释义 |
sign
sign S0398800 (sīn)n.1. Something that suggests the presence or existence of a fact, condition, or quality: A high temperature is a sign of fever.2. a. An act or gesture used to convey an idea, a desire, information, or a command: gave the go-ahead sign. See Synonyms at gesture.b. Sign language.3. a. A displayed structure bearing lettering or symbols, used to identify or advertise a place of business: a motel with a flashing neon sign outside.b. A posted notice bearing a designation, direction, or command: an EXIT sign above a door; a traffic sign.4. A conventional figure or device that stands for a word, phrase, or operation; a symbol, as in mathematics or in musical notation.5. pl. sign An indicator, such as a dropping or footprint, of the trail of an animal: looking for deer sign.6. A trace or vestige: no sign of life.7. A portentous incident or event; a presage: took the eclipse as a sign from God.8. Medicine An objective finding, usually detected on physical examination, from a laboratory test, or on an x-ray, that indicates the presence of abnormality or disease.9. One of the 12 divisions of the zodiac, each named for a constellation and represented by a symbol.v. signed, sign·ing, signs v.tr.1. To affix one's signature to: signed the letter.2. To write (one's signature): signed her name to the contract.3. To approve or ratify (a document) by affixing a signature, seal, or other mark: sign a bill into law.4. To hire or engage by obtaining a signature on a contract: signed a rookie pitcher for next season; sign up actors for a tour.5. To relinquish or transfer title to by signature: signed away all her claims to the estate.6. To provide with a sign or signs: sign a new highway.7. To communicate with a sign or signs: signed his approval with a nod.8. To express (a word or thought, for example) in a sign language: signed her reply to the question.9. To consecrate with the sign of the cross.v.intr.1. To make a sign or signs; signal.2. To communicate in a sign language.3. To write one's signature.Phrasal Verbs: sign in1. To record the arrival of another or oneself by signing a register.2. To log in to a website or network. sign off1. To announce the end of a communication; conclude.2. To stop transmission after identifying the broadcasting station.3. Informal To express approval formally or conclusively: got Congress to sign off on the new tax proposal. sign on1. To enlist oneself, especially as an employee: "Retired politicians often sign on with top-dollar law firms" (New York Times).2. To be in agreement with something; accept or support something: a senator who signed on to the president's tax policy.3. To start transmission with an identification of the broadcasting station. sign out1. To record the departure of another or oneself by signing a register.2. To log out of a website or network. sign up To agree to be a participant or recipient by signing one's name; enlist: signed up for military service; signing up for a pottery course. [Middle English signe, from Old French, from Latin signum; see sekw- in Indo-European roots.] sign′er n.sign (saɪn) n1. something that indicates or acts as a token of a fact, condition, etc, that is not immediately or outwardly observable2. an action or gesture intended to convey information, a command, etc3. a. a board, placard, etc, displayed in public and inscribed with words or designs intended to inform, warn, etcb. (as modifier): a sign painter. 4. an arbitrary or conventional mark or device that stands for a word, phrase, etc5. (Mathematics) maths logic a. any symbol indicating an operation: a plus sign; an implication sign. b. the positivity or negativity of a number, quantity, or expression: subtraction from zero changes the sign of an expression. 6. an indication or vestige: the house showed no signs of being occupied. 7. a portentous or significant event8. (Zoology) an indication, such as a scent or spoor, of the presence of an animal9. (Medicine) med any objective evidence of the presence of a disease or disorder. Compare symptom110. (Astrology) astrology Compare sign of the zodiacvb11. (Law) to write (one's name) as a signature to (a document, etc) in attestation, confirmation, ratification, etc12. (often foll by: to) to make a sign; signal13. (General Sporting Terms) to engage or be engaged by written agreement, as a player for a team, etc14. (Ecclesiastical Terms) (tr) to outline in gestures a sign over, esp the sign of the cross15. (tr) to indicate by or as if by a sign; betoken16. (intr) to use sign language[C13: from Old French signe, from Latin signum a sign] ˈsignable adjsign (saɪn) n. 1. a token; indication: Bowing is a sign of respect. 2. a conventional mark, figure, or symbol used as an abbreviation for the word or words it represents. 3. a motion or gesture used to express or convey information, an idea, etc. 4. an inscribed board, placard, or the like bearing a warning, advertisement, or other information and displayed for public view: a traffic sign; a store sign. 5. a trace; vestige: There wasn't a sign of them. 6. Usu., signs. traces, as footprints, of a wild animal. 7. an omen; portent. 8. an arbitrary or conventional symbol used in musical notation to indicate tonality, tempo, etc. 9. an objective indication of a disease. 10. any meaningful gestural unit belonging to a sign language. 11. sign language (def. 1). 12. sign of the zodiac. 13. a symbol, as + or =, used to indicate a mathematical operation or relation. v.t. 14. to affix a signature to: to sign a letter. 15. to write as a signature: to sign one's name. 16. to engage or hire by written agreement (often fol. by on or up): to sign a basketball player. 17. to mark with a sign, esp. the sign of the cross. 18. to communicate by means of a sign; signal. 19. to convey (a message) in a sign language. v.i. 20. to write one's signature, as a token of agreement, receipt, etc. 21. to make a sign or signal. 22. to employ a sign language for communication. 23. to obligate oneself by signature. 24. sign away or over, to assign or dispose of by affixing one's signature to a document. 25. sign in (or out), to record one's arrival (or departure) by signing a register. 26. sign off, a. to cease radio or television broadcasting, esp. at the end of the day. b. to indicate one's approval explicitly if not formally. 27. sign up, to enlist, as in an organization or group. [1175–1225; (n.) Middle English signe < Old French < Latin signum mark, sign, image; (v.) Middle English signen < Old French signer < Latin signāre, derivative of signum] sign′er, n. syn: sign, omen, portent refer to something that gives evidence of a future event. sign is a general word for a visible trace or indication of an event, either past, present, or future: Dark clouds are a sign of rain. An omen is a happening or phenomenon that serves as a warning of things to come; it may foreshadow good or evil: She believed it was a bad omen if a black cat crossed her path. portent also refers to an indication of future events, usu. ones that are momentous or of ominous significance: the portents of war. signal, sign - Signal is from Latin signalis, "of a sign," from signum, "mark, token"—from which sign is derived.See also related terms for token.sign signature">signature1. 'sign'When you sign a document, you write your name on it. You do this to show, for example, that you have written the document or that you agree with what it says. I was in the act of signing a traveller's cheque....an order signed by the Home Secretary.You can also say that someone signs their name. Sign your name in the book each time you use the photocopier.2. 'signature'However, when you write your name, you do not refer to what you write as your 'sign'. You call it your signature. Nino scrawled his signature on the bottom of the slip.... petitions bearing thousands of signatures.sign Past participle: signed Gerund: signing
