| 释义 |
tiring
tire 1 T0231500 (tīr)v. tired, tir·ing, tires v.intr.1. To lose energy or strength; grow weary: When you're sick, you tend to tire easily.2. To grow bored or impatient: The audience tired after the first 30 minutes of the movie.v.tr.1. To diminish the energy or strength; fatigue: The long walk tired me.2. To exhaust the interest or patience of.
[Middle English tiren, from Old English tēorian, tyrian; see deu- in Indo-European roots.]Synonyms: tire1, weary, fatigue, exhaust
These verbs mean to cause or undergo depletion of energy, strength, or interest. Tire often suggests a state resulting from exertion, excess, dullness, or ennui: "When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life" (Samuel Johnson).
Weary often implies dissatisfaction, as that resulting from what is irksome or boring: found the long journey wearying; soon wearied of their constant bickering. Fatigue implies great weariness, as that caused by stress or overwork: "fatigued by an endless rotation of thought and wild alarms" (Mary Wollstonecraft).
To exhaust means to wear out completely, and it connotes total draining of physical or emotional strength: "Like all people who try to exhaust a subject, he exhausted his listeners" (Oscar Wilde)."Following a similar 'tempest' he had ... actually apologized to me for his misbehavior ... Scenes such as I had just been a participant in fractured my spirit, exhausted me" (William Styron).
tire 2 T0231500 (tīr)n.1. A covering for a wheel, usually made of rubber reinforced with cords of nylon, fiberglass, or other material and filled with compressed air.2. A hoop of metal or rubber fitted around a wheel.
[Middle English, iron rim of a wheel, probably from tir, attire, short for atire, from attiren, to attire; see attire.]
tire 3 T0231500 (tīr) Archaic tr.v. tired, tir·ing, tires To adorn or attire.n.1. Attire.2. A headband or headdress.
[Middle English tiren, short for attiren, to attire; see attire.]tiresome tiring1. 'tiresome'You say that someone or something is tiresome when they make you feel annoyed, irritated, or bored. She can be a very tiresome child at times.I really came to ask you some rather tiresome questions.2. 'tiring'Something which is tiring makes you feel tired. We should have an early night after such a tiring day.Thesaurus| Adj. | 1. tiring - producing exhaustion; "an exhausting march"; "the visit was especially wearing"wearing, wearying, exhaustingeffortful - requiring great physical effort |
tiringadjective exhausting, demanding, wearing, tough, exacting, fatiguing, wearying, strenuous, arduous, laborious, enervative It had been a long and tiring day.tiringadjectiveCausing fatigue:draining, exhausting, fatiguing, wearing, wearying.Translationstire2 (ˈtaiə) verb to make, or become, physically or mentally in want of rest, because of lack of strength, patience, interest etc; to weary. Walking tired her; She tires easily. 疲勞 疲劳tired adjective1. wearied; exhausted. She was too tired to continue; a tired child. 疲勞的 疲劳的2. (with of) no longer interested in; bored with. I'm tired of (answering) stupid questions! 厭煩的 厌烦的ˈtiredness noun 厭煩，疲勞 厌烦，疲劳 ˈtireless adjective never becoming weary or exhausted; never resting. a tireless worker; tireless energy/enthusiasm. 不疲勞的，孜孜不倦的 不疲劳的，不停的 ˈtirelessly adverb 不疲勞地，孜孜不倦地 不疲劳地，不停地 ˈtirelessness noun 不疲勞，孜孜不倦 不疲劳，不停 ˈtiresome adjective troublesome; annoying. 令人厭倦的 令人厌倦的ˈtiresomely adverb 厭倦地 厌倦地ˈtiresomeness noun 厭倦 厌倦ˈtiring adjective causing (physical) tiredness. I've had a tiring day; The journey was very tiring. 疲勞的 疲劳的tire out to tire or exhaust completely. The hard work tired her out. 十分疲勞 十分疲劳IdiomsSeetireTire, Pneumatic
Tire, Pneumatic In motor vehicles and other wheeled vehicles, pneumatic tires create the necessary adhesion (traction) between the wheels and the surface of the road and cushion the dynamic loads on the wheels that result from the motion of the vehicle. The tires ensure vehicle control, traction under difficult road conditions, stability, and riding comfort. They substantially affect the braking distance, fuel consumption, and many other performance and economic characteristics of the vehicle. Pneumatic tires are classified according to purpose as passenger-car tires (for passenger cars and light trucks), truck tires (for all other trucks, buses, trolleybuses, and trailers), agricultural tires (for tractors and other agricultural vehicles), off-the-road tires (for construction, reading, and hoisting and conveying machinery), motorcycle tires (for motorcycles, motor scooters, and mopeds), and bicycle tires. Special-purpose tires include those for aviation, monorail transportation, and so on. Pneumatic tires are multilayer rubber-and-textile products. Their manufacture accounts for about 50 