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单词 physiognomy
释义

physiognomy


phys·i·og·no·my

P0277900 (fĭz′ē-ŏg′nə-mē, -ŏn′ə-mē)n. pl. phys·i·og·no·mies 1. Facial features.2. a. The art of judging human character from facial features.b. Divination based on facial features.3. Aspect and character of an inanimate or abstract entity: the physiognomy of New England.
[Middle English phisonomie, from Old French phisionomie, from Late Latin physiognōmia, from Greek phusiognōmiā, variant of phusiognōmoniā : phusio-, physio- + gnōmōn, gnōmon-, interpreter; see gnō- in Indo-European roots.]
phys′i·og·nom′ic (-ŏg-nŏm′ĭk, -ə-nŏm′ĭk), phys′i·og·nom′i·cal (-ĭ-kəl) adj.phys′i·og·nom′i·cal·ly adv.phys′i·og′no·mist n.

physiognomy

(ˌfɪzɪˈɒnəmɪ) n1. a person's features or characteristic expression considered as an indication of personality2. the art or practice of judging character from facial features3. the outward appearance of something, esp the physical characteristics of a geographical region[C14: from Old French phisonomie, via Medieval Latin, from Late Greek phusiognōmia, erroneous for Greek phusiognōmonia, from phusis nature + gnōmōn judge] physiognomic, ˌphysiogˈnomical adj ˌphysiogˈnomically adv ˌphysiˈognomist n

phys•i•og•no•my

(ˌfɪz iˈɒg nə mi, -ˈɒn ə mi)

n., pl. -mies. 1. the face or countenance, esp. when considered as an index to the character. 2. the art of determining character or personal characteristics from the form or features of the body, esp. of the face. [1350–1400; Middle English fis(e)namie, fisnomie < Middle French fisonomie < Medieval Latin phys(i)onomia < Late Greek physiognōmía, Greek physiognōmonía art of judging people by their features; see physio-, gnomon, -y3] phys`i•og•nom′ic (-ɒgˈnɒm ɪk, əˈnɒm-) phys`i•og•nom′i•cal, adj. phys`i•og•nom′i•cal•ly, adv.

physiognomy, physiognomics

1. the art of determining character or personal qualities from the features or form of the body, especially the face.
2. divination by examining the features of a face. — physiognomist, n. — physiognomic, physiognomical, adj.
See also: Facial Features

physiognomy

Character analysis using facial features.
Thesaurus
Noun1.physiognomy - the human face (`kisser' and `smiler' and `mug' are informal terms for `face' and `phiz' is British)physiognomy - the human face (`kisser' and `smiler' and `mug' are informal terms for `face' and `phiz' is British)visage, kisser, phiz, smiler, mug, countenancehuman head - the head of a human beingface, human face - the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear; "he washed his face"; "I wish I had seen the look on his face when he got the news"pudding face, pudding-face - a large fat human facecolloquialism - a colloquial expression; characteristic of spoken or written communication that seeks to imitate informal speechBritain, Great Britain, U.K., UK, United Kingdom, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland - a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; `Great Britain' is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom

physiognomy

noun face, features, look, clock (Brit. slang), dial (Brit. slang), countenance, visage, phiz (slang), phizog (slang) his thick black hair and bony Irish physiognomy

physiognomy

nounAn outward appearance:aspect, countenance, face, look, surface, visage.
Translations
fisionomiafisionomia

Physiognomy


physiognomy

[‚fiz·ē′äg·nə·mē] (psychology) The prediction of personality functioning from facial appearances and expression.

Physiognomy

 

in the science of antiquity and of certain later periods, the study of the direct connection between the outward appearance and character of a person or an animal.

Physiognomy is rooted in the ancient practice of incorporating experience of life into folklore and the lore of sorcerers, fortune tellers, and the like. Physiognomic observations became part of the cultures of the ancient East; in the classical era they were systematized in the same way as other scientific disciplines of the time. Proportions of the face and body, characteristic gestures and facial expressions, and types of posture, build, and carriage of the body were described and classified.