Present |
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I sign | you sign | he/she/it signs | we sign | you sign | they sign |
Preterite |
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I signed | you signed | he/she/it signed | we signed | you signed | they signed |
Present Continuous |
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I am signing | you are signing | he/she/it is signing | we are signing | you are signing | they are signing |
Present Perfect |
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I have signed | you have signed | he/she/it has signed | we have signed | you have signed | they have signed |
Past Continuous |
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I was signing | you were signing | he/she/it was signing | we were signing | you were signing | they were signing |
Past Perfect |
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I had signed | you had signed | he/she/it had signed | we had signed | you had signed | they had signed |
Future |
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I will sign | you will sign | he/she/it will sign | we will sign | you will sign | they will sign |
Future Perfect |
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I will have signed | you will have signed | he/she/it will have signed | we will have signed | you will have signed | they will have signed |
Future Continuous |
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I will be signing | you will be signing | he/she/it will be signing | we will be signing | you will be signing | they will be signing |
Present Perfect Continuous |
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I have been signing | you have been signing | he/she/it has been signing | we have been signing | you have been signing | they have been signing |
Future Perfect Continuous |
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I will have been signing | you will have been signing | he/she/it will have been signing | we will have been signing | you will have been signing | they will have been signing |
Past Perfect Continuous |
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I had been signing | you had been signing | he/she/it had been signing | we had been signing | you had been signing | they had been signing |
Conditional |
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I would sign | you would sign | he/she/it would sign | we would sign | you would sign | they would sign |
Past Conditional |
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I would have signed | you would have signed | he/she/it would have signed | we would have signed | you would have signed | they would have signed | ThesaurusNoun | 1. | sign - a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened); "he showed signs of strain"; "they welcomed the signs of spring"markclew, clue, cue - evidence that helps to solve a problemtoken - something serving as a sign of something else | | 2. | sign - a public display of a message; "he posted signs in all the shop windows"communication - something that is communicated by or to or between people or groupsplacard, poster, posting, notice, bill, card - a sign posted in a public place as an advertisement; "a poster advertised the coming attractions"street sign - a sign visible from the streetsignpost, guidepost - a post bearing a sign that gives directions or shows the way | | 3. | sign - any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message; "signals from the boat suddenly stopped"signal, signalingcommunication - something that is communicated by or to or between people or groupsrecording - a signal that encodes something (e.g., picture or sound) that has been recordedphone number, telephone number, number - the number is used in calling a particular telephone; "he has an unlisted number"starting signal, start - a signal to begin (as in a race); "the starting signal was a green light"; "the runners awaited the start"storm signal - a signal announcing the approach of a storm (particularly a storm of marked violence)beam, radio beam - a signal transmitted along a narrow path; guides airplane pilots in darkness or bad weatherticktack - system of signalling by hand signs used by bookmakers at racetrackstime signal - a signal (especially electronic or by radio) indicating the precisely correct timedog-ear - a corner of a page turned down to mark your placeanimal communication - communication between animals (of the same species)alarum, warning signal, alarm, alert - an automatic signal (usually a sound) warning of dangerdistress call, distress signal - an internationally recognized signal sent out by a ship or plane indicating that help is neededall clear - a signal (usually a siren) that danger is overbugle call - a signal broadcast by the sound of a buglecurfew - a signal (usually a bell) announcing the start of curfew restrictionsretreat - (military) a signal to begin a withdrawal from a dangerous positiondrumbeat - (military) the beating of a drum as a signal for lowering the flag at sundownradiotelegraphic signal, telegraphic signal - a signal transmitted by telegraphywhistle, whistling - the act of signalling (e.g., summoning) by whistling or blowing a whistle; "the whistle signalled the end of the game"high sign - a silent signal of warning or recognition; "she started to speak but he gave her the high sign"symbol - an arbitrary sign (written or printed) that has acquired a conventional significancevisual signal - a signal that involves visual communicationindicator - a signal for attracting attentionelectronic signal - a signal generated by electronic meansradio beacon - a characteristic signal emitted by a transmitter used for navigationinput, input signal - signal going into an electronic systemoutput signal, output - signal that comes out of an electronic system | | 4. | sign - structure displaying a board on which advertisements can be posted; "the highway was lined with signboards"signboardbillboard, hoarding - large outdoor signboardsandwich board - signboard consisting of two hinged boards that hang front and back from the shoulders of a walker and are used to display advertisementsscoreboard - a large board for displaying the score of a contest (and some other information)shingle - a small signboard outside the office of a lawyer or doctor, e.g.structure, construction - a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts; "the structure consisted of a series of arches"; "she wore her hair in an amazing construction of whirls and ribbons" | | 5. | sign - (astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is dividedmansion, planetary house, sign of the zodiac, star sign, houseastrology, star divination - a pseudoscience claiming divination by the positions of the planets and sun and moonregion, part - the extended