| 释义 |
puncture
punc·ture P0661000 (pŭngk′chər)v. punc·tured, punc·tur·ing, punc·tures v.tr.1. To pierce with a pointed object.2. To make (a hole) by piercing.3. To depreciate or deflate: cutting remarks that punctured my ego.v.intr. To be pierced or punctured: The tire punctured when it hit the curb.n.1. The act or an instance of puncturing.2. A hole or depression made by a sharp object, especially a hole in an automotive tire.
[From Middle English, a pricking, from Late Latin pūnctūra, from pūnctus, past participle of pungere, to prick; see peuk- in Indo-European roots.]
punc′tur·a·ble adj.puncture (ˈpʌŋktʃə) n1. a small hole made by a sharp object2. (Automotive Engineering) a perforation and loss of pressure in a pneumatic tyre, made by sharp stones, glass, etc3. the act of puncturing or perforating4. (Automotive Engineering) the act of puncturing or perforatingvb5. (tr) to pierce (a hole) in (something) with a sharp object6. (Automotive Engineering) to cause (something pressurized, esp a tyre) to lose pressure by piercing, or (of a tyre, etc) to be pierced and collapse in this way7. (tr) to depreciate (a person's self-esteem, pomposity, etc)[C14: from Latin punctūra, from pungere to prick] ˈpuncturable adj ˈpuncturer npunc•ture (ˈpʌŋk tʃər)
n., v. -tured, -tur•ing. n. 1. the act of piercing or perforating, as with a pointed instrument or object. 2. a hole or mark so made. v.t. 3. to pierce or perforate, as with a pointed instrument. 4. to make (a hole, perforation, etc.) by piercing or perforating. 5. to reduce or diminish as if by piercing: to puncture a person's pride. 6. to cause to collapse or disintegrate: to puncture one's dream of success. v.i. 7. to become punctured. [1350–1400; Middle English < Latin pūnctūra a pricking =pūnct(us) (past participle of pungere to pierce] puncture
Past participle: punctured
Gerund: puncturing
| Imperative |
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| puncture | | puncture |
| Present |
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| I puncture | | you puncture | | he/she/it punctures | | we puncture | | you puncture | | they puncture |
| Preterite |
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| I punctured | | you punctured | | he/she/it punctured | | we punctured | | you punctured | | they punctured |
| Present Continuous |
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| I am puncturing | | you are puncturing | | he/she/it is puncturing | | we are puncturing | | you are puncturing | | they are puncturing |
| Present Perfect |
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| I have punctured | | you have punctured | | he/she/it has punctured | | we have punctured | | you have punctured | | they have punctured |
| Past Continuous |
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| I was puncturing | | you were puncturing | | he/she/it was puncturing | | we were puncturing | | you were puncturing | | they were puncturing |
| Past Perfect |
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| I had punctured | | you had punctured | | he/she/it had punctured | | we had punctured | | you had punctured | | they had punctured |
| Future |
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| I will puncture | | you will puncture | | he/she/it will puncture | | we will puncture | | you will puncture | | they will puncture |
| Future Perfect |
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| I will have punctured | | you will have punctured | | he/she/it will have punctured | | we will have punctured | | you will have punctured | | they will have punctured |
| Future Continuous |
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| I will be puncturing | | you will be puncturing | | he/she/it will be puncturing | | we will be puncturing | | you will be puncturing | | they will be puncturing |
| Present Perfect Continuous |
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| I have been puncturing | | you have been puncturing | | he/she/it has been puncturing | | we have been puncturing | | you have been puncturing | | they have been puncturing |
| Future Perfect Continuous |
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| I will have been puncturing | | you will have been puncturing | | he/she/it will have been puncturing | | we will have been puncturing | | you will have been puncturing | | they will have been puncturing |
| Past Perfect Continuous |
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| I had been puncturing | | you had been puncturing | | he/she/it had been puncturing | | we had been puncturing | | you had been puncturing | | they had been puncturing |
| Conditional |
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| I would puncture | | you would puncture | | he/she/it would puncture | | we would puncture | | you would puncture | | they would puncture |
| Past Conditional |
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| I would have punctured | | you would have punctured | | he/she/it would have punctured | | we would have punctured | | you would have punctured | | they would have punctured |
Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  puncture - loss of air pressure in a tire when a hole is made by some sharp objectmisadventure, mischance, mishap - an instance of misfortune | | 2. | puncture - a small hole made by a sharp objecthole - an opening deliberately made in or through somethingpinhole - a small puncture that might have been made by a pinpinprick - small puncture (as if made by a pin) | | 3. | puncture - the act of puncturing or perforatingactivity - any specific behavior; "they avoided all recreational activity"centesis - (surgery) the act of puncturing a body cavity or organ with a hollow needle in order to draw out fluidperforation - the act of punching a hole (especially a row of holes as for ease of separation)pricking, prick - the act of puncturing with a small point; "he gave the balloon a small prick"venipuncture - (medicine) puncture of a vein through the skin in order to withdraw blood for analysis or to start an intravenous drip or to inject medication or a radiopaque dye | | Verb | 1. | puncture - pierce with a pointed object; make a hole into; "puncture a tire"scarify - puncture and scar (the skin), as for purposes or tribal identification or rituals; "The men in some African tribes scarify their faces"pierce - make a hole into; "The needle pierced her flesh" | | 2. | puncture - make by piercing; "puncture a hole"create, make - make or cause to be or to become; "make a mess in one's office"; "create a furor" | | 3. | puncture - reduce or lessen the size or importance of; "The bad review of his work deflated his self-confidence"deflatedepreciate, vilipend, deprecate - belittle; "The teacher should not deprecate his student's efforts" | | 4. | puncture - cause to lose air pressure or collapse by piercing; "puncture an air balloon"depressurise, depressurize, decompress - decrease the pressure of; "depressurize the cabin in the air plane" | | 5. | puncture - be pierced or punctured; "The tire punctured"come apart, break, split up, fall apart, separate - become separated into pieces or fragments; "The figurine broke"; "The freshly baked loaf fell apart" |
puncturenoun1. flat tyre, flat Someone helped me to mend the puncture.2. hole, opening, break, cut, nick, leak, slit, rupture, perforation an instrument used to make a puncture in the abdominal wallverb1. pierce, cut, nick, penetrate, prick, rupture, perforate, impale, bore a hole The bullet punctured his stomach.2. deflate, go down, go flat The tyre is guaranteed never to puncture.3. humble, discourage, disillusion, flatten, deflate, take down a peg (informal) a witty column which punctures celebrity egospunctureverb1. To make a hole or other opening in:breach, break (through), gap, hole, perforate, pierce.2. To pass into or through by overcoming resistance:break (through), enter, penetrate, perforate, pierce.3. To cause to be no longer believed or valued:debunk, deflate, discredit, explode.Informal: shoot down.Idioms: knock the bottom out of, shoot full of holes.nounA small mark or hole made by a sharp, pointed object:perforation, prick, stab.Translationspuncture (ˈpaŋktʃə) verb to make or get a small hole in. Some glass on the road punctured my new tyre. 刺穿 刺穿 noun a hole in a tyre. My car has had two punctures this week. (車胎的)刺孔 （车胎的）刺孔
puncture
puncture1. a perforation and loss of pressure in a pneumatic tyre, made by sharp stones, glass, etc. 2. the act of puncturing or perforating Puncture a piercing of the wall of any cavity, vessel, hollow or parenchymatous organ, tumor, or infiltrate for purposes of treatment or diagnosis. Exploratory punctures are used to help accurately diagnose diseases either through analysis of the contents of a cavity—the pleural cavity, for example—and subsequent cytological, biochemical, and bacteriological examination or through microscopic, ultramicroscopic, cytochemical, and chromosomal study of cells obtained from pathologically altered organs. It is also used for measuring the pressure in the cavities of the heart, large blood vessels, and the cerebrospinal canal and for introducing into a cavity contrast materials or air (radiodiagnostics). Therapeutic punctures are used to extract pus, blood, air, or fluid from a cavity, wash the cavity, and introduce medicinal substances. Often both types of punctures coincide. There are a number of common punctures. Veins are punctured in order to obtain blood for analysis and for bloodletting, injection of medication, or transfusion of blood. In the case of exudative pleuritis, the pleural cavity is punctured in order to remove air from the cavity and induce artificial pneumothorax. The abdominal cavity is punctured if ascites is present, and joints are punctured for therapeutic and exploratory purposes. Puncture of the cerebrospinal canal is performed for analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid or injection of medications or radiopa-que substances. The urinary bladder is punctured when there is urinary retention and it is impossible to introduce a catheter. Puncture is done with a syringe and a special needle or trocar, according to all the principles of asepsis and anesthesia. REFERENCEDiagnosticheskaia i lerapevlicheskaia lekhnika. Edited by V. S. Maiata. Moscow, 1969.A. N. SMIRNOV puncture[′pəŋk·chər] (electricity) Disruptive discharge through insulation involving a sudden and large increase in current through the insulation due to complete failure under electrostatic stress. (science and technology) To pierce or indent. puncture