percent of the rubber consumed and a substantial portion of chemical fibers and other reinforcing materials. In 1976 approximately 7 million tons of rubber was used to produce 780 million tires throughout the world. Construction. The common element in all tires is the casing (Figure 1), which maintains a specific shape for the tire under the influence of the internal (inflation) pressure. The carcass, or body, plies are the foundation of the tire; they impart strength and resilience. They consist of several layers of rubberized textile or, in some cases, metal cord (cord fabric). In bias-ply tires the cords in adjacent plies cross one another, and the angle between the direction of the cords and a plane passing through the axis of rotation is 50°–55°; in radial-ply tires the cords of all the plies lie in this plane. The number of plies in radial-ply tires is about half that of bias-ply tires, so that the carcass is more flexible.  Figure 1. Diagrams of tire casings: (a) bias ply, (b) radial ply; (1) tread, (2) sidewall, (3) carcass plies, (4) breaker, (5) bead toe, (6) bead heel, (7) bead, (8) chaffer, (9) flipper, (10) bead wires, (11) supplementary metal-cord ring, (12) strip for wrapping bead wires, (13) rubber cord
The breaker is designed to provide a strong bond between the carcass plies and the outermost rubber layer (the tread); it is made of several layers of rubberized textile or metal cord (less often, of rubber). In bias-ply tires the cords of the breaker run at the same angle as the carcass plies; in radial-ply tires they run at an angle of 70°–85°, thus forming an inextensible belt that carries the major portion of the forces acting on the tires as a result of inflation pressure and external loads. Because of the combination of flexible carcass plies and a stiff breaker, radial-ply tires have a longer life, consume less power in overcoming rolling friction, and possess other service advantages over bias-ply tires. The tread, which is formed as a single unit with the sidewalls, protects the carcass plies from mechanical damage and the effects of moisture. The thickest part, the section in contact with the road, has patterned projections and recesses of various sizes and shapes; the tread pattern determines the adhesion between the tire and the road, rolling resistance, resistance to abrasion, performance under difficult road conditions, running noise, and ease of control. The bead of the casing ensures that the tire is firmly seated on the wheel rim. The carcass plies are secured by bead wires. An important construction feature is the method used to seal the tire, illustrated by tube-type and tubeless tires. The cavity of tube-type tires contains a ring-shaped inner tube with a valve, which retains the compressed air in the tire. In tubeless tires the air is retained by using chafers, by seating the tire on the rim under great tension, and by applying a rubber sealing layer to the inside of the casing. The advantages of tubeless tires are the high operating safety resulting from insignificant air leakage from a puncture, low weight, and ease of maintenance and repair. However, the necessary airtight fit on the rim requires special mounting equipment and greater precision in the fabrication of rims. The choice of tire construction depends on the application: for example, tubeless tires are best for passenger cars, where operating safety and a comfortable ride at high speeds must be ensured. Operating characteristics. When stationary, a tire is subjected to the forces of the inflation pressure and the static load on the wheel; a rolling tire is additionally subjected to dynamic loads and loads arising from the redistribution of the vehicle’s weight between the axles and wheels. Under the influence of these forces, a rolling tire undergoes continuous cyclical deformations that differ in magnitude and direction in the various zones of the tire. The total number of deformation cycles that occur during the life of a tire may reach several million. Such deformations cause spontaneous heating (heat buildup) in the tire to temperatures of 60°–90°C. The most important service characteristics of tires are load-carrying capacity, service life, traction, rolling resistance, and shockabsorbing capacity. The load-carrying capacity (the maximum permissible static vertical load on the tire) depends mainly on the tire’s dimensions, inflation pressure, number and type of carcass plies, and operating conditions. The service life is defined as the tire mileage accumulated until the projections on the tread pattern become worn (for safe driving and for protection of the carcass from damage, the minimum height of the projections should be 0.5 mm for truck tires and 1.5 mm for passenger-car tires). The