spatial location of something; "the farming regions of France"; "religions in all parts of the world"; "regions of outer space"zodiac - a belt-shaped region in the heavens on either side to the ecliptic; divided into 12 constellations or signs for astrological purposes | | 6. | sign - (medicine) any objective evidence of the presence of a disorder or disease; "there were no signs of asphyxiation"evidence, grounds - your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief; "the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling"medical specialty, medicine - the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniquesdisease - an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioningvital sign - sign of life; usually an indicator of a person's general physical condition; "he was still alive but his vital signs were weak" | | 7. | sign - having an indicated pole (as the distinction between positive and negative electric charges); "he got the polarity of the battery reversed"; "charges of opposite sign"polarityoppositeness, opposition - the relation between opposed entitiespositiveness, positivity - the character of the positive electric polenegativeness, negativity - the character of the negative electric pole | | 8. | sign - an event that is experienced as indicating important things to come; "he hoped it was an augury"; "it was a sign from God"augury, foretoken, preindicationexperience - an event as apprehended; "a surprising experience"; "that painful experience certainly got our attention"war cloud - an ominous sign that war threatensomen, portent, prognostic, prognostication, presage, prodigy - a sign of something about to happen; "he looked for an omen before going into battle" | | 9. | sign - a gesture that is part of a sign languagesign language, signing - language expressed by visible hand gesturesmotion, gesture - the use of movements (especially of the hands) to communicate familiar or prearranged signals | | 10. | sign - a fundamental linguistic unit linking a signifier to that which is signified; "The bond between the signifier and the signified is arbitrary"--de Saussurelinguistics - the scientific study of languagelanguage unit, linguistic unit - one of the natural units into which linguistic messages can be analyzed | | 11. | sign - a character indicating a relation between quantities; "don't forget the minus sign"mathematical notation - a notation used by mathematiciansequal sign - a sign indicating that the quantities on either side are equalplus sign - a sign indicating the operation of additionminus sign - a sign indicating the operation of subtractionradical sign - a sign indicating the extraction of a root | Verb | 1. | sign - mark with one's signature; write one's name (on); "She signed the letter and sent it off"; "Please sign here"subscribewrite - communicate or express by writing; "Please write to me every week"rubricate - sign with a mark instead of a namecheck in, sign in - announce one's arrival, e.g. at hotels or airportssign away, sign over - formally assign ownership of; "She signed away her rights" | | 2. | sign - approve and express assent, responsibility, or obligation; "All parties ratified the peace treaty"; "Have you signed your contract yet?"ratifyvalidate, formalise, formalize - declare or make legally valid | | 3. | sign - be engaged by a written agreement; "He signed to play the casino on Dec. 18"; "The soprano signed to sing the new opera"contract, undertake - enter into a contractual arrangementundersign - sign at the bottom of (a document)ink - append one's signature to; "They inked the contract"autograph, inscribe - mark with one's signature; "The author autographed his book"initial - mark with one's initialscountersign - add one's signature to after another's to attest authenticity; "You must countersign on this line of the contract"execute - sign in the presence of witnesses; "The President executed the treaty"endorse, indorse - sign as evidence of legal transfer; "endorse cheques" | | 4. | sign - engage by written agreement; "They signed two new pitchers for the next season"sign on, sign up, contracthire, employ, engage - engage or hire for work; "They hired two new secretaries in the department"; "How many people has she employed?"contract out - assign a job to someone outside one's own business | | 5. | sign - communicate silently and non-verbally by signals or signs; "He signed his disapproval with a dismissive hand gesture"; "The diner signaled the waiters to bring the menu"signal, signalise, signalizecommunicate, intercommunicate - transmit thoughts or feelings; "He communicated his anxieties to the psychiatrist"wigwag - signal by or as if by a flag or light waved according to a codesemaphore - send signals by or as if by semaphoreheliograph - signal by means of a mirror and the using the sun's raysflag - communicate or signal with a flagwhistle - give a signal by whistling; "She whistled for her maid" | | 6. | sign - place signs, as along a road; "sign an intersection"; "This road has been signed"lay, place, put, set, position, pose - put into a certain place or abstract location; "Put your things here"; "Set the tray down"; "Set the dogs on the scent of the missing children"; "Place emphasis on a certain point" | | 7. | sign - communicate in sign language; "I don't know how to sign, so I could not communicate with my deaf cousin"communicate, intercommunicate - transmit thoughts or feelings; "He communicated his anxieties to the psychiatrist" | | 8. | sign - make the sign of the cross over someone in order to call on God for protection; consecrateblessgesticulate, gesture, motion - show, express or direct through movement; "He gestured his desire to leave" | Adj. | 1. | sign - used of the language of the deafgestural, sign-language, signedcommunicatory, communicative - able or tending to communicate; "was a communicative person and quickly told all she knew"- W.M.Thackeray |
signnoun1. symbol, mark, character, figure, device, representation, logo, badge, emblem, ensign, cipher Equations are generally written with a two-bar equals sign.2. figure, form, shape, outline The priest made the sign of the cross over him.3. gesture, signal, motion, indication, cue, gesticulation They gave him the thumbs-up sign.4. notice, board, warning, signpost, placard, road sign, traffic sign a sign saying that the highway was closed5. indication, evidence, trace, mark, note, signal, suggestion, symptom, hint, proof, gesture, clue, token, manifestation, giveaway, vestige, spoor His face and movements rarely betrayed any sign of nerves.6. omen, warning, portent, foreboding, presage, forewarning, writing on the wall, augury, auspice It is a sign of things to come.verb1. gesture, indicate, signal, wave, beckon, gesticulate, use sign language She signed to me to go out.2. autograph, initial, inscribe, subscribe, set your hand to I got him to sign my copy of his book.sign on get unemployment benefit, draw benefit, get income support, get jobseekers' allowance I had to accept that I was unemployed and that I would have to sign on.sign someone up engage, recruit, employ, take on, hire, contract, take on board (informal), put on the payroll, take into service Spalding wants to sign you up.sign something away give up, relinquish, renounce, lose, transfer, abandon, surrender, dispose of, waive, forgo