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articles
ar·ti·cle A0445000 (är′tĭ-kəl)n.1. An individual thing or element of a class; a particular object or item: an article of clothing; articles of food.2. A particular section or item of a series in a written document, as in a contract, constitution, or treaty.3. A nonfictional literary composition that forms an independent part of a publication, as of a newspaper or magazine.4. Grammar a. The part of speech used to indicate nouns and to specify their application.b. Any of the words belonging to this part of speech. In English, the indefinite articles are a and an and the definite article is the.5. A particular part or subject; a specific matter or point.tr.v. ar·ti·cled, ar·ti·cling, ar·ti·cles To bind by articles set forth in a contract, such as one of apprenticeship.
[Middle English, from Old French, from Latin articulus, joint, article, diminutive of artus, joint (translation of Greek arthron, joint, article); see ar- in Indo-European roots.]articles (ˈɑːtɪkəlz) pl n1. (Law) legal training2. (Law) in articles obsolete formerly, undergoing training, according to the terms of a written contract, in the legal professionIdiomsSeearticleEncyclopediaSeeArticleArticles
ArticlesSeries or subdivisions of individual and distinct sections of a document, statute, or other writing, such as the Articles of Confederation. Codes or systems of rules created by written agreements of parties or by statute that establish standards of legally acceptable behavior in a business relationship, such as articles of incorporation or articles of partnership. Writings that embody contractual terms of agreements between parties. ARTICLES. A division in some books. In agreements and other writings, forthe sake of perspicuity, the subjects are divided into parts, paragraphs, orarticles. ARTICLES, chan. practice. An instrument in writing, filed by a party to aproceeding in chancery, containing reasons why a witness in the cause shouldbe discredited.
2. As to the matter which ought to be contained in these articles, LordEldon gave some general directions in the case of Carlos v. Brook, 10 Ves.49. "The court," says he, "attending with great caution to an application topermit any witness to be examined after publication, has held where theproposition was to examine a witness to credit, that the examination iseither to be confined to general credit; that is, by producing witnesses toswear, that the person is not to be believed upon his oath; or, if you findhim swearing to a matter, not to issue in the cause, (and therefore notthought material to the merits,) in that case, as the witness is notproduced to vary the case in evidence by, testimony that relates to mattersin issue, but is to speak only to the truth or want of veracity, with whicha witness had spoken to a fact not, in issue, there is no danger inpermitting him to state that such fact, not put in issue, is false and, forthe purpose of discrediting a witness, the court has not considered itselfat liberty to sanction such a proceeding as an examination to destroy thecredit of another witness, who had deposed only to points put in issue. InPurcell v. M'Namara, it was agreed that after publication it was competentto examine any witness to the point, whether he would believe that man uponhis oath. It is not competent, even at law, to ask the ground of thatopinion; but the general question only is permitted. In Purcell v. M'Namara,the witness went into the history of his whole life and as to his solvency,& c. It was not at all put at issue whether he had been insolvent, or hadcompounded with his creditors; but, having sworn the contrary, they provedby witnesses, that he, who had sworn to a, matter not in issue, had swornfalsely to that fact; and that he had been insolvent, and had compoundedwith his creditors; and it would be lamentable, if the court could not findmeans of getting at it; for he could not be indicted for perjury, thoughswearing falsely, the fact not being material. The rule is, in general casesthe cause is heard upon evidence given before publication; but that you mayexamine after publication, provided you examine to credit only, and do notgo to matters in issue in the cause, or in contradiction of them, underpretence of examining to credit only. Those depositions," he continued,"appear to me material to what is in issue in the cause; and therefore mustbe suppressed," See a form of articles in Gresl. Eq. Ev. 140, 141; and also8 Ves. 327; 9 Ves. 145; 1 S. & S. 469. ARTICLES, eccl. law. A complaint in the form of a libel, exhibited to anecclesiastical court. |