In antiquity physiognomy was associated with the theory of temperaments and with Hippocrates’ theory of the dependence of an individual’s or a people’s physical and mental makeup on climate. Physiognomy was also related to the system of moral types (“characters”) worked out by Theophrastus and other students of Aristotle and to the use of types in classical literature, as exemplified by the character masks in New Comedy and the techniques of verbal portraiture in classical rhetoric, historiography, and biography.

Physiognomy was based on the notion prevalent in antiquity that the actions and behavior of every person are rigidly determined by his inborn character. According to Heraclitus, a person’s character was his “demon,” that is, his fate; similar statements were made by Epicharmus, Democritus, and Plato. It was believed that every person’s association with a moral type was just as clear and obvious, just as tangible and biological, as his physical features.

The classical tradition of physiognomy was reflected in the culture of Byzantium and of medieval Western Europe; it had a particularly strong influence on Arab science and on the cabala of Jewish mysticism. Some Western European scientists, for example, G. della Porta in De humana physiognomonia (1586), resumed the study of physiognomy between the 16th and 18th centuries. However, the establishment of new scientific criteria in the 17th and 18th centuries relegated physiognomy to the realms of common sense and artistic intuition. In his Physiognomical Fragments (1775–78), J. K. Lavater failed in an attempt to restore physiognomy to the status of a science. Similar attempts by such epigones of German romanticism as R. Kassner and L. Klages also failed to achieve acceptance. Klages’ graphology and characterology may be mentioned in this connection.

REFERENCES

Scriptores physiognomonici graeci et latini, vols. 1–2. Edited by R. Foerster. Leipzig, 1893.
Evans, E. C. Physiognomies in the Ancient World. Philadelphia, 1969.

S. S. AVERINTSEV

physiognomy


physiognomy

 [fiz″e-og´no-me] 1. facial expression and appearance as a means of diagnosis.2. the attempt to determine temperament and character on the basis of facial features.

phys·i·og·no·my

(fiz'ē-og'nō-mē), 1. The physical appearance of one's face, countenance, or habitus, especially regarded as an indication of character. 2. Estimation of one's character and mental qualities by a study of the face and other external bodily features. [physio- + G. gnōmōn, a judge]

physiognomy

(fĭz′ē-ŏg′nə-mē, -ŏn′ə-mē)n. pl. physiogno·mies Facial features.
phys′i·og·nom′ic (-ŏg-nŏm′ĭk, -ə-nŏm′ĭk), phys′i·og·nom′i·cal (-ĭ-kəl) adj.phys′i·og·nom′i·cal·ly adv.phys′i·og′no·mist n.
History of psychiatry The formal study of the human face; for a brief period after C Lombroso’s publication of L’Uomo Delinquente (1876), certain facial and other physical features were used to classify criminals—e.g., small restless eyes were thought to be typical of thieves, or bright eyes and cracked voices of sex criminals
Quackery A pseudodiagnostic technique based on the belief that personality and emotions can be deciphered by evaluating facial features or lines on the body

phys·i·og·no·my

(fiz'ē-og'nŏ-mē) 1. The physical appearance of one's face, countenance, or habitus, especially regarded as an indication of character. 2. Estimation of one's character and mental qualities by a study of the face and other external bodily features. [physio- + G. gnōmōn, a judge]

phys·i·og·no·my

(fiz'ē-og'nǒ-mē) Physical appearance of one's face, countenance, or habitus, especially regarded as an indication of character. [physio- + G. gnōmōn, a judge]

physiognomy


  • noun

Synonyms for physiognomy

noun face

Synonyms

  • face
  • features
  • look
  • clock
  • dial
  • countenance
  • visage
  • phiz
  • phizog

Synonyms for physiognomy

noun an outward appearance

Synonyms

  • aspect
  • countenance
  • face
  • look
  • surface
  • visage

Synonyms for physiognomy

noun the human face ('kisser' and 'smiler' and 'mug' are informal terms for 'face' and 'phiz' is British)

Synonyms

  • visage
  • kisser
  • phiz
  • smiler
  • mug
  • countenance

Related Words

  • human head
  • face
  • human face
  • pudding face
  • pudding-face
  • colloquialism
  • Britain
  • Great Britain
  • U.K.
  • UK
  • United Kingdom
  • United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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