The Duke signed away his inheritance.sign up enlist, join, volunteer, register, enrol, join up He signed up as a steward.signnoun1. Something visible or evident that gives grounds for believing in the existence or presence of something else:badge, evidence, index, indication, indicator, manifestation, mark, note, signification, stamp, symptom, token, witness.2. Something that takes the place of words in communicating a thought or feeling:expression, gesture, indication, token.3. An expressive, meaningful bodily movement:gesticulation, gesture, indication, motion, signal.Informal: high sign.4. A usually public posting that conveys a message:bill, billboard, notice, placard, poster.5. A conventional mark used in a writing system:character, symbol.6. A phenomenon that serves as a sign or warning of some future good or evil:augury, forerunner, foretoken, omen, portent, prefigurement, presage, prognostic, prognostication.Idiom: writing on the wall.verb1. To affix one's signature to:autograph, endorse, inscribe, subscribe, undersign.Idioms: put one's John Hancock on, set one's hand to.2. To make bodily motions so as to convey an idea or complement speech:gesticulate, gesture, motion, signal, signalize.Idiom: give the high sign.phrasal verb sign onInformal. To become a member of:enlist, enroll, enter, join, muster in, sign up.phrasal verb sign overTo change the ownership of (property) by means of a legal document:cede, deed, grant, make over.Law: alien, alienate, assign, convey, transfer.phrasal verb sign upTo become a member of:enlist, enroll, enter, join, muster in.Informal: sign on.Translationssign (sain) noun1. a mark used to mean something; a symbol. is the sign for addition. 符號 符号2. a notice set up to give information (a shopkeeper's name, the direction of a town etc) to the public. road-sign. 標誌 标记3. a movement (eg a nod, wave of the hand) used to mean or represent something. He made a sign to me to keep still. 示意 示意4. a piece of evidence suggesting that something is present or about to come. There were no signs of life at the house and he was afraid they were away; Clouds are often a sign of rain. 徵兆 征兆 verb1. to write one's name (on). Sign at the bottom, please. 簽名 签名2. to write (one's name) on a letter, document etc. He signed his name on the document. 簽上(姓名) 签字3. to make a movement of the head, hand etc in order to show one's meaning. She signed to me to say nothing. 示意 示意ˈsignboard noun a board with a notice. In the garden was a signboard which read `House for Sale'. 招牌 招牌ˈsignpost noun a post with a sign on it, showing the direction and distance of places. We saw a signpost which told us we were 80 kilometres from London. 路標,指示牌 路标,指示牌 sign in/out to record one's arrival or departure by writing one's name. He signed in at the hotel when he arrived. 簽到(或簽離) 签到(或注消) sign up1. to join an organization or make an agreement to do something etc by writing one's name. 報名,簽署 签名参加组织或签协议2. to engage for work by making a legal contract. 應聘 应聘sign → 信号zhCN, 标志zhCN, 签名zhCN- I can't find the at sign → 找不到@符号
- Where do I sign? → 在哪儿签字
sign See:- a sign of the times
- a sign of things to come
- be a sign of the times
- dollar signs in (one's) eyes
- harbinger of things to come
- high sign
- make (a gesture) at (one)
- Nebraska sign
- O-sign
- Q-sign
- show signs of
- show signs of (something)
- sign (one's) life away
- sign (one's) own death warrant
- sign (someone's) death warrant
- sign away
- sign for
- sign in
- sign into
- sign of the times
- sign of the times, a
- sign off
- sign off on
- sign off on (something)
- sign on
- sign on the dotted line
- sign on the dotted line, to
- sign one's own death warrant
- sign out
- sign out of (something or some place)
- sign out of some place
- sign over
- sign own death warrant
- sign someone's death warrant
- sign the pledge
- sign up
- sign with
- sign with (someone or something)
- sign your own death warrant
- sign/take the pledge
- the high sign
- the Indian sign
- the O-sign
- the Q-sign
sign
sign1. Maths logica. any symbol indicating an operation b. the positivity or negativity of a number, quantity, or expression 2. an indication, such as a scent or spoor, of the presence of an animal 3. Med any objective evidence of the presence of a disease or disorder 4. Astrology See sign of the zodiacsign - any direct indicator of an occurrence, e.g. the appearance of spots is a sign of measles (natural signs).
- any SYMBOL, including the written marks for words, which stands for – or represents – both a meaning and an external thing which ‘corresponds’ to the meaning. Taking an ‘empiricist’ view, there is a sense in which signs ‘picture’ an external reality (see EMPIRICISM).
- (modern LINGUISTICS and STRUCTURALISM) any signifier which signifies a concept or ‘meaning’, the signified. In this view, the relation between the SIGNIFIER and SIGNIFIED is internal to a particular language (see also LANGUE AND PAROLE, SAUSSURE).
As emphasized in SEMIOLOGY (OR SEMIOTICS), the general theory of signs, signs may take many forms, including icons (pictures), dress, conspicuous social display, etc. – thus ‘referents’ also signify – and all such signs are amenable to analysis in structural terms, i.e. as a system of ’DIFFERENCES’. Compared with sense 1 (natural signs), senses 2 and 3 involve ‘arbitrary’ rather than natural signs. Sense 2 in particular, that our ability to refer depends on internal ‘differences’, also emphasizes that linguistic structures (at least the semantic structures) are 'social’ not biological or individual in form (see also WITTGENSTEIN, FORMS OF LIFE, PARADIGM). Sense3 is also central in modern POST-EMPIRICIST and POST-STRUCTURALIST thinking in philosophy, leading to celebrations or accusations of ‘loss of reference’- see RELATIVISM, INCOMMENSURABILITY. But an emphasis on the ‘internal relations’ of sign systems need not imply lack of reference, merely that any system of reference cannot be guaranteed (see also FEYERABEND, KUHN). See also SEMANTICS, BODY LANGUAGE, METAPHOR. Sign a material object (phenomenon, event) that represents another object, property, or relation and is used to acquire, store, process, and transmit messages (information, knowledge). Linguistic (belonging to a system of signs) are distinguished from nonlinguistic signs. Nonlinguistic signs are divided into copy signs, indicator signs, and symbol signs. Copy signs are reproductions, more or less similar to that which is being denoted, such as photographs, fingerprints, and, to a certain extent, pictographic writing. Indicator signs are signs associated with denoted objects as effects with causes (sometimes referred to as symptoms or indices). Symbol signs are signs that, as a result of graphic images contained in them, are used to express a particular content, frequently extremely meaningful and abstract (for example, a picture of the ancient Greek theatrical mask as a symbol for modern theater; the term “symbol” is also used as an equivalent for “sign”). Linguistic signs do not function independently of each other. They form a system, whose rules determine the regularities of their combination (rules of grammar, or syntax in a broad sense), comprehension (rules of meaning, or significance, of a symbol), and use. If a language serves as a means of communication in society, signs entering into its structure are referred to as