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单词 vocabulary
释义

vocabulary


vo·cab·u·lar·y

V0134800 (vō-kăb′yə-lĕr′ē)n. pl. vo·cab·u·lar·ies 1. All the words of a language.2. The sum of words used by, understood by, or at the command of a particular person or group.3. A list of words and often phrases, usually arranged alphabetically and defined or translated; a lexicon or glossary.4. A supply of expressive means; a repertoire of communication: a dancer's vocabulary of movement.
[French vocabulaire, from Old French, from Medieval Latin vocābulārium, from neuter of vocābulārius, of words, from Latin vocābulum, name; see vocable.]

vocabulary

(vəˈkæbjʊlərɪ) n, pl -laries1. (Linguistics) a listing, either selective or exhaustive, containing the words and phrases of a language, with meanings or translations into another language; glossary2. (Linguistics) the aggregate of words in the use or comprehension of a specified person, class, profession, etc3. (Linguistics) all the words contained in a language4. a range or system of symbols, qualities, or techniques constituting a means of communication or expression, as any of the arts or crafts: a wide vocabulary of textures and colours. [C16: from Medieval Latin vocābulārium, from vocābulārius concerning words, from Latin vocābulum vocable]

vo•cab•u•lar•y

(voʊˈkæb yəˌlɛr i)

n., pl. -lar•ies. 1. the stock of words used by or known to a particular person or group. 2. a list or collection of words and often phrases, usu. arranged in alphabetical order and defined. 3. the words of a language. 4. any collection of signs or symbols constituting a means or system of nonverbal communication. 5. the set of forms, techniques, or other means of expression available to or characteristic of an artist, art form, etc. [1525–35; < Medieval Latin vocābulārium, n. use of neuter of vocābulārius of words = Latin vocābul(um) vocable + -ārius -ary] vo•cab′u•lar`ied, adj.

Vocabulary

 a collection or list of words, 1532.Examples: vocabulary of arms, 1862; of new denominations, 1821; of dishes, 1825; a vocabulary to the understanding, 1662.

vocabulary

All of the words and phrases used in a language or by a person, or a listing of some of these.
Thesaurus
Noun1.vocabulary - a listing of the words used in some enterprisevocabulary - a listing of the words used in some enterprisewordbook - a reference book containing words (usually with their meanings)
2.vocabulary - a language user's knowledge of wordsvocabulary - a language user's knowledge of wordslexicon, mental lexiconcognition, knowledge, noesis - the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoninglanguage, speech - the mental faculty or power of vocal communication; "language sets homo sapiens apart from all other animals"
3.vocabulary - the system of techniques or symbols serving as a means of expression (as in arts or crafts); "he introduced a wide vocabulary of techniques"artistic creation, artistic production, art - the creation of beautiful or significant things; "art does not need to be innovative to be good"; "I was never any good at art"; "he said that architecture is the art of wasting space beautifully"frame of reference, frame - a system of assumptions and standards that sanction behavior and give it meaning

vocabulary

noun1. language, words, lexicon, word stock, word hoard Children need to read to improve their vocabularies.2. wordbook, dictionary, glossary, lexicon I could not find this word in my small Italian-English vocabulary.

vocabulary

noun1. All the words of a language:lexicon, word-hoard.2. An alphabetical list of words often defined or translated:dictionary, glossary, lexicon, wordbook.3. Specialized expressions indigenous to a particular field, subject, trade, or subculture:argot, cant, dialect, idiom, jargon, language, lexicon, lingo, patois, terminology, vernacular.
Translations
词汇词汇表词汇量词语语汇

vocabulary

(vəˈkӕbjuləri) plural voˈcabularies noun1. words in general. This book contains some difficult vocabulary. 字彙 词汇2. (the stock of) words known and used eg by one person, or within a particular trade or profession. He has a vocabulary of about 20,000 words; the specialized vocabulary of nuclear physics. 字彙量 词语,词汇量 3. a list of words in alphabetical order with meanings eg added as a supplement to a book dealing with a particular subject. This edition of Shakespeare's plays has a good vocabulary at the back. 字彙表 词汇表

vocabulary

词汇zhCN

Vocabulary


Vocabulary

 

all the words (the lexicon) of a language, including neologisms, dialect and slang words, and terminology. A vocabulary’s scope and composition depend on the nature and level of the speaker’s economic, social, and cultural life. A vocabulary is an organized system in which words are united or contrasted through various relationships of content, as exemplified by synonyms, homonyms, antonyms, and semantic fields.

