| 单词 | sovereignty | |||||||||
| 释义 | sovereigntysov·er·eign·tyS0593000 (sŏv′ər-ĭn-tē, sŏv′rĭn-)sovereignty(ˈsɒvrəntɪ)sov•er•eign•ty(ˈsɒv rɪn ti, ˈsʌv-)n., pl. -ties.
sovereigntysovereigntynounsovereigntysovereignty,supreme authority in a political community. The concept of sovereignty has had a long history of development, and it may be said that every political theorist since Plato has dealt with the notion in some manner, although not always explicitly. Jean BodinBodin, Jean, 1530?–1596, French social and political philosopher. He studied and taught at Toulouse and enjoyed a successful legal career. His most notable book, Six livres de la republique (1576, tr. ..... Click the link for more information. was the first theorist to formulate a modern concept of sovereignty. In his Six Bookes of a Commonweale (1576) Bodin asserted that the prince, or the sovereign, has the power to declare law. Thomas HobbesHobbes, Thomas , 1588–1679, English philosopher, grad. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1608. For many years a tutor in the Cavendish family, Hobbes took great interest in mathematics, physics, and the contemporary rationalism. ..... Click the link for more information. later furthered the concept of kingly sovereignty by stating that the king not only declares law but creates it; he thereby gave the sovereign both absolute moral and political power. Hobbes, like other social-contract theorists, asserted that the king derives his power from a populace who have collectively given up their own former personal sovereignty and power and placed it irretrievably in the king. The concept of sovereignty was closely related to the growth of the modern nation-state, and today the term is used almost exclusively to describe the attributes of a state rather than a person. A sovereign state is often described as one that is free and independent. In its internal affairs it has undivided jurisdiction over all persons and property within its territory. It claims the right to regulate its economic life without regard for its neighbors and to increase armaments without limit. No other nation may rightfully interfere in its domestic affairs. In its external relations it claims the right to enforce its own conception of rights and to declare war. This description of a sovereign state is denied, however, by those who assert that international law is binding. Because states are limited by treaties and international obligations and are not legally permitted by the United NationsUnited Nations In the United States, the nation (i.e. the federal government) and each state are considered sovereign. Among conflicts in which the concept comes into play are those between the federal and state governments (see states' rightsstates' rights, BibliographySee C. E. Merriam, History of the Theory of Sovereignty since Rousseau (1900, repr. 1968); H. J. Laski, Studies in the Problem of Sovereignty (1917, repr. 1968); B. de Jouvenel, Sovereignty (tr. 1957); J. L. Brierly, The Law of Nations (6th ed. 1963); F. H. Hinsley, Sovereignty (1966); A. James, Sovereign Statehood (1986). sovereigntythe supreme, theoretically unrestricted, political POWER by which a STATE is identified. The concept acquired particular importance throughout Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries, in association with the formation of the modern NATION STATE (see also ABSOLUTISM, HOBBES).Sovereigntysupreme, independent power exercised in a state’s domestic and foreign policy. The term “sovereignty” was first used in reference to constitutional law in the 16th century by the French scholar J. Bodin. The concept of popular sovereignty was used by the bourgeoisie in its struggle against absolutism and feudalism in order to win the support of the common people. Sovereignty varies in different socioeconomic systems, depending on the class-oriented nature of state power and the economic structure of a given society. The power of the people is the basis of sovereignty in socialist states. Sovereignty is manifested above all in the way a state functions, but it is most apparent in the system of state rights, including sovereign rights. It is precisely the state’s powers that ensure the state’s authority and thus its sovereignty. Supreme state power in a society is characterized by the establishment of law and order and the granting of rights and duties to officials, public organizations, and citizens. These characteristics distinguish state power from other forms of authority, for example, in a family or social group. Only state power can authoritatively influence and, when necessary, exercise coercion on all aspects of life in human society; state power is in effect universal and sovereign in nature. A state’s domestic sovereignty is closely linked with its independence from foreign powers. Sovereignty gives a state independence in international relations and allows it to act as an autonomous party in matters of international law. The foreign policy of the USSR recognizes the sovereign equality of all states, regardless of the sociopolitical system, economic development, size, or population. The principle of sovereign equality, which is set forth in the UN Charter, is one of the universally recognized principles of modern international law. sovereigntysovereigntySovereigntyThe supreme, absolute, and uncontrollable power by which an independent state is governed and from which all specific political powers are derived; the intentional independence of a state, combined with the right and power of regulating its internal affairs without foreign interference. Sovereignty is the power of a state to do everything necessary to govern itself, such as making, executing, and applying laws; imposing and collecting taxes; making war and peace; and forming treaties or engaging in commerce with foreign nations. The individual states of the United States do not possess the powers of external sovereignty, such as the right to deport undesirable persons, but each does have certain attributes of internal sovereignty, such as the power to regulate the acquisition and transfer of property within its borders. The sovereignty of a state is determined with reference to the U.S. Constitution, which is the supreme law of the land. sovereigntyin UK constitutional law, the doctrine that the monarch in Parliament is competent to make or unmake any law whatsoever and cannot be challenged in any court. The doctrine developed historically, its first major enunciation being in the BILL OF RIGHTS. Possible limitations are:
By far the most significant restraint is found in the law of the EUROPEAN UNION, which asserts its supremacy in the ever-expanding matters subject to the Treaties. Enforcement of an Act of Parliament has been enjoined on the basis of conflict with European law. The creation of the devolved Scottish Parliament has brought about a conventional restraint of Parliament exercising its powers on matters within the devolved powers: see SEWEL MOTION. SOVEREIGNTY. The union and exercise of all human power possessed in a state; it is a combination of all power; it is the power to do everything in a state without accountability; to make laws, to execute and to apply them: to impose and collect taxes, and, levy, contributions; to make war or peace; to form treaties of alliance or of commerce with foreign nations, and the like. Story on the Const. Sec. 207. SovereigntySovereigntySee SOV sovereignty
Synonyms for sovereignty
|
|||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
英语词典包含2567994条英英释义在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。