communicative signs. These are divided into signs of natural languages and signs of artificial sign systems (artificial languages). Signs of natural languages (individual words, expressions with proper grammatical structure, sentences) include both sound signs and the corresponding handwritten and typographic signs. Nonlinguistic signs play an auxiliary role in communication. In natural communicative languages—national languages—only rules of grammar exist in more or less explicit form; rules of meaning and use are not explicitly formulated. The development of science has led to the introduction into natural languages of special graphic signs used to abbreviate scientific concepts and propositions and methods of operating with objects being studied in science (such as systems of mathematical, astronomical, and chemical symbols). Artificial languages, whose rules (at least the rules of syntax and meaning) are explicitly formulated, are fashioned from such signs. Artificial languages are used primarily in science, where they serve not only as a means of communication between scientists and scientific bodies but as a means of obtaining new information about phenomena being studied. Signs of artificial sign systems include the signs of code systems designed for coding ordinary speech or for receding previously coded messages (for example, Morse code and codes used in formulating programs for digital computers); signs for simulating continuous processes (for example, curves representing continuous changes in certain processes); and signs from which formulas used in scientific languages (including signs of formal systems and those of logical information systems) are constructed, the most important variety of signs used in science. A distinction is generally made between signs whose significance (meaning) does not depend on other signs (so-called natural signs proper) and nonproper signs, which do not have their own signifying character but only aid in forming complex signs from simpler ones (for example, brackets). The denotational, semantic, and expressive meanings of a sign are distinguished. A sign is said to represent a given object (or objects)—the object represented by a sign is referred to as its denotational meaning—and to express its semantic and expressive meanings. The semantic meaning (sense) of a sign serves to identify its denotational meaning— that is, to single out the object represented by a sign (although there may be signs having only a semantic meaning but not representing any object, such as the expression “mermaid”). On the other hand, there may be signs in which the semantic meaning has been reduced to a minimum. Proper nouns of natural languages are a case in point. The semantic meaning of a sign is its capacity to represent and register aspects, features, and properties of the denoted object that define the sphere of applications of the sign; it is that which man understands when perceiving or reproducing a given sign. In science the semantic meaning of a sign takes the form of a notion. In a number of fields (especially mathematics) objects represented by signs (by expressions of a corresponding scientific language) represent ideal, abstract units. The feelings and desires of man expressed by means of a given sign (in its use in a given context and in a given situation) are understood as the expressive meaning of a sign. Natural spoken language is extremely expressive, but in written scientific language most expressions (and in formal languages, all expressions) are devoid of expressive meaning. On the other hand, there are linguistic signs that strictly speaking have no meaning other than the expressive; such is the case, for example, with interjections. The formation of mankind itself, as well as fundamental turning points in the development of science (for example, the emergence of mathematical symbolics in the 16th and 17th centuries, which sharply accelerated the progress of mathematics and its application in mechanics, astronomy, and physics; and the development of formal indexing, machine, and similar languages linked with cybernetics), has been linked to the development of the capacity to extract and process information about objects by working directly not with the objects themselves but with signs representing them. The creation of special symbolics and, especially, of systems of formulas generally reveals new potentials in science. Rationally constructed systems of signs make it possible to express in visible form interrelationships between the phenomena being studied, to achieve nonambiguity of terms, and to denote notions for which there are no verbal expressions in ordinary language. Formulas frequently express both the end result and the means of obtaining such a result. The recording of messages with the help of signs makes possible the transmission of information through technical communication channels and its diverse—mathematical, statistical, and logical—processing by means of automated devices (logical information machines and control systems, including digital computers). REFERENCESLenin, V. I. “Materializm i empiriokrititsizm.” Poln. sobr. soch., 5th ed., vol. 18. Leibniz, G. von. Novye opyty o chelovecheskom razume. Moscow, 1936. (Translated from German.) lushkevich, A. P. “Leibnits i osnovanie ischisleniia beskonechno malykh.” Uspekhi matematicheskikh nauk, 1948, vol. 3, issue 1. Russell, B. Chelovecheskoe poznanie. Moscow, 1957. (Translated from English.) Biriukov, B. V. “Teoriia smysla Gotloba Frege.” In Primenenie logiki v nauke i tekhnike. Moscow, 1960. Zvegintsev, V. A. Istoriia iazykoznaniia 19 i 20 vv. v ocherkakh i izvlecheniiakh, 2nd ed., parts 1–2. Moscow, 1960. Church, A. Vvedenie v matematicheskuiu logiku, vols. 1–2. Moscow, 1960. (Translated from English.) Schaff, A. Vvedenie v semantiku. Moscow, 1963. (Translated from Polish.) Reznikov, L. O. Gnoseologicheskie voprosy semiotiki. Leningrad, 1964. Vleduts, G. E., et al. “Semiotika.” In Kibernetiku—na sluzhbu kommunizmu, vol. 5. Moscow, 1967. (Contains bibliography.) Pierce, J. Simvoly, signaly, shumy. Moscow, 1967. (Translated from English.) Problema znaka i znacheniia. Moscow, 1969. (Collection.) Morris, C. Signs, Language, and Behavior. New York, 1946. Carnap, R. Introduction to Semantics. Cambridge, 1942.B. V. BIRIUKOV sign[sīn] (communications) In semiotics, an entity that signifies some other thing, and may be interpreted. (mathematics) A symbol which indicates whether a quantity is greater than zero or less than zero; the signs are often the marks + and - respectively, but other arbitrarily selected symbols are used, especially in automatic data processing. A unit of plane angle, equal to 30° or π/6 radians. sign, signboard1. A display board or surface used for directions, identification, instructions, or advertising; usually consists of lettering, pictures, diagrams, decoration, etc., often in combination, on a contrasting background surface. 2. According to OSHA: a warning of hazard, temporarily or permanently affixed or placed, at a location where a hazard exists.signA symbol that identifies a positive or negative number. In digital form, it is either a separate character or part of the byte. In ASCII, the sign is kept in a separate character typically transmitted in front of the number it represents (+ and - is 2B and 2D in hex).
