| 释义 |
tautology
tau·tol·o·gy T0061700 (tô-tŏl′ə-jē) n. pl. tau·tol·o·gies 1. a. Needless repetition of the same sense in different words; redundancy. b. An instance of such repetition. 2. Logic A statement composed of simpler statements in such a way that it is logically true whether the simpler statements are factually true or false; for example, the statement Either it will rain tomorrow or it will not rain tomorrow.
[Late Latin tautologia, from Greek tautologiā, from tautologos, redundant : tauto-, tauto- + logos, saying; see -logy.]
tau′to·log′i·cal (tôt′l-ŏj′ĭ-kəl), tau′to·log′ic (-ĭk), tau·tol′o·gous (-tŏl′ə-gəs) adj. tau′to·log′i·cal·ly, tau·tol′o·gous·ly adv. tautology (tɔːˈtɒlədʒɪ) n, pl -gies1. (Grammar) the use of words that merely repeat elements of the meaning already conveyed, as in the sentence Will these supplies be adequate enough? in place of Will these supplies be adequate?2. (Logic) logic a statement that is always true, esp a truth-functional expression that takes the value true for all combinations of values of its components, as in either the sun is out or the sun is not out. Compare inconsistency3, contingency5[C16: from Late Latin tautologia, from Greek, from tautologos] tautological, ˌtautoˈlogic, tauˈtologous adj ˌtautoˈlogically, tauˈtologously advtau•tol•o•gy (tɔˈtɒl ə dʒi)
n., pl. -gies. 1. needless repetition of an idea in different words, as in “widow woman.” 2. an instance of such repetition. 3. Logic. a compound proposition or propositional form all of whose instances are true, as “A or not A” or “The candidate will win or lose.” [1570–80; < Late Latin tautologia < Greek tautología. See tauto-, -logy] tau•to•log•i•cal (ˌtɔt lˈɒdʒ ɪ kəl) tau`to•log′ic, tau•tol′o•gous (-gəs) adj. tau`to•log′i•cal•ly, tau•tol′o•gous•ly, adv. tautologyneedless repetition of a concept in word or phrase; redundancy or pleonasm. Also tautologism. — tautologist, n. — tautological, tautologous, adj.See also: Languagetautologyunnecessary repetitionThesaurus| Noun | 1. | tautology - (logic) a statement that is necessarily true; "the statement `he is brave or he is not brave' is a tautology"logic - the branch of philosophy that analyzes inferencetrue statement, truth - a true statement; "he told the truth"; "he thought of answering with the truth but he knew they wouldn't believe it" | | 2. | tautology - useless repetition; "to say that something is `adequate enough' is a tautology"repetitiousness, repetitiveness - verboseness resulting from excessive repetitions |
tautologynoun repetition, redundancy, verbiage, iteration, verbosity, repetitiveness, prolixity, repetitiousness, pleonasm The tautology and circularity of this argument were swept aside.Translationstautology
tautology Logic a statement that is always true, esp a truth-functional expression that takes the value true for all combinations of values of its components, as in either the sun is out or the sun is not out Tautology (1) The repetition of the same word or of words close in meaning: also, an example of such repetition. Examples are iasnee iasnogo (“completely obvious”; literally, “clearer than clear”) and plachet, slezami zalivaetsia (“she weeps, dissolved in tears”). In poetic language, especially in oral folk poetry, tautology is used to intensify emotional effect. An example in the bylina (epic folk song) about Nightingale the Robber is Pod Chernigovom silushki chernym-cherno, I Chernym-cherno, chernei vorona (“Near Chernigov the troops looked black as could be [literally, ‘black-black’], / Black as could be, blacker than a raven”). Poets often use tautology and tautological rhymes; an example is Pushkin’s Vot na bereg vyshli gosti, / Tsar’ Saltan zovet ikh v gosti (“The visitors disembarked, / Tsar Saltan invited them to visit”). A number of tautological word groups are widely used in colloquial speech, for example, tselikom i polnost’iu (“wholly and completely”), k segodniashnemu dniu (“by today”; literally, “by today’s day”) and den’-den’skoi (“the livelong day”). Unnecessary repetitions in speech sometimes testify to a speaker’s limited command of language. Tautology is a type of pleonasm. T. V. VENTTSEL’ (2) In logic, an extreme example of the logical fallacy of the unwarranted premise (Latin petitio principii), namely, the definition or proof of something by the same thing (Latin idem per idem). In two-valued classical logic the term “tautology,” like the term “law of logic,” refers to reliable, always true, or identically true formulas that remain constant in relation to their constituent variables, that is, in relation to the world’s actual state of affairs. In this type of logic, according to G. W. von Leibniz, tautologies are truths in all possible worlds, eternal truths, essential truths, and truths by virtue of the postulates of classical logic. An example of this type of tautology is the law of the excluded middle. In many-valued logic, a tautology is a formula which in any set from an accepted universal system of values for variables retains the same distinctive value. This type of tautology is used in proofs of independence. REFERENCESWittgenstein, L. Logiko-filosofskii traktat. Moscow, 1958. (Translated from German.)
Church, A. Vvedenie v matematicheskuiu logiku, vol. 1. Moscow, 1960. (Translated from English.)M. M. NOVOSELOV tautology (logic)A proposition which is always true.
Compare: paradox.
The Linguistic Smarandache Tautologies,.tautology
Synonyms for tautologynoun repetitionSynonyms- repetition
- redundancy
- verbiage
- iteration
- verbosity
- repetitiveness
- prolixity
- repetitiousness
- pleonasm
Words related to tautologynoun (logic) a statement that is necessarily trueRelated Wordsnoun useless repetitionRelated Words- repetitiousness
- repetitiveness
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