puncture [pungk´chur] 1. the act of piercing or penetrating with a pointed object.2. a wound so made.cisternal puncture see cisternal puncture.lumbar puncture (spinal puncture) see lumbar puncture.sternal puncture see sternal puncture.tracheoesophageal puncture surgical creation of a tracheoesophageal fistula to hold a one-way plastic valve to restore speech after Laryngectomy.punc·ture (pŭnk'chūr), 1. To make a hole with a small pointed object, such as a needle. 2. A prick or small hole made with a pointed instrument. [L. punctura, fr. pungo, pp. punctus, to prick] puncture A rounded hole made with a pointed instrument. See Lumbar puncture, Osteopuncture. punc·ture (pungk'shŭr) 1. To make a hole with a small pointed object, such as a needle. 2. A prick or small hole made with a pointed instrument. [L. punctura, fr. pungo, pp. punctus, to prick]puncture (pungk'chur) [L. punctura, prick] 1. A hole or wound made by a sharp pointed instrument.2. To make a hole with such an instrument.puncture of the antrumPuncture of the maxillary sinus by insertion of a trocar through the sinus wall in order to drain fluid. The instrument is inserted near the floor of the nose, approx. 112 in (3.8 cm) from the nasal opening. See: antrotomyPatient careThe antrum is irrigated with the prescribed solution (often warm normal saline solution) according to protocol. The character and volume of the returned solution and the patient's response to treatment are carefully monitored and documented. Ice packs are applied as prescribed for edema and pain; these are replaced by warm compresses as healing progresses. Assessments are made for chills, fever, nausea, vomiting, facial or periorbital edema, visual disturbances, and personality changes, which may indicate the development of complications. arterial puncturePlacement of a needle or catheter into an artery to sample blood gases or blood pressure, or positioning of a catheter in the aorta or the heart.cerebrospinal punctureA puncture of the meninges to collect cerebrospinal fluid or to inject contrast media or medications. Puncture sites include the spaces around the spinal cord (lumbar puncture), the cisterna magna (cisternal puncture), or open fontanelles in infants (ventricular puncture). cisternal punctureA spinal puncture with a hollow needle between the cervical vertebrae, through the dura mater, and into the cisterna at the base of the brain. This is done to inject a drug as in meningitis or cerebral syphilis, to remove spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes, or to reduce intracranial pressure. It should be used as a source of spinal fluid only if fluid cannot be obtained by lumbar puncture. See: cerebrospinal fluidCAUTION!This procedure may be lethal if not done by one skilled in this technique.diabetic punctureBernard puncture.exploratory puncturePiercing of a cavity or cyst in order to examine the fluid or pus removed. heel punctureA method for obtaining a blood sample from a newborn or premature infant.CAUTION!The puncture should be made in the lateral or medial area of the plantar surface of the heel, while avoiding the posterior curvature of the heel. The puncture should go no deeper than 2.4 mm. Previous puncture sites should not be used. LUMBAR PUNCTURE LUMBAR PUNCTURELUMBAR PUNCTURElumbar puncture Abbreviation: LP
Gaining entry into the subarachnoid space of the meningeal sac below the end of the spinal cord, usually at the level of the fourth intervertebral space with a hollow needle. This procedure is done to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for analysis, as in the diagnosis of severe headache or in suspected central nervous system infection or bleeding; to administer drugs to the brain or spinal cord (such as anesthetics or chemotherapeutic agents); or to relieve the CSF of excess pressure or fluid, as in pseudotumor cerebri. Synonym: spinal puncture; Quincke puncture; spinal tap See: illustration; cisternal puncture; headache; Queckenstedt signCAUTION!Postprocedure headache occurs in about half of all patients who undergo lumbar puncture. Rarely reported complications of the procedure include cerebral herniation, epidural infection, epidural bleeding, paraparesis, and subdural bleeding.ProcedureInformed consent for the procedure is obtained except in dire emergencies when clinical judgment prevails. Appropriate equipment is gathered: sterile gloves and mask for the operator, skin antiseptic (povidine-iodine solution), local anesthetic (1% lidocaine), and a lumbar puncture tray containing sterile gauze sponges, fenestrated drape and towel, needles and syringe for anesthesia, spinal needles, 4 collection tubes, 3-way stopcock and manometer; and a small adhesive bandage. The procedure and expected sensations are explained, and the patient is asked to remain still when positioned and to breathe normally. The patient is typically placed on his or her left side at the right edge of the bed or examining table with knees drawn up to the abdomen and chin down to the chest, or in a sitting position with legs over one side of the table and buttocks at the other, bending head and chest toward the knees. Either of these positions exposes the back to the operator and provides spinal flexion, allowing easy access to the lumbar subarachnoid