In EBCDIC, the minus sign can be stored as a separate byte (hex 60), or, more commonly, as half a byte (+ and - is C and D in hex), which is stored in the high-order bits of the least significant byte. For packed decimal, it is in the low-order bits of the least significant byte. See signsign
sign [sīn] 1. any objective evidence of disease or dysfunction.2. an observable physical phenomenon so frequently associated with a given condition as to be considered indicative of its presence. See also names of specific signs such as tinel's sign.sign/symptom a term used in the omaha system" >omaha system, defined as both objective and subjective evidence of a health problem. See also sign and symptom.sign/symptom, mental/emotional in the omaha system, objective or subjective evidence of a mental or emotional health problem; it may include conditions such as depressed feelings, confusion, agitation, or suicidal threats.sign/symptom, physical in the omaha system, objective or subjective evidence of a physical health problem; it may include conditions such as elevated temperature, failure to thrive, a statement of pain, or others.vital s's the signs of life, namely pulse, respiration, and temperature.sign (omaha) in the omaha system, on the fourth level of the problem classification scheme, the objective evidence of a client problem as observed by a community health nurse or other health care provider; this is closely related to the problem modifier actual. See also sign/symptom.sign (sīn), 1. Any abnormality indicative of disease, discoverable on examination of the patient; an objective indication of disease, in contrast to a symptom, which is a subjective indication of disease. 2. An abbreviation or symbol. 3. psychology any object or artifact (stimulus) that represents a specific thing or conveys a specific idea to the person who perceives it. [L. signum, mark] sign (sīn)n. Medicine An objective finding, usually detected on physical examination, from a laboratory test, or on an x-ray, that indicates the presence of abnormality or disease.v. signed, signing, signs sign′er n.sign An objective clinical defect or change that is associated with a particular disorder.
SIGN Sottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. An organisation established in 1993 by the Academy of Royal Colleges and their Faculties in Scotland, and approved by NHS Evidence, to develop evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for NHS-Scotland, and protocols for treating certain diseases and conditions—e.g., diabetes and back pain.sign Medtalk A defect or abnormality which is associated with a particular disorder. Related terms are Accordion sign, Air meniscus sign, Amputation sign, Angel wing sign, Aortic nipple sign, Apical cap sign, Applesauce sign, Arrowhead sign, Asterisk sign, Bald sac sign, Banana sign, Battle sign, Beak sign, Bird's sign, Bird beak sign, Blade of grass sign, Blue tongue sign, Bowler hat sign, Bozzolo sign, Branham sign, Broken ring sign, Broken straw sign, Brudzinski sign, Candy cane sign, Carman's meniscus sign, Cat's paw sign, Celery stick sign, Chaddock sign, Chadwick sign, 'Chandelier sign,' Chinese lantern sign, Chvostek sign, Clenched fist sign, Cluster of grapes sign, Cobrahead sign, Collar sign, Colon cut-off sign, Comet tail sign, Cracked-pot sign, Cracker sign, Curbstone sign, Cullen sign, Cut-off sign, Dagger sign, Deciduous tree in winter sign, Delta sign, DeMusset sign, Dimple sign, Doll's eye sign, Donohue-Fauver sign, Double bubble sign, Double condom sign, Double duct sign, Double wall sign, Dough sign, Doughnut sign, Drawer sign, Drooping lily sign, E sign, Einstein sign, Ellipse sign, Ewart sign, Eyelash sign, FBI sign, Fifth vital sign, Figure 3 sign, Fishhook sign, Flag sign, Flat waist sign, Football sign, Friend sign, Frog sign, Grey Turner sign, Groove sign, H bomb sign, Half moon sign, Hampton sign, Head drop sign, Heel pad sign, Hegar sign, Hill sign, Hilum overlay sign, Hoffman sign, Homan sign, Hot air balloon sign, Hump sign, Hump & dip sign, Iceberg sign, Inverted comma sign, Inverted mushroom & stem sign, Inverted 3 sign, Inverted U sign, Inverted umbrella sign, Jail bars sign, Jello™ sign, Jet sign, Joffrey sign, Kussmaul sign, Kehr sign, Kernig sign, Kestenbaum sign, Key sign, Keyhole sign, Lachman sign, Lasègue sign, Lemon sign, Lhermitte sign, Lipstick sign, Luftsichel sign, Marcus Gunn sign, McMurray sign, Meningeal sign, Meniscus sign, Mickey Mouse sign, Milk rejection sign, Möbius sign, Mogul sign, Monocle sign, Moro sign, Moviegoer sign, Mulder sign, Musset sign, Napoleon's hat sign, Nikolsky's sign, Notch sign, Nuchal translucency sign, Numb chin sign, Number 3 sign, Ober sign, Obturator sign, Okra sign, Omega sign, One bone-two bone sign, One sign, two sign, three sign, Overhanging ledge sign, Osler sign, Padlock sign, Pencil-in-cup sign, Peninsula sign, Phalen sign, Playboy Bunny sign, Plump hilus sign, Psoas sign, Puddle sign, Pyloric string sign, Pyriform sign, Quarter moon sign, Reverse 5 sign, Reverse 3 sign, Rigid loop sign, Rim sign, Ring sign, Romberg sign, Rope sign, Rovsing sign, Sagging rope sign, Sail sign, Sanctuary sign, Scarf sign, Scotty dog sign, Setting sun sign, Shaggy heart sign, Shelf sign, Signet ring sign, Snowman sign, Snow white sign, Square root sign, Step-off sign, String sign, String of beads sign, Sulcus sign, Terry Thomas sign, Thorn sign, Thumb & little finger sign, Thumb sign, Thymic wave sign, Tinnel sign, Tinted spectacles sign, Tit sign, Tooth sign, Toothpaste sign, Track sign, Trident sign, Twinkling star sign, Vacuum sign, Vital sign, 'Waiter accepting a tip' sign, Wall sign, Water lily sign, Westermark sign, Westphal sign, Whalebone in a corset sign, White line sign, Winterbottom sign, Wrist signsign (sīn) 1. Any abnormality indicative of disease, discoverable on examination of a patient; an objective symptom of disease, in contrast to a symptom, which is a subjective sign of disease. 2. An abbreviation or symbol. 