salt-free diet

diet

(di'et) [L. diaeta, fr Gr. diaita, way of living, diet] 1. Liquid and solid foods regularly consumed in normal living.2. A prescribed allowance of food adapted for a particular state of health or disease. Synonym: eating plan See: table 3. To eat or drink in accordance with prescribed rules.

acid-ash diet

A diet to acidify the urine. It contains acidic foods such as meat, fish, eggs, and cereals and is lacking in fruits, vegetables, cheese, and milk.

alkali-ash diet

A diet to produce an alkaline urine. It contains foods such as fruits, vegetables, and milk and is lacking in meat, fish, eggs, and cereals.

American Heart Association diet

Any diet for optimal cardiovascular health advocated by the American Heart Association (AHA). The AHA recommends meal plans that emphasize fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fish, but little sodium, fat, or sugar.

American Heart Association diet, Step II

A diet formerly recommended by the American Heart Association to effect large changes in serum lipids and body weight. It has been replaced by the therapeutic lifestyle changes diet.

anti-inflammatory diet

A diet consisting of fresh fruits and vegetables, fish oils, limited calories, few processed and refined foods, tea instead of coffee, a significant amount of fiber, and limited amounts of animal protein. Synonym: wellness diet

balanced diet

A diet adequate in energy-providing substances (carbohydrates and fats), tissue-building compounds (proteins), inorganic chemicals (water and mineral salts), agents that regulate or catalyze metabolic processes (vitamins), and substances for certain physiological processes, e.g., bulk for promoting peristaltic movements of the digestive tract.

bland diet

A diet to buffer gastric acidity by providing meals of palatable, nonirritating foods. The diet includes milk, cream, prepared cereals, gelatin, soup, rice, butter, crackers, eggs, lean meats, fish, cottage cheese, custards, tapioca, cookies, and plain cake. Multivitamins may be a necessary adjunct. Highly seasoned foods, fried foods, foods that are gas-producing, and most raw fruits and vegetables are avoided, as are drinks containing caffeine and alcohol. A bland diet may be indicated in treatment of gastritis, peptic ulcer, and hiatal hernia.

calorie reduction diet

Abbreviation: CRD
Reducing diet.

convalescent diet

A diet suitable for the condition from which the patient is recovering.

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet

Abbreviation: DASH diet
A diet proven to treat stage I hypertension, consisting of generous amounts of cereals, fruits, and vegetables (for fiber, vitamins, and minerals), low-fat dairy products, nuts, and lean meats (to maximize protein intake without too much saturated fat and cholesterol). Guidelines for a diet of 2000 calories daily include seven to eight servings of grains and grain products; four to five servings of vegetables; four to five servings of fruits; two to three servings of low-fat or nonfat dairy products; two or fewer servings of lean meats, proteins, and fish. The plan also permits four to five servings of nuts, seeds, and legumes per week. It is recommended that sodium intake be less than 3000 g/day. The complete diet provides more specific recommendations for sodium. Compared with the diet recommended in the Food Guide Pyramid, this diet contains more fruits and vegetables but less fat. See: table SOURCE: National Institutes of Health. September 1998; revised May 2003. Facts about the DASH Eating Plan. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/hbp/dash/new_dash.pdf

Food Group	Daily Servings	Serving Sizes	Examples and Notes	Significance of Each Food Group to the DASH Eating Plan
Grains and grain products	7–8	1 slice bread; 1 oz dry cereal; 1/2 C cooked rice, pasta, or cereal	Whole wheat bread, English muffin, pita bread, bagel, cereals, grits, oatmeal, crackers, unsalted pretzels and popcorn	Major sources of energy and fiber
Vegetables	4–5	1 C raw leafy vegetable, 1/2 C cooked vegetable; 6 oz vegetable juice	Tomatoes, potatoes, carrots, green peas, squash, broccoli, turnip greens, collards, kale, spinach, artichokes, green beans, lima beans, sweet potatoes	Rich sources of potassium, magnesium, and fiber
Fruits	4–5	6 oz fruit juice; 1 medium fruit; 1/4 C dried fruit; 1/2 C fresh, frozen, or canned fruit	Apricots, bananas, dates, grapes, oranges, orange juice, grapefruit, grapefruit juice, mangoes, melons, peaches, pineapples, prunes, raisins, strawberries, tangerines	Important sources of potassium, magnesium, and fiber
Lowfat or fat-free dairy foods	2–3	8 oz milk, 1 C yogurt, 1.5 oz cheese	Skim (fat-free) or 1% (low fat) milk, skim or low fat buttermilk, fat-free or low fat regular or frozen yogurt, low fat and fat-free cheese	Major sources of calcium and protein
Meats, poultry, and fish	2 or less	3 oz cooked meats, poultry, or fish	Select only lean; trim away visible fats; broil, roast, or boil, instead of frying; remove skin from poultry	Rich sources of protein and magnesium
Nuts, seeds, and dry beans	4–5/ week	1.5 oz or 1/3 C nuts, 1/2 oz or 2 tbsp seeds, 1/2 C dry beans	Almonds, filberts, mixed nuts, peanuts, walnuts, sunflower seeds, kidney beans, lentils	Rich sources of energy, magnesium, potassium, protein, and fiber
Fats and oils	2–3	1 tsp soft margarine, 1 Tbsp low fat mayonnaise, 1 tbsp regular salad dressing, 2 tbsp light salad dressing, 1 tsp vegetable oil	Soft margarine, low fat mayonnaise, light salad dressing, vegetable oil	DASH has 27% of calories as fat, including fat in or added to foods
Sweets	5/ week	1 tbsp sugar, 1 tbsp jelly or jam, 1/2 oz jelly beans, 8 oz lemonade	Maple syrup, sugar, jelly, jam, fruit-flavored gelatin, jelly beans, hard candy, fruit punch, sorbet, ices	Sweets should be low in fat

