| 单词 | value-added tax | |||
| 释义 | value-added taxenUSvalue-added taxvalue-added taxval′ue-add′ed tax`n. value-added tax- A tax levied on the difference between a commodity's price before taxes and its cost of production.
value(ˈvӕljuː) nounvalue-added tax→ 增值税zhCNvalue-added taxenUSvalue-added tax(VAT), levy imposed on business at all levels of the manufacture and production of a good or service and based on the increase in price, or value, provided by each level. Because the consumer ultimately pays a higher price for the taxed commodity, a VAT is essentially a hidden sales tax. Originally introduced in France (1954), it is now a major part of the tax structure of most Western European nations. In the early 1990s the U.S. government considered instituting a VAT to fund national health care programs.value-added taxenUSValue-added taxValue-Added Taxvalue-added tax (VAT)value-added tax (VAT)an INDIRECT TAX imposed by the government on the VALUE ADDED to a good or service. Governments use value-added taxes both as a means of raising revenue (see BUDGET) and as an instrument of FISCAL POLICY.A value-added tax is based on the difference between the value of the OUTPUT over the value of the INPUTS used to produce that output. The final amount of tax is added on to the selling PRICE of the product and is paid by the buyer. The ‘mechanics’ of a value-added tax may be illustrated as follows: producer Y sells his output for £10 per unit having spent £8 on inputs. Thus, value added is £2 per unit. If VAT is set at 10%, the selling price of the product is £11 with £1 being the amount of tax paid by the final buyer. Producer Y would then set off against the £1 VAT-output tax collected from the final buyer the 80p VAT-input tax which he has already paid on his £8 of inputs bought, and remit the difference of 20p to the CUSTOMS AND EXCISE. In the same way. supplier X (who has supplied producer Y with his input for £8 per unit) will have collected 80p VAT-output tax from producer Y, against which he will offset any VAT-input tax which he paid on his inputs, and remit the difference to the Customs and Excise. The total of all these sums remitted by firms X, Y etc. to the Customs and Excise will equal the £1 charged on the final sale to the customer. VAT rates may be applied uniformly at a single rate across the board, or, as in the UK, applied on a discretionary basis. In the UK (as at 2005) there are two VAT rates (a) zero (for example, many food and drink products, books and newspapers, children's shoes); (b) a standard rate of 17.5% on all non zero-rated products and services. VAT is a cumbersome tax system to operate, involving as it does thousands of ‘tax points’ and related paperwork. It does, however, require all the firms contributing to a taxed product to be involved in the tax collection operation, not just final sellers. value-added tax (VAT)an INDIRECT TAX levied by the government on the VALUE ADDED to a good or service. The tax is based on the difference between the value of the output over the value of the inputs used to produce it. The final amount of tax is added on to the selling price of the good and is paid by the buyer. For example, trader B sells output for £100 per unit, the value of his inputs being £80 per unit. Thus, value added is £20 per unit. If VAT is set at 10%, the selling price of the good is £110, with £10 being the amount of tax paid by the final buyer. Trader B would then set off against the £10 VAT output tax that he collected from the final customer the £8 VAT input tax that he paid on his £80 of inputs bought and remit the difference of £2 to the government. In the same way, trader A (who supplied trader B with his input for £80 per unit) would have collected £8 VAT-output tax from trader B, against which he will offset any VAT-input tax that he paid on his inputs and remit the difference to the government. The total of all these sums remitted by traders A, B, etc., to the government will equal the £10 charged on the final sale to the customer.In the UK, some products are exempted from value-added tax or are zero-rated, while for others VAT is levied at different rates for different groups of product. For example (currently), children's clothing is exempt from VAT while cars bear a 17.5% VAT charge. value-added taxenUS
Synonyms for value-added tax
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value-added tax - a tax levied on the difference between a commodity's price before taxes and its cost of production