Siegbahn, Kai Manne Borje

Siegbahn, Kai Manne Borje,

1918–2007, Swedish physicist, son of Karl SiegbahnSiegbahn, Karl Manne Georg,
1886–1978, Swedish physicist. In 1913, he began a series of experiments that led to the discovery of the M series of X rays and demonstrated the shell arrangement of electrons within the atom.
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. He earned his doctorate at the Univ. of Stockholm in 1944 and later taught at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm (1951–54), and the Univ. of Uppsala (1954–84). He shared the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics with Nicolaas BloembergenBloembergen, Nicolaas
, 1920–2017, American physicist, b. Dordrecht, the Netherlands. Educated in the Netherlands, he began work at Harvard in 1946, first as a research assistant and later as a professor and then university professor (emeritus from 1990).
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 and Arthur SchawlowSchawlow, Arthur Leonard
, 1921–99, American physicist, b. Mount Vernon, N.Y., grad. Univ. of Toronto (Ph.D. 1949). Although his research focused on optics, in particular, lasers and their use in spectroscopy, he also pursued investigations in the areas of
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 for their work in spectroscopy. Siegbahn developed techniques for chemical analysis using high-resolution electron spectroscopy.