elemental diet

A diet of predigested liquid consisting of amino acids, vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, and glucose.

elimination diet

A method for assessing allergic responses to foods. To determine food allergies, foods suspected of causing problems are added one at a time to determine whether any of them causes an adverse reaction.

Eskimo diet

A traditional diet in which marine mammals (and their blubber) are consumed. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and appears to be protective against atherosclerosis, immune, and inflammatory diseases. Synonym: Inuit diet

evolution diet

A diet consisting of high fiber nutrients (with little sugar) taken in small portions throughout the day. It is thought to represent the observed eating habits of primates and of humans in the past.

Feingold diet

See: Feingold diet

fluid diet

Liquid diet.

gluten-free diet

A diet that excludes gluten by eliminating all products containing wheat, rye, or barley. Foods containing buckwheat, corn, oats, quinoa, and rice are generally thought to be well tolerated. Because gluten is present in many foods containing thickened sauces, the diet must be discussed with a dietitian. It is the basis of management for celiac disease. See: celiac sprue; sprue

high-calorie diet

A diet that contains more calories than normally required for a person's metabolic and energy needs and therefore places that person in positive energy balance. The diet should include three meals and between-meal snacks and exclude fermentable and bulky foods. A high-calorie diet may be used to prevent weight loss in wasting diseases, in high basal metabolism, and after a long illness; in deficiency caused by anorexia, poverty, and poor dietary habits; and during lactation (when an extra 1000 and 1200 kcal each day are indicated).

high-carbohydrate diet

An imprecise term for a conventional American eating plan, e.g., one outlined on the website: www.MyPyramid.gov. See: carbohydrate loading

high-cellulose diet

In veterinary medicine, a synonym for a diet high in fiber.

high-residue diet

A diet that contains considerable amounts of substances such as fiber or cellulose, which the human body is unable to metabolize and absorb. This diet is particularly useful in treating constipation and may be beneficial also in preventing certain diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Lay people may refer to a high-residue diet as one containing a lot of roughage. See: fiber

Inuit diet

Eskimo diet.

Kempner rice-fruit diet

See: Kempner rice-fruit diet

ketogenic diet

A high-fat, high-protein, controlled-carbohydrate diet, in which the body primarily metabolizes fats instead of glucose. It has been used to treat some forms of epilepsy and has been promoted as a weight-loss diet as well.

light diet

A diet consisting of all foods allowed in a soft diet, plus whole-grain cereals, easily digested raw fruits, and vegetables. Foods are not pureed or ground. This diet is used as an intermediate regimen for patients who do not require a soft diet but are not yet able to resume a full diet.

liquid diet

A diet for those unable to tolerate solid food or for patients whose gastrointestinal tract must be free of solid matter. This type of diet may contain coffee with hot milk, tea, water, milk in all forms, milk and cream mixtures, cocoa, strained cream soups, fruit juices, meat juices, beef bouillon, tea, clear broths, gruels, strained meat soups, and eggnog. Synonym: fluid diet

liquid protein diet

A severely calorically restricted diet, lacking carbohydrates, fats, and many minerals and vitamins.

CAUTION!