space. The assisting nurse holds the patient appropriately to secure this position (one arm around the neck, the other around the knees, or holding both shoulders bent forward). Draping provides warmth and privacy. Next, the patient's skin is prepared with antiseptic solution, and a sterile fenestrated barrier is placed over the proposed puncture site. Local anesthetic is injected, and then the spinal needle, with its stylet in place, is slowly advanced between the vertebra into and through the dura and arachnoid membranes. The stylet that fills the needle is removed, and initial measurements are made of the opening intracranial pressure (ICP) with a manometer. When the procedure is performed for diagnosis, about 8 to 10 ml of fluid are collected and sent promptly to the clinical laboratory for analysis of cell count, glucose, protein levels, cultures stains, and special studies. The closing pressure should then be read, the needle removed, and a small impervious adhesive dressing applied, sometimes with collodion to prevent CSF leakage. See: illustration ComplicationsPain at the puncture site, infection, bleeding, neurological injury, death, and post–spinal tap headaches are all potential complications. Of these, postural headache, caused by chronic leakage from the puncture site, is the complication most often brought to the attention of health care professionals. It may be treated with the injection of a small amount of the patient's own blood epidurally, to form a blood patch. See: cerebrospinal fluid Patient care The nurse assists the operator throughout the procedure by numbering and capping specimen tubes for laboratory examination and by applying jugular vein pressure as directed. Reassurance and direction are provided to the patient throughout the procedure, and the patient is assessed for adverse reactions (elevated pulse rate, pain radiating into the limbs, pallor, clammy skin, or respiratory distress). After the procedure, the nurse assesses vital signs and neurological status, particularly observing for signs of paralysis, weakness, or loss of sensation in the lower extremities. If CSF pressure is elevated, the patient’s neurological status should be assessed every 15 min for 4 hr, if normal, every hour for 2 hr, then every 4 hr or as ordered. The puncture site should be checked hourly for 4 hr, then every 4 hr for 24 hr, assessing for redness, swelling, and drainage. To decrease the chance of headache, oral intake (for spinal fluid replacement and equalization of pressures) is encouraged, and the patient should remain in bed in a supine position or with the head elevated no more than 30° for 4 to 24 hr (per operator or institutional protocol). The patient should not lift his or her head but can move it (and himself or herself) from side to side. Noninvasive pain relief measures and prescribed analgesia are provided if headache occurs. illustrationQuincke puncture See: Quincke, Heinrichspinal punctureLumbar puncture.sternal puncturePuncture of the sternum with a large-bore needle to obtain a specimen of marrow.tracheoesophageal puncture Abbreviation: TEP
A surgically created connection between the trachea and the esophagus for a patient who has had his or her voicebox (larynx) removed. It permits the patient to force air from the lungs through the windpipe into the esophagus, and from there out of the mouth in order to speak. A one-way valve (shunt) is placed into the tracheoesophageal opening. The patient learns to speak using the TEP with the help of a speech therapist. ventricular puncturePuncture of a ventricle of the brain in order to withdraw fluid or introduce air for ventriculography.PunctureAn injury caused by a sharp, narrow object deeply penetrating the skin.Mentioned in: WoundsFinancialSeeLPpuncture
Synonyms for puncturenoun flat tyreSynonymsnoun holeSynonyms- hole
- opening
- break
- cut
- nick
- leak
- slit
- rupture
- perforation
verb pierceSynonyms- pierce
- cut
- nick
- penetrate
- prick
- rupture
- perforate
- impale
- bore a hole
verb deflateSynonymsverb humbleSynonyms- humble
- discourage
- disillusion
- flatten
- deflate
- take down a peg
Synonyms for punctureverb to make a hole or other opening inSynonyms- breach
- break
- gap
- hole
- perforate
- pierce
verb to pass into or through by overcoming resistanceSynonyms- break
- enter
- penetrate
- perforate
- pierce
verb to cause to be no longer believed or valuedSynonyms- debunk
- deflate
- discredit
- explode
- shoot down
noun a small mark or hole made by a sharp, pointed objectSynonymsSynonyms for puncturenoun loss of air pressure in a tire when a hole is made by some sharp objectRelated Words- misadventure
- mischance
- mishap
noun a small hole made by a sharp objectRelated Wordsnoun the act of puncturing or perforatingRelated Words- activity
- centesis
- perforation
- pricking
- prick
- venipuncture
verb pierce with a pointed objectRelated Wordsverb make by piercingRelated Wordsverb reduce or lessen the size or importance ofSynonymsRelated Words- depreciate
- vilipend
- deprecate
verb cause to lose air pressure or collapse by piercingRelated Words- depressurise
- depressurize
- decompress
verb be pierced or puncturedRelated Words- come apart
- break
- split up
- fall apart
- separate
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