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单词 sorghum
释义

sorghum


sor·ghum

S0570100 (sôr′gəm)n.1. A cultivated grass (Sorghum bicolor) native to sub-Saharan Africa, several varieties of which are widely grown for their grain, as forage, or as a source of syrup.2. Syrup made from the juice of this plant.
[New Latin Sorghum, genus name, from Italian sorgo, a tall cereal grass, probably from Medieval Latin surgum, perhaps variant of Vulgar Latin *syricum, from neuter of Latin Syricus, Syrian, from Syria, Syria.]

sorghum

(ˈsɔːɡəm) n (Plants) any grass of the Old World genus Sorghum, having solid stems, large flower heads, and glossy seeds: cultivated for grain, hay, and as a source of syrup. See also durra[C16: from New Latin, from Italian sorgo, probably from Vulgar Latin Syricum grānum (unattested) Syrian grain]

sor•ghum

(ˈsɔr gəm)

n. 1. any cereal grass of the genus Sorghum, having broad leaves and a tall stem bearing grain in a dense terminal cluster. 2. the syrup made from sorgo. [1590–1600; < New Latin < Italian sorgo < Vulgar Latin*suricum (grānum) Syrian (grain)]

Sorghum

The syrup made from boiling down sweet sorghum cane juice (i.e. the syrup also known as Molasses).
Thesaurus
Noun1.Sorghum - economically important Old World tropical cereal grasssorghum - economically important Old World tropical cereal grassmillet - any of various small-grained annual cereal and forage grasses of the genera Panicum, Echinochloa, Setaria, Sorghum, and Eleusinegenus Sorghum, Sorghum - annual or perennial tropical and subtropical cereal grasses: sorghumgreat millet, kaffir, kaffir corn, kafir corn, Sorghum bicolor - important for human and animal food; growth habit and stem form similar to Indian corn but having sawtooth-edged leavesgrain sorghum - any of several sorghums cultivated primarily for grainsorgho, sorgo, sugar sorghum, sweet sorghum - any of several sorghums cultivated as a source of syrupAleppo grass, evergreen millet, Johnson grass, means grass, Sorghum halepense - tall perennial grass that spreads by creeping rhizomes and is grown for fodder; naturalized in southern United States where it is a serious pest on cultivated landbroomcorn, Sorghum vulgare technicum - tall grasses grown for the elongated stiff-branched panicle used for brooms and brushes
2.Sorghum - annual or perennial tropical and subtropical cereal grasses: sorghumgenus Sorghumliliopsid genus, monocot genus - genus of flowering plants having a single cotyledon (embryonic leaf) in the seedfamily Graminaceae, family Gramineae, family Poaceae, Graminaceae, Gramineae, grass family, Poaceae - the grasses: chiefly herbaceous but some woody plants including cereals; bamboo; reeds; sugar canesorghum - economically important Old World tropical cereal grass
3.sorghum - made from juice of sweet sorghumsorghum molassessirup, syrup - a thick sweet sticky liquid
Translations

sorghum


sorghum,

tall, coarse annual (Sorghum bicolor) of the family Poaceae (grassgrass,
any plant of the family Poaceae (formerly Gramineae), an important and widely distributed group of vascular plants, having an extraordinary range of adaptation. Numbering approximately 600 genera and 9,000 species, the grasses form the climax vegetation (see ecology) in
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 family), somewhat similar in appearance to corncorn,
in botany. The name corn is given to the leading cereal crop of any major region. In England corn means wheat; in Scotland and Ireland, oats. The grain called corn in the United States is Indian corn or maize (Zea mays mays).
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 (but having the grain in a panicle rather than an ear) and used for much the same purposes. Probably indigenous to Africa, it is one of the longest-cultivated plants of warm regions there and also in Asia—especially in India and China. Because of its extreme drought resistance (because of the unusually extensive branching root system) and its ability to withstand hotter climates than corn, sorghum has been introduced to the United States and other regions.