Its use has been associated on occasion with cardiac rhythm disturbances and sudden cardiac death.

low carbohydrate, hypocaloric diet

A diet that limits total calories usually to about 1200 calories per day and total carbohydrates to no more than about 25% of total calories. Although this diet does not create more weight loss than calorically restricted high-carbohydrate diets, it does reduce fasting levels of insulin and triglycerides and may be preferable for inactive or obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance.

low-fat diet

An imprecise term for a diet in which the percentage of calories derived from fatty foods is limited (usually to less than 30% of total calories).

low-protein diet

A diet that contains a limited amount of protein. The principal sources of food energy are fats and carbohydrates. This diet is used to treat end-stage renal and hepatic disease.

low-salt diet

Low-sodium diet.

low-sodium diet

A diet containing about 500 mg (approx. 10 mmol) of sodium daily. It is used occasionally to help manage hypertension, congestive heart failure, or renal failure. On this diet, table salt should not be added to food, and the salt content of commonly used beverages such as beer or soft drinks should be noted. To help regulate sodium consumption, sodium-containing medicines should be avoided. Synonym: low-salt diet; sodium-free dietsalt-free diet

macrobiotic diet

A diet consisting of vegetables and fish, advocated for the prevention and treatment of cancer. This diet is derived from the Japanese diet and features soy, rice, seaweed, pickled vegetables, and small amounts of fish. See: pescovegetarian

Mediterranean diet

A well-tolerated, palatable diet that mimics the traditional cuisine of Italy, Greece, and the islands of the Mediterranean Sea. It includes fish and other seafood, wine, and olive oil, and derives about 25% to 35% of its calories from fat, but the primary fat is olive oil, a monounsaturated fat. Additional healthy fats are supplied by grapeseed oil and fats in whole vegetables, nuts, and seeds.

minimum residue diet

A diet used for short periods to ensure a minimum of solid material in the intestinal tract. Foods allowed include one glass of milk per day, clear fluids and juices, lean meat, noodles, and refined cereals.

Minot-Murphy diet

See: Minot-Murphy diet

National Cholesterol Education Program Diet

Abbreviation: NCEP diet
A two-step approach designed to lower blood cholesterol in adults, children, and adolescents. It is similar to the Step I and Step II diets designed by the American Heart Association.

National Renal Diet

A diet designed by the American Dietetic Association (ADA) and the National Kidney Foundation for the treatment of kidney disease. It consists of six food planning systems based on the ADA Exchange Lists. The presence of diabetes and the use of peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis are considered.

nonlaxative diet

A low-residue diet containing boiled milk and toasted crackers. No strained oatmeal, vegetable juice, or fruit juice is given. Fats and concentrated sweets are restricted.

Paleolithic diet

A diet that mimics the food choices of modern hunter-gatherer societies or primitive human cultures. It includes nuts, fruits, vegetables, wild game, and fish and typically derives about 21% of its calories from fat. See: evolution diet.

peptide diet

A diet in which nitrogen content is provided as simple amino acids (or small strings linked by amino acids) rather than as intact proteins.

prudent diet

A diet to protect against heart disease, stroke, and other common diseases. It consists of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, fish, and low-fat dairy products rather than refined or processed foods, red meats, high concentrated sweets, eggs, and butter. A multistep approach decreases fat, cholesterol, and protein.

purine-restricted diet

A diet that limits purine and fats and encourages fluid intake; used to control the excessive levels of uric acid caused by gout. High purine foods include sweetbreads, anchovies, sardines, liver, beef kidneys, brains, and herring. Historically, gout was thought of as a disease of the wealthy, because only wealthy individuals could afford to eat such foods. It is now much more widespread, and its causes are known to be more diverse.

reducing diet

A diet to help people lose weight by restricting the number of calories and carefully balancing other nutrients. Synonym: calorie reduction diet

residue-free diet

A diet without cellulose or roughage. Semisolid and bland foods are included. Such diets are used to prepare the colon for barium enemas or colonoscopy and occasionally to help manage Crohn disease.

salt-free diet

Low-sodium diet.

sensory diet

Sensory integration therapy.

sodium-free diet

Low-sodium diet.

soft diet

A diet consisting of only soft or semisolid foods or liquids, including fish, eggs, cheese, chicken, cereals, bread, toast, and butter. Excluded are red meats, vegetables, or fruits having seeds or thick skins, cellulose, raw fruits, and salads.

therapeutic lifestyle changes diet

Abbreviation: TLC diet
A diet in which fat calories make up between 25% and 35% of total caloric intake; less than 7% of each day's total calories come from saturated fat; total cholesterol intake is less than 200 mg; and total calories are adjusted to achieve and sustain a healthy weight and serum cholesterol.

