Vaux, Roberts

Vaux, Roberts

(1786–1836) penology reformer, philanthropist; born in Philadelphia. A Quaker, he made his fortune as a merchant before retiring about 1814 to devote himself to social reforms. He helped found Philadelphia's free public school system, the Eastern Penitentiary, the Frankford Asylum, institutions for the blind and deaf, the Linnaean Society, Franklin Institute, the Athenaeum, and others. He advocated temperance but his most important work was in improving the prison system. In the last months of his life he served as justice of the Court of Common Pleas.