The innumerable varieties are generally classified as the sweet sorghums or sorgos, yielding sorghum syrups and molassesmolasses,
sugar byproduct, the brownish liquid residue left after heat crystallization of sucrose (commercial sugar) in the process of refining. Molasses contains chiefly the uncrystallizable sugars as well as some remnant sucrose.
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 from the cane juice; the broomcorns, yielding a fiber from the inflorescence that is used for making brooms; the grass sorghums (e.g., Sudan grass), used for pasture and hay; and the grain sorghums, e.g., durra, feterita, kaffir or kaffir corn, kaoliang, milo or milo maize, and shallu. Some varieties are perennials. The pulverized grain is used for stock and poultry feeds and, in the Old World, for food. Sorghums also provide cover crops and green manures, grain substitutes for many industrial processes that employ corn, and fuel and weaving material from the stems.

In the United States, sorghum is grown throughout the Great Plains area and in Arizona and California; about half the crop is used for forage and silage and half for feed grains. Only a small amount is grown for syrup, most of which is consumed locally. Johnson grass (S. halapense), a perennial native to the Mediterranean that is similar to Sudan grass, is naturalized in the United States, especially in the Southwest. It is a noxious weed in cultivated fields but is also used as a forage crop.

Sorghum is classified in the division MagnoliophytaMagnoliophyta
, division of the plant kingdom consisting of those organisms commonly called the flowering plants, or angiosperms. The angiosperms have leaves, stems, and roots, and vascular, or conducting, tissue (xylem and phloem).
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, class Liliopsida, order Cyperales, family Poaceae.

Bibliography

See bulletins of the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.

Sorghum

 

a genus of annual and perennial herbaceous plants of the family Gramineae. There are about 50 cultivated and wild species, distributed in Asia (predominantly in the southwest portion), Africa (equatorial and southern), South America, North America, Europe (in the south), and Australia.

The most commonly cultivated species are common sorghum (S. vulgare), S. sernuum, durra (S. durra), S. japonicum, kafir (S. caffrorum), feterita (5. caudatum), S. dochna, sorgo (5. saccharatum), broomcorn (S. technicum), and sudan grass (S. sudanense). Johnson grass (5. halepense), a weed and fodder plant, is common, as are hybrids of 5. vulgare and S. halepense and of S. vulgare and 5. sudanense.

Sorghum, which resembles corn in appearance, has a strong root system that reaches depths of 2–2.5 m. The erect stem ranges in height from 0.5 (in dwarf forms) to 7 m (in tropical forms). Upon maturation the stem is dry (in most varieties of 5. dochna and broomcorn) or fleshy (in sorgo). S. dochna has several stems. The leaf blade is lanceolate and sharp at the edges. The inflorescence is an erect, spreading, drooping or curved panicle, which generally measures 10–70 cm in length. The tunicate or naked grain is usually oval or ovate; its coloring is white, pink, red, or yellow. One thousand seeds weigh 5–32 g.

Sorghum grows well in a variety of soils and under various climatic conditions. It is thermophile, drought resistant, and salt tolerant.

Sorghum is grown for grain and forage. It also has industrial uses. The seed, which contains 61–68 percent starch, 7.8–16.7 percent protein, and 1.7–6.5 percent fat, is used in the production of flour, groats, alcohol, and starch. Sorgo stems contain up to 18 percent sugar and are used in the production of molasses (sorghum syrup). The grain and green mass are often fed to livestock. Sorghum straw is used in the manufacture of paper, cardboard, basketry, and brooms; it is also used to cover roofs, for fuel, and for fences. The dry stems of certain species yield a red dye for leather. The young plants of many species are poisonous.

Sorghum is native to equatorial Africa; India and China are considered to be the plant’s secondary centers of origin. Sorghum has been grown in India since the third millennium B.C. and in China and Egypt since the second millennium B.C. Its cultivation was introduced into Europe in the 15th century and into the Americas in the 17th century. Sorghum has been cultivated for centuries in what is now Middle Asia and the Soviet Far East; it was first grown in southern European Russia only in the 19th century.