tyramine-free diet

A diet for patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Fermented foods, aged cheeses, wine, stimulants, and decongestants are eliminated to avoid a possible hyperadrenergic crisis from the combination of these drugs with tyramine-rich substances.

very low calorie diet

A commercially available diet in which caloric intake may be from 400 to 800 kcal/day. This diet is usually in the form of a powdered supplement taken 3 to 5 times a day with large amounts of water. This diet can be effective, but the long-range efficacy in maintaining the weight loss may be discouraging. Vitamins and minerals are typically added to this diet because the small number of macronutrients consumed are inadequate for daily needs.

weight reduction diet

A diet that reduces the caloric content enough to cause weight loss. Normal metabolism must be preserved, and bulk, mineral, protein, vitamin, and water requirements must be met. Weight will be reduced if the caloric dietary intake is less than the calories used in activity. To lose 1 pound of weight, one would need a caloric deficit of 3500 calories (the number of calories in one pound). Therefore, if one were to decrease food intake by 300 calories a day and exercise enough to burn 200 calories more than usual, in 7 days one will lose 1 pound.

wellness diet

Anti-inflammatory diet.

Western diet

A diet with inadequate fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, fish, and low-fat dairy products and excessive amounts of refined and processed foods, alcohol, salt, red meats, sugary beverages, snacks, eggs, and butter. The Western diet, which is low in potassium, high in sodium, fats, and simple carbohydrates, has been implicated in many diseases, including atherosclerosis, type II diabetes, hypertension, and obesity.

yo-yo diet

See: weight cycling

Condition	Consensus Recommendations
Celiac sprue	Avoid glutens, e.g., wheat, barley, and rye
Cholelithiasis	Avoid fatty foods
Cirrhosis	Limit sodium and protein intake; avoid alcohol and high-fat foods
Coronary artery disease	American Heart Association diets; limit saturated fats and trans fats; increase fiber
Congestive heart failure	Limit sodium
Diabetes mellitus	American Diabetic Association Diet, carbohydrate controlled, calorie restricted if overweight, limit saturated fats
Diverticulosis	Low-residue diet
Dysphagia	Special consistency diets as indicated by testing/tolerance
Esophagitis	Avoid alcohol, nonsteroidal drugs, tobacco; consume thick liquids
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)	Avoid caffeine, chocolates, mints, high-fat foods, acidic foods, alcohol, or late meals
Gout	Limit intake of alcohol, fructose, purines, and animal-based proteins
Hyperhomocysteinemia	Increase consumption of folates, vitamin B₁₂
Hyperlipidemias	National Cholesterol Education Program Diet with limited saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol; increase soluble fiber
Iron deficiency anemia	Iron supplements
Irritable bowel syndrome	Increase fiber content of meals, limit dairy products
Kidney stone formers	Liberal fluid intake
Nephrotic syndrome	Limit sodium intake
Obesity	Caloric restriction
Osteoporosis	Supplement calcium and vitamin D; limit alcohol and tobacco
Pernicious anemia	Supplement cyanocobalamin (vitamin B₁₂)
Renal failure	Limit sodium, potassium, protein, and fluids
Consensus recommendation	After the age of eight, dietary intake of calcium should equal about 1000–1300 mg daily

salt-free diet

salt-free diet

diet

acid-ash diet

alkali-ash diet

American Heart Association diet

American Heart Association diet, Step II

anti-inflammatory diet

balanced diet

bland diet

calorie reduction diet

convalescent diet

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet

elemental diet

elimination diet

Eskimo diet

evolution diet

Feingold diet

fluid diet

gluten-free diet

high-calorie diet

high-carbohydrate diet

high-cellulose diet

high-residue diet

Inuit diet

Kempner rice-fruit diet

ketogenic diet

light diet

liquid diet

liquid protein diet

CAUTION!

low carbohydrate, hypocaloric diet

low-fat diet

low-protein diet

low-salt diet

low-sodium diet

macrobiotic diet

Mediterranean diet

minimum residue diet

Minot-Murphy diet

National Cholesterol Education Program Diet

National Renal Diet

nonlaxative diet

Paleolithic diet

peptide diet

prudent diet

purine-restricted diet

reducing diet

residue-free diet

salt-free diet

sensory diet

sodium-free diet

soft diet

therapeutic lifestyle changes diet

tyramine-free diet

very low calorie diet

weight reduction diet

wellness diet

Western diet

yo-yo diet

salt-free diet

Synonyms for salt-free diet

noun a diet that limits the intake of salt (sodium chloride)

Synonyms

Related Words