| 释义 |
putrefaction
pu·tre·fac·tion P0678900 (pyo͞o′trə-făk′shən)n.1. Decomposition of organic matter, especially protein, by microorganisms, resulting in production of foul-smelling matter.2. An amount of putrefied matter or an odor produced by such matter.
[Middle English putrefaccioun, from Late Latin putrefactiō, putrefactiōn-, from putrefactus, past participle of Latin putrefacere, to make rotten; see putrefy.]pu•tre•fac•tion (ˌpyu trəˈfæk ʃən)
n. 1. bacterial or fungal decomposition of organic matter with resulting obnoxious odors; rotting. 2. the state of being putrefied; decay. [1350–1400; Middle English < Late Latin putrefactiō decay = Latin putrefac(ere) to putrefy + -tiō -tion] pu`tre•fac′tive, pu`tre•fa′cient (-ˈfeɪ ʃənt) adj. Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  putrefaction - a state of decay usually accompanied by an offensive odorrotdecay - an inferior state resulting from the process of decaying; "the corpse was in an advanced state of decay"; "the house had fallen into a serious state of decay and disrepair"putrescence, putridness, rottenness, corruption - in a state of progressive putrefaction | | 2. |  putrefaction - (biology) the process of decay caused by bacterial or fungal actionrotting, rot, decompositionbiological science, biology - the science that studies living organismsdecay - the process of gradually becoming inferior | | 3. | putrefaction - moral perversion; impairment of virtue and moral principles; "the luxury and corruption among the upper classes"; "moral degeneracy followed intellectual degeneration"; "its brothels, its opium parlors, its depravity"; "Rome had fallen into moral putrefaction"depravation, depravity, degeneracy, corruptionimmorality - the quality of not being in accord with standards of right or good conduct; "the immorality of basing the defense of the West on the threat of mutual assured destruction" |
putrefactionnounThe condition of being decayed:breakdown, decay, decomposition, deterioration, disintegration, putrescence, putridness, rot, rottenness, spoilage.Translationspodredumbrepudriciónputrefacciónputrefazione
putrefaction
putrefaction: see decay of organic matterdecay of organic matter
or putrefaction,
process whereby heterotrophic organisms, including some bacteria, fungi, saprophytic plants, and lower animals, utilize the remains of once-living tissue as a source of nutrition.
..... Click the link for more information. .Putrefaction the decomposition of complex nitrogen-containing organic compounds (primarily proteins) caused by the action of putrefactive microorganisms. Because putrefaction is accompanied primarily by the evolution of gaseous ammonia, putrefaction is also called ammonification, and the microorganisms involved in the process are called ammonifiers. Putrefaction is a complex, multistep biochemical process. It develops in various ways and has various results, depending on the chemical nature of the substrate, the availability of oxygen, and on the microfloral composition. Specific groups of microbes prevail at various stages of putrefaction. Among the putrefactive microorganisms the most important are anaerobes and facultative anaerobes, which contain powerful proteolytic enzymes, as well as aerobic sporogenous bacteria of the genus Bacillus and nonsporogenous bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas. Mold fungi are also involved in putrefaction, but the role of actinomycetes is insignificant. The majority of putrefactive bacteria are saprophytes, some of which are capable of hydrolyzing live tissues, giving rise to various diseases (for example, gas gangrene in animals and humans and soft rots of plants). Putrefaction plays an important role in the cycle of materials in nature. The life activity and death of animals causes a large amount of protein-containing products to enter the soil and bodies of water. These products are not accumulated because of the activity of putrefactive microflora but are mineralized. Thus, they may be used again by plants. By means of proteolytic enzymes (proteases and peptidases), putrefactive bacteria degrade proteins to polypeptides and then to amino acids, which undergo deamination and decarboxylation by the action of many microorganisms. Deamination results in the evolution of gaseous ammonia and the formation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and aromatic acids, as well as ketonic and hydroxy acids. Decarboxylation generates amines, many of which are very toxic. The amino acid radicals that are generated as a result of deamination and decarboxylation are further degraded. Thus, tryptophan forms skatole and indole, and the sulfur-containing amino acids methionine and cysteine form hydrogen sulfide. Fatty acids may ferment, evolving methane. Putrefaction in the absence of air involves predominantly reductive processes and the accumulation of many of the above-mentioned products. Free access to air allows completion of the process of putrefaction, all the carbon from the organic compounds being evolved in the form of carbon dioxide. Putrefaction occurs in the intestinal tracts of animals as well as in soil and bodies of water. This is caused by anaerobes— Bacillus putrificus, B. perfringens, and B. sporogenes. The products of putrefaction are rendered harmless by the liver and are partly eliminated by the kidneys. In cases of constipation and obstructions of the intestinal tract poisoning may occur as a result of excessive absorption of the products of putrefaction. Lactic acid bacteria inhibit the putrefactive microflora of the intestinal tract. Putrefactive bacteria cause food spoilage. In order to preserve foods from putrefaction, sterilization, pickling, smoking, freezing, and other techniques are used. However, putrefactive bacteria include sporogenous, halophilic, and psychrophilic forms that cause spoilage of pickled or frozen foods. Some industrial processes (removal of hair from animal skins, tanning of hides, and chemical cleaning of clothing) use enzyme preparations obtained from cultures of putrefactive microorganisms. REFERENCESIerusalimskii, N. D. Osnovy fiziologii mikrobov. Moscow, 1963.