Words in frequent and wide use constitute the active vocabulary, and specialized or rarely used words (archaisms, neologisms, and terminology) constitute the passive vocabulary. The boundaries between the active and passive vocabulary are not fixed, and over a language’s course of development words shift from one group to the other. Examples are Russian proshenie (“petition”), prisluga (“maidservant”), guverner (“tutor”), and gorodovoi (“policeman”), which have passed from the active to the passive vocabulary.

Certain words are actively used by all speakers of a language over a lengthy period of history, for example, names of parts of the body or natural phenomena, terms related to kinship, and words designating basic activities, traits, and qualities. Such words are termed the basic vocabulary and are subject to the fewest changes. Frequency dictionaries indicate the relationship between the active and passive vocabulary at a given stage of development, generally within the limits of certain styles, genres, or types of speech.

As society develops, vocabularies continually expand owing to the formation of words through derivation and the assimilation of borrowings. During various epochs words from Scandinavian, Finnish, Turkic, Church Slavonic, Greek, and later from Latin and the Romance and Germanic languages entered the Russian vocabulary, whose base consists of Common Slavic and native Russian words. The vocabulary of German has absorbed words from Latin, French, Italian, English, and several other languages. These layers of borrowed words within a language’s vocabulary reflect the cultural and historical ties between peoples and constitute a proof—sometimes the only proof—of contacts among ancient peoples. Vocabularies are recorded, although not completely, in dictionaries.

REFERENCES

Ozhegov, S. I. “K voprosu ob izmeneniiakh slovarnogo sostava russkogo iazyka v sovetskuiu epokhu.” Voprosy iazykoznaniia, 1953, no. 2.
Borovoi, L. Ia. Put’slova, 2nd ed. Moscow, 1963.
Iakubovich, T. D. Novyeslova. Moscow-Leningrad, 1966.
Ufimtseva, A. A. Slovo v leksiko-semanticheskoi sisteme iazyka. Moscow, 1968.

vocabulary


vocabulary

 [vo-kab´u-lar″e] a list of words and terms, sometimes accompanied by definitions or translations.controlled vocabulary an artificial language for the representation of attributes of entities, e.g., subjects of documents.standardized vocabulary language (def. 3).

vocabulary

The totality of terms that function in general reference to concepts that apply over various languages.

vocabulary

The body of words used in a particular language. See Controlled vocabulary.
See VOCAB
See VOC

vocabulary


Related to vocabulary: vocabulary test, English vocabulary
  • noun

Synonyms for vocabulary

noun language

Synonyms

  • language
  • words
  • lexicon
  • word stock
  • word hoard

noun wordbook

Synonyms

  • wordbook
  • dictionary
  • glossary
  • lexicon

Synonyms for vocabulary

noun all the words of a language

Synonyms

  • lexicon
  • word-hoard

noun an alphabetical list of words often defined or translated

Synonyms

  • dictionary
  • glossary
  • lexicon
  • wordbook

noun specialized expressions indigenous to a particular field, subject, trade, or subculture

Synonyms

  • argot
  • cant
  • dialect
  • idiom
  • jargon
  • language
  • lexicon
  • lingo
  • patois
  • terminology
  • vernacular

Synonyms for vocabulary

noun a listing of the words used in some enterprise

Related Words

  • wordbook

noun a language user's knowledge of words

Synonyms

  • lexicon
  • mental lexicon

Related Words

  • cognition
  • knowledge
  • noesis
  • language
  • speech

noun the system of techniques or symbols serving as a means of expression (as in arts or crafts)

Related Words

  • artistic creation
  • artistic production
  • art
  • frame of reference
  • frame
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