3. psychology Any object or artifact (stimulus) that represents a specific thing or conveys a specific idea to the person who perceives it. sign An objective indication of disease, perceptible by an external observer. Compare SYMPTOM.sign Objective evidence of a disease as distinguished from symptom, which is a subjective complaint of a patient. See diagnosis; prognosis. Argyll Robertson sign See Argyll Robertson pupil. Bell's sign Bell's phenomenon occurring on the affected side in Bell's palsy. Bjerrum's sign See Bjerrum's scotoma. Cogan's lid twitch sign A twitch of the upper eyelid in an eye with ptosis when the patient is asked to look in the primary position following a downward look. The eyelid then returns to its ptosis position. This condition occurs in myasthenia gravis. Collier's sign Unilateral, or more commonly bilateral, eyelid retraction that exposes an unusual amount of the sclera of the eye above and below the iris; it gives the person a frightened or startled expression. It is due to a midbrain lesion. See Parinaud's syndrome. sign convention A set of conventions regulating the direction of distances, lengths, and angles measured in geometrical optics. The most common is the New Cartesian Sign Convention. It stipulates: (1) All distances are measured from the lens, refracting surface or mirror. Those in the same direction as the incident light, which is drawn travelling from left to right, are positive. Those in the opposite direction are negative. (2) All distances are measured from the axis. Those above are positive. Those below are negative. (3) Angles are measured from the incident ray to the axis, with anticlockwise angles positive and clockwise angles negative. (4) The power of a converging lens is positive and that of a diverging lens is negative (Fig. S7). See focal length; Lagrange's law; law of refraction; Newton's formula; fundamental paraxial equation. Dalrymple's sign Retraction of the eyelids causing an abnormally widened palpebral fissure, in primary gaze. This is a sign of Graves' disease. The patient appears to stare and to be frightened as some white sclera may be seen above the upper limbus. doll's eye sign See doll's head phenomenon. von Graefe's sign Immobility or lagging of the upper eyelid when looking downward. This is a sign of Graves' disease. Gunn's crossing sign Tapering of veins on either side of the arteriovenous crossings seen in hypertensive retinopathy. Hutchinson's sign A triad of signs present in congenital syphilis. They are interstitial keratitis, notched teeth and deafness. local sign See oculocentric direction. Moebius' sign Convergence weakness occurring in Graves' disease. Mizuo's sign See Mizuo's phenomenon. Munson's sign A sign observed in keratoconus in which the lower lid is bulging as a cone when the patient looks downward. pseudo-von Graefe sign See aberrant regeneration. Rizzuti's sign An arrowhead pattern near the nasal part of the corneoscleral limbus, sometimes seen in advanced keratoconus. Salus' sign Retinal vein deflection from its normal course at arteriovenous crossings seen in hypertensive retinopathy. Seidel's sign See Seidel's scotoma. Shafer's sign The presence of pigment granules of various sizes floating in the anterior vitreous. They usually result from a retinal break/s, which may progress into rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Then the pigment cells appear as small black dust-like particles ('tobacco dust') seen on clinical examination. Vogt's sign Loss of the normal shagreen of the front surface of the crystalline lens indicating anterior capsular cataract. See crocodile shagreen. Uhthoff's sign See Uhthoff's symptom." >Fig. S7 Sign convention at a spherical refracting surface S (O, object; A, vertex; C, centre of curvature; I, image; n, n′, refractive indices)sign (sīn) Any abnormality indicative of disease, discoverable on examination of patient; objective indication of disease, in contrast to a symptom, which is a subjective indication of disease. [L. signum, mark]Sign
signv. 1) to write one's signature on a document, including an "X" by an illiterate or physically impaired person, provided the mark is properly witnessed in writing as "Eddie Jones, his mark." An attorney-in-fact given authority to act for another person by a power of attorney may sign for the one giving the power, but should identify the signature as "by his attorney-in-fact, George Goodman." 2) to communicate by sign language. (See: mark, subscribe) SIGN, contracts, evidence. A token of anything; a note or token given without words. 2. Contracts are express or implied. The express are manifested viva voce, or by writing; the implied are shown by silence, by acts, or by signs. 3. Among all nations find and at all times, certain signs have been considered as proof of assent or dissent; for example, the nodding of the head, and the shaking of hands; 2 Bl. Com. 448; 6 Toull. D. 33; Heinnec., Antiq. lib. 3, t. 23, n. 19; silence and inaction, facts and signs are sometimes very strong evidence of cool reflection, when following a question. I ask you to lend me one hundred dollars, without saying a word you put your hand in your pocket, and deliver me the money. I go into a hotel and I ask the landlord if he can accommodate me and take care of my trunk; without speaking he takes it out of my hands and sends it into his chamber. By this act he doubtless becomes responsible to me as a bailee. At the expiration of a lease, the tenant remains in possession, without any objection from the landlord; this may be fairly interpreted as a sign of a consent that the lease shall be renewed. 13 Serg. & Rawle, 60. 4, The learned author of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, in his 44th chapter, remarks, "Among savage nations, the want of letters is imperfectly supplied by the use of visible signs, which awaken attention, and perpetuate the remembrance of any public or private transaction. The jurisprudence of the first Romans exhibited the scenes of a pantomime; the words were adapted to the gestures, and the slightest error or neglect in the forms of proceeding was sufficient to annul the substance of the fairest claim. The communion of the marriage-life was denoted by the necessary elements of fire and water: and the divorced wife resigned, the bunch of keys, by the delivery of which she had been invested with the government of the family. The manumission of a son, or a slave, was performed by turning him round with a gentle blow on the cheek: a work was prohibited by the casting of a stone; prescription was interrupted by the breaking of a branch; the clenched fist was the symbol of a pledge or deposits; the right hand was the gift of faith and confidence. The indenture of covenants was a broken straw; weights and, scales were introduced into every