Taylor, Richard Edward

Taylor, Richard Edward,

1930–2018, Canadian experimental physicist. He was associated primarily with Stanford, where he received his doctorate (1962) and helped build and then worked—first (1962) as an experimental physicist, then (1968) as a professor and (2003) emeritus professor—at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. In 1990 Taylor shared Nobel Prize in Physics with Jerome FriedmanFriedman, Jerome Isaac
, 1930–, American physicist, b. Chicago, Ph.D. Univ. of Chicago, 1956. A professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Friedman won the 1990 Nobel Prize in Physics with Richard E. Taylor and Henry W.
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 and Henry W. KendallKendall, Henry Way,
1926–99, American physicist. A professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Kendall won the 1990 Nobel Prize in Physics with Jerome Friedman and Richard Taylor for a series of experiments (1967–73) that showed that the fundamental
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 for a series of experiments (1967–73) that showed that protons and neutrons are not fundamental particles of matter but are composed of smaller particles known as quarks. This evidence allowed scientists to develop the Standard Model theory of matter, which states that all matter is made up of combinations of six quarks and six leptons that interact with the various types of force particles (see elementary particleselementary particles,
the most basic physical constituents of the universe. Basic Constituents of Matter

Molecules are built up from the atom, which is the basic unit of any chemical element. The atom in turn is made from the proton, neutron, and electron.
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). Among his later experiments was one that helped confirm (1978) the electroweak theoryelectroweak theory,
a unified field theory that describes two of the fundamental forces in nature, electromagnetism (see electromagnetic radiation) and the weak interaction.
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.