Worldwide plantings of sorghum totaled 27.1 million hectares (ha) in 1948–52, 34.2 million ha in 1961–65, 37.3 million ha in 1970, and 39.8 million ha in 1973 (16.0 million ha in India, 5.5 million ha in the USA, 5.1 million ha in Nigeria). In 1973 the gross harvest of grain was 48 million tons (4.5 million tons in India, 20.9 million tons in the USA, and 4.0 million tons in Nigeria), and the average harvest was 12.3 quintals per ha.

In the USSR sorghum, principally S. sernuum and 5. saccharatum, is grown on small areas in Middle Asia, Kazakhstan, the Volga region, the southern Ukraine, and Moldavia. On the best farms the yield of grain is 25–30 quintals per ha, and the yield of green mass is 300–400 quintals per ha. The best varieties and hybrids are Stepnoi 5, Katty-bash mestnoe, Kubanskoe kras-noe 1677, Kormovoi 5, and Oranzhevoe 160.

Sorghum is a row crop. It is used in after-harvest, after-mowing, and mixed plantings. It responds well to fertilization with 90–120 kg/ha NPK; sorgo grows well in soils treated with manure (40 tons/ha). The seeds are sown in broad rows, with 60–70 cm between rows. One hectare of land can support 40,000 to 120,000 plants. Sorghum is harvested at complete maturity for grain, during the period of wax ripeness for silage, and at the onset of panicle shedding for green feed. Insect pests include aphids, wire-worms, owlet moths, and European cornborers; diseases include covered smut, loose smut, stem rot, root rot, and bacterioses.

REFERENCES

Demidenko, B. G. Sorgo. Moscow, 1957.
Shekun, G. M. Kul’tura sorgo v SSSR i ee biologicheskie osobennosti. Moscow, 1964.
Iakushevskii, E. S. “Mirovoe sortovoe raznoobrazie sorgo i puti ego selektsionnogo ispol’zovaniia v SSSR.” In the collection Sorgo v iuzhnykh i iugo-vostochnykh raionakh. Moscow, 1967.
Zhukovskii, P. M. Kul’turnye rasteniia i ikh sorodichi, 3rd ed. Leningrad, 1971.

N. S. KALASHNIK

sorghum

[′sȯr·gəm] (botany) Any of a variety of widely cultivated grasses, especially Sorghum bicolor in the United States, grown for grain and herbage; growth habit and stem form are similar to Indian corn, but leaf margins are serrate and spikelets occur in pairs on a hairy rachis.

sorghum

any grass of the Old World genus Sorghum, having solid stems, large flower heads, and glossy seeds: cultivated for grain, hay, and as a source of syrup

sorghum


Related to sorghum: sorghum beer, Sorghum syrup
  • noun

Words related to sorghum

noun economically important Old World tropical cereal grass

Related Words

  • millet
  • genus Sorghum
  • Sorghum
  • great millet
  • kaffir
  • kaffir corn
  • kafir corn
  • Sorghum bicolor
  • grain sorghum
  • sorgho
  • sorgo
  • sugar sorghum
  • sweet sorghum
  • Aleppo grass
  • evergreen millet
  • Johnson grass
  • means grass
  • Sorghum halepense
  • broomcorn
  • Sorghum vulgare technicum

noun annual or perennial tropical and subtropical cereal grasses: sorghum

Synonyms

  • genus Sorghum

Related Words

  • liliopsid genus
  • monocot genus
  • family Graminaceae
  • family Gramineae
  • family Poaceae
  • Graminaceae
  • Gramineae
  • grass family
  • Poaceae
  • sorghum

noun made from juice of sweet sorghum

Synonyms

  • sorghum molasses

Related Words

  • sirup
  • syrup
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