north central France near Paris; site of the Palace of Versailles that was built by Louis XIV in the 17th century
Versailles - a palace built in the 17th century for Louis XIV southwest of Paris near the city of Versailles