Metabolizm bakterii. Moscow, 1963. (Translated from English.)
Rabotnova, I. L. Obshchaia mikrobiologia. Moscow, 1966.V. M. GORLENKO putrefaction[‚pyü·trə′fak·shən] (biochemistry) Decomposition of organic matter, particularly the anaerobic breakdown of proteins by bacteria, with the production of foul-smelling compounds. putrefaction
putrefaction [pu″trĕ-fak´shun] enzymatic decomposition, especially of proteins, with the production of foul-smelling compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and mercaptans. adj., adj putrefac´tive.pu·tre·fac·tion (pyū'trĕ-fak'shŭn), Decomposition or rotting, the breakdown of organic matter usually by bacterial action, resulting in the formation of other substances of less complex constitution with the evolution of ammonia or its derivatives and hydrogen sulfide; characterized usually by the presence of toxic or malodorous products. Synonym(s): decay (2) , decomposition [L. putre-facio, pp. -factus, to make rotten] putrefaction (pyo͞o′trə-făk′shən)n.1. Decomposition of organic matter, especially protein, by microorganisms, resulting in production of foul-smelling matter.2. An amount of putrefied matter or an odor produced by such matter.infanticide Forensic medicine The active or semi-passive killing of a viable conceptus > 20 gestational wks, which breathes spontaneously. See Battered child syndrome, Child abuse. Cf Stillbirth. Infanticide, diagnosis of
'Hard' criteria • Comparison of gastric fluid composition with that of a toilet bowel-active drowning • Peural surfaces with petechiae Seen in induced suffocation, most significant when coupled with hematomas and petechiae on the mouth and epiglottis; the lingual frenulum may be torn and the lips bruised, indicating active attempts to suffocate infant. • Lungs Stillbirth lungs are not aerated and do not float • Edematous foam on nostrils An indicator of active breathing • Meconium Resuscitation of a true stillborn may push meconium into the perianal region, but extensive staining of the placenta and umbilical cord is due to antenatal stress 'Soft' criteria • Denial of pregnancy If the woman is obese or a dullard, she may not know she was pregnant • Rigor mortis A finding that is poorly appreciated in neonates • Impression of the body in soil, blood, or fomites, requiring diligent and timely scene investigation • Maceration of skin A finding typical of stillbirth • Putrefaction Stillborns do not putrefy as they have sterile bowels • Umbilical cord A cut cord indicates active intervention-time undetermined; an intact cord is consistent with stillbirth • Determination of age Viability, most fetuses born before 18 wks of gestation die despite resuscitative efforts, age is determined by skeletal dating, antenatal studies corroborating fetal death, eg Spaulding sign of in utero death characterized by overlapping cranial bones
pu·tre·fac·tion (pyū'trĕ-fak'shŭn) Decomposition or rotting, the breakdown of organic matter, usually by bacterial action, resulting in the formation of other substances of less complex constitution with the evolution of ammonia or its derivatives and hydrogen sulfide; characterized usually by the presence of toxic or malodorous products.
Synonym(s): decay (2) , decomposition. [L. putre-facio, pp. -factus, to make rotten]putrefaction the decomposition of proteins, which gives rise to foul-smelling products.pu·tre·fac·tion (pyū'trĕ-fak'shŭn) Decomposition or rotting, breakdown of organic matter usually by bacterial action, resulting in formation of other substances of less complex constitution with evolution of ammonia or its derivatives and hydrogen sulfide; characterized usually by presence of toxic or malodorous products.
Synonym(s): decay (3) . [L. putre-facio, pp. -factus, to make rotten]LegalSeeInfanticideputrefaction
Related to putrefaction: intestinal putrefactionSynonyms for putrefactionnoun the condition of being decayedSynonyms- breakdown
- decay
- decomposition
- deterioration
- disintegration
- putrescence
- putridness
- rot
- rottenness
- spoilage
Synonyms for putrefactionnoun a state of decay usually accompanied by an offensive odorSynonymsRelated Words- decay
- putrescence
- putridness
- rottenness
- corruption
noun (biology) the process of decay caused by bacterial or fungal actionSynonymsRelated Words- biological science
- biology
- decay
noun moral perversionSynonyms- depravation
- depravity
- degeneracy
- corruption
Related Words |