transamination

trans·am·i·na·tion

T0314000 (trăns-ăm′ə-nā′shən, trănz-)n.1. Transfer of an amino group from one chemical compound to another.2. Transposition of an amino group within a chemical compound.

transamination

(ˌtrænzæmɪˈneɪʃən) n (Biochemistry) biochem a chemical reaction which causes the transfer of an amino acid to another acid, esp a keto acid

trans•am•i•na•tion

(trænsˌæm əˈneɪ ʃən, trænz-)

n. the transfer of an amino group from one compound to another. [< French (1938); see trans-, amino, -ation]

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	transamination - the process of transposing an amino group within a chemical compoundchemical action, chemical change, chemical process - (chemistry) any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved
	2.	transamination - the process of transfering an amino group from one compound to anotherchemical action, chemical change, chemical process - (chemistry) any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved

Transamination

The transfer of an amino group from one molecule to another without the intermediate formation of ammonia. Enzymatic reactions of this type play a prominent role in the formation and ultimate breakdown of amino acids by living organisms. Enzymes that catalyze such reactions are widely distributed and are termed transaminases, or amino-transferases. Perhaps the most prominent transamination reactions in higher animals are those in which glutamate is formed from α-ketoglutarate and other amino acids. See Protein metabolism

Transamination

a reversible transfer of an amino group (—NH₂) from amino acids or amines to keto acids:

The enzymatic transamination reaction, which was discovered in 1937 by the Soviet biochemists A. E. Braunshtein and M. G. Kritsman, is an important link in the process of synthesis and deamination of many amino acids in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Most natural amino acids are synthesized in tissues by the transfer of an NH₂ group from glutamic acid, the initial product of nitrogen assimilation, to various keto acids. By permitting rapid interconversion of the various amino and keto acids, the transamination reaction plays an important role in the regulation and coordination of the metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates.

The enzymes for transamination, transaminases, are found in all living cells. There are more than 55 known transaminases, which catalyze the transamination of all the known natural amino acids and a number of biogenic amines. The coenzyme of transaminases is a derivative of vitamin B₆, pyridoxal phosphate, which acts to transfer NH₂ groups (for a discussion of the mechanism of transamination, see). A sharp increase in the content of some transaminases in the blood plasma of ill individuals is indicative of damage to the liver (hepatitis), the heart (myocardial infarction), or the muscles (trauma and myodystrophic diseases).

REFERENCES

Braunshtein, A. E., and M. M. Shemiakin. “Teoriia protsessov aminokislotnogo obmena, kataliziruemykh piridoksalevymi enzimami.” Biokhimiia, 1953, vol. 18, no. 4.
Meister, A. Biokhimiia aminokislot. Moscow, 1961. (Translated from English.)
The Enzymes, vol. 9. New York, 1973.

IU. M. TORCHINSKII

transamination

[tran‚sam·ə′nā·shən] (chemistry) The transfer of one or more amino groups from one compound to another. The transposition of an amino group within a single compound.

transamination

[trans″am-ĭ-na´shun] the reversible exchange of amino groups between different amino acids.

trans·am·i·na·tion

(trans'am-i-nā'shŭn), The reaction between an amino acid and an α-keto acid through which the amino group is transferred from the former to the latter; in certain cases the reaction may be between an amino acid and an aldehyde (for example, glutamate with glutamate semialdehyde via ornithine transaminase).

transamination

(trăns-ăm′ə-nā′shən, trănz-)n.1. Transfer of an amino group from one chemical compound to another.2. Transposition of an amino group within a chemical compound.

transamination

Chemistry
A biochemical reaction in which an amino group is transferred from an amino acid—which becomes an alpha-keto acid upon losing the amino group—to an alpha-keto acid—which becomes an amino acid once it gains the transferred amino group.

Medspeak
A near-extinct term for:
(1) Resuscitation of a stillborn infant;
(2) Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

trans·am·i·na·tion

(tranz'am-i-nā'shŭn) The reaction between an amino acid and an α-keto acid through which the amino group is transferred from the former to the latter.

transamination

The reaction in which the amino group of an amino acid is transferred to a ketoacid, converting it into an amino acid.

Fig. 300 Transamination . The transfer of an amino group to form a different amino acid.

transamination

the process by which amino groups are transferred from one AMINO ACID to form another, using a keto acid as an intermediary. The mechanism takes place in the liver, and is important in the breakdown of excess amino acids to form keto acids and in the formation of new amino acids (perhaps not available in the diet) from keto acids. An example is shown in Fig. 300. ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS cannot be produced by transamination.

trans·am·i·na·tion

(tranz'am-i-nā'shŭn) The reaction between an amino acid and an α-keto acid through which the amino group is transferred from the former to the latter.

transamination

Related to transamination: deamination, Oxidative deamination

noun

Words related to transamination

noun the process of transposing an amino group within a chemical compound

Related Words

chemical action
chemical change
chemical process

noun the process of transfering an amino group from one compound to another

Related Words

chemical action
chemical change
chemical process