payment, and the heir who accepted a testament, was sometimes obliged to snap his fingers, to cast away his garments, and to leap and dance with real or affected transport. If a citizen pursued any stolen goods into a neighbor's house, he concealed his nakedness with a linen towel, and hid his. face with a mask or basin, lest he should encounter the eyes of a virgin or a matron. In a civil action, the plaintiff touched the ear of his witness seized his reluctant adversary by the neck and implored, in solemn lamentation, the aid of his fellow citizens. The two competitors grasped each other's hand, as if they stood prepared for combat before the tribunal of the praetor: he commanded them to produce the object of the dispute; they went, they returned with measured steps, and a clod of earth was cast at his feet to represent the field for which they contended. This occult science of the words and actions of law, was the inheritance of the pontiffs and patricians. Like the Chaldean astrologers, they announced to their clients the days of business and repose; these important trifles wore interwoven with the religion of Numa; and, after the publication of the Twelve Tables, the Roman people were still enslaved by the ignorance of judicial proceedings. The treachery of some plebeian officers at length revealed the profitable mystery: in a more enlightened age, the legal actions were derided and observed; and the same antiquity which sanctified the practice, obliterated the use and meaning, of this primitive language." SIGN, measures. In angular measures, a sign is equal to thirty degrees. Vide Measure. SIGN, mer. law. A board, tin or other substance, on which is painted the name and business of a merchant or tradesman. 2. Every man has a right to adopt such a sign as he may please to select, but he has no right to use another's name, without his consent. See Dall. Dict. mot Propriete Industrielle, and the article Trade marks. TO SIGN. To write one's name to an instrument of writing in order to give the effect intended; the name thus written is called a signature. 2. The signature is usually made at the bottom of the instrument but in wills it has been held that when a testator commenced his will With these words;, "I, A B, make this my will," it was a sufficient signing. 3 Lev. 1; and vide Rob. on Wills, 122 1 Will. on Wills, 49, 50; Chit. Cont. 212 Newl. Contr. 173; Sugd. Vend. 71; 2 Stark. Ev. 605, 613; Rob. on Fr. 121; but this decision is said to be absurd. 1 Bro. Civ. Law, 278, n. 16. Vide Merl. Repert. mot Signature, for a history of the origin, of signatures; and also 4 Cruise, Dig. h.t. 32, c. 2, s. 73, et seq.; see, generally, 8 Toull. n. 94-96; 1 Dall. 64; 5 Whart. R. 386; 2 B. & P 238; 2 M. & S. 286. 3. To sign a judgment, is to enter a judgment for want of something which was required to be done; as, for example, in the English practice, if he who is bound to give oyer does not give it within the time required, in such cases, the adverse party may sign judgment against him. 2 T. R. 40; Com. Dig. Pleader, P 1; Barnes, 245. SIGN
Acronym | Definition |
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SIGN➣Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network | SIGN➣Student Interest Group in Neurology (various locations) | SIGN➣Surgical Implant Generation Network (bone fracture care charity) | SIGN➣Safe Injection Global Network | SIGN➣Society of Investigators of Greater Newark (Newark, NJ) | SIGN➣School of Information Global Network (university student organization) | SIGN➣State Integrated Government Network |
sign
Synonyms for signnoun symbolSynonyms- symbol
- mark
- character
- figure
- device
- representation
- logo
- badge
- emblem
- ensign
- cipher
noun figureSynonymsnoun gestureSynonyms- gesture
- signal
- motion
- indication
- cue
- gesticulation
noun noticeSynonyms- notice
- board
- warning
- signpost
- placard
- road sign
- traffic sign
noun indicationSynonyms- indication
- evidence
- trace
- mark
- note
- signal
- suggestion
- symptom
- hint
- proof
- gesture
- clue
- token
- manifestation
- giveaway
- vestige
- spoor
noun omenSynonyms- omen
- warning
- portent
- foreboding
- presage
- forewarning
- writing on the wall
- augury
- auspice
verb gestureSynonyms- gesture
- indicate
- signal
- wave
- beckon
- gesticulate
- use sign language
verb autographSynonyms- autograph
- initial
- inscribe
- subscribe
- set your hand to
phrase sign onSynonyms- get unemployment benefit
- draw benefit
- get income support
- get jobseekers' allowance
phrase sign someone upSynonyms- engage
- recruit
- employ
- take on
- hire
- contract
- take on board
- put on the payroll
- take into service
phrase sign something awaySynonyms- give up
- relinquish
- renounce
- lose
- transfer
- abandon
- surrender
- dispose of
- waive
- forgo
phrase sign upSynonyms- enlist
- join
- volunteer
- register
- enrol
- join up
Synonyms for signnoun something visible or evident that gives grounds for believing in the existence or presence of something elseSynonyms- badge
- evidence
- index
- indication
- indicator
- manifestation
- mark
- note
- signification
- stamp
- symptom
- token
- witness
noun something that takes the place of words in communicating a thought or feelingSynonyms- expression
- gesture
- indication
- token
noun an expressive, meaningful bodily movementSynonyms- gesticulation
- gesture
- indication
- motion
- signal
- high sign
noun a usually public posting that conveys a messageSynonyms- bill
- billboard
- notice
- placard
- poster
noun a conventional mark used in a writing systemSynonymsnoun a phenomenon that serves as a sign or warning of some future good or evilSynonyms- augury
- forerunner
- foretoken
- omen
- portent
- prefigurement
- presage
- prognostic
- prognostication
verb to affix one's signature toSynonyms- autograph
- endorse
- inscribe
- subscribe
- undersign
verb to make bodily motions so as to convey an idea or complement speechSynonyms- gesticulate
- gesture
- motion
- signal
- signalize
phrase sign on: to become a member ofSynonyms- enlist
- enroll
- enter
- join
- muster in
- sign up
phrase sign over: to change the ownership of (property) by means of a legal documentSynonyms- cede
- deed
- grant
- make over
- alien
- alienate
- assign
- convey
- transfer
phrase sign up: to become a member ofSynonyms- enlist
- enroll
- enter
- join
- muster in
- sign on
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