service life is reduced when road and climatic conditions are more severe, the load-carrying capacity is exceeded, the speed is increased, or the inflation pressure deviates from the optimum value for a given set of operating conditions (the inflation pressure ranges from 0.1 meganewtons per m2, or 1 kg/cm2, for automobile tires to 2 meganewtons per m2, or 20 kg/cm2, for aircraft tires). When the inflation pressure is reduced, the amplitude of the tire’s deformations and the heat buildup are increased, which accelerates the onset of fatigue failure. When the pressure is increased, the stresses in the tire are increased, the danger of a rupture (blowout) in the carcass when driving over an obstacle is greater, and the tread wear is accelerated because of the higher contact pressure on the road. The average mileage for passenger-car tires ranges from 40,000 to 60,000 km, and for truck tires, from 60,000 to 100,000 km. Traction is one of the most important factors affecting the driving safety of a motor vehicle. Inadequate traction is the cause of 25–40 percent of highway transportation accidents on wet roads and 5–10 percent on dry roads. The properties of the rubber in the tread as well as the tread pattern affect this characteristic. The rolling resistance determines to a significant degree the fuel consumption in vehicular transportation and also affects the dynamic characteristics. It depends appreciably on the weight and construction of the tire and on the materials used in manufacture. The shock-absorbing capacity establishes a tire’s properties as an element of the vehicle’s suspension, which damps dynamic loads. Optimum shock-absorbing capacity in an automobile depends on the proper combination of tire shock absorption’ and shock-absorption characteristics of the other suspension elements. Materials and production technology. General requirements for the rubber used in tires include long fatigue life and low heat buildup; in addition, the rubber used for treads must resist abrasion and weathering. Tire carcass must be very resilient, breakers must be heat resistant, and inner tubes must be airtight. The principal types of raw rubber used for tires are styrene-butadiene, stereoregular butadiene, synthetic isoprene, and natural rubber; the most important reinforcing materials are polyamide and rayon cords. Tire manufacture includes the following production processes: preparation of the rubber stocks in mixers, processing of the cords (impregnation with synthetic latexes, heat stretching, stabilization, and coating with rubber on calenders), preparation of components (cutting out the rubberized cord, assembling the pieces, coating the pieces with layers of rubber, shaping the tread stock with extruders, making the sidewall components), assembly of the casing on special machines, shaping and vulcanization of the casings on a single machine, and processing of stock for inner tubes with extruders and vulcanization in compression molds. Many of the operations are performed on automatic transfer lines, including preparation of the rubber stocks and assembly and vulcanization of the casings. (See alsoRUBBER, SYNTHETIC; RUBBER, NATURAL; and RUBBER, VULCANIZED.) REFERENCESPnevmaticheskie shiny (issledovaniia po probleme povysheniia kachestva): Sb. st. Moscow, 1969.
Pnevmaticheskie shiny. Moscow, 1973.
Saltykov, A. V. Osnovy sovremennoi tekhnologii avtomobil’nykh shin, 3rd ed. Moscow, 1974.
Enlsiklopediia polimerov, vol. 3. Moscow, 1977.V. F. EVSTRATOV tiring
cer·clage (ser-klazh') 1. Bringing into close opposition and binding together the ends of an obliquely fractured bone or the fragments of a broken patella by a ring or by an encircling, tightly drawn wire loop. 2. Operation for retinal detachment in which the choroid and retinal pigment epithelia are brought in contact with the detached sensory retina by a band encircling the sclera posterior. 3. The placing of a nonabsorbable suture around an incompetent cervical os.
Synonym(s): tiring. [Fr. an encircling, hooping, banding]tiring (tīr′ĭng) Fastening wire around the fragments of a bone.Patient discussion about tiringQ. Will she be tired all her pregnancy? My wife is 6 weeks pregnant with our first baby. She is tired all the time and goes to bed at 7 PM. Will she be like this the whole pregnancy?A. Don't worry, this is very common! Here are some tips to help her with her tiredness:
-She should take short breaks during the day and lie down and lift her feet up. This can help her feel better and less tired. If she is at work and can't lie down, then she should just pick her legs up on a chair.
-She should take a few short naps during the day and sleep at least 7-8 hours a night.
- She should sleep on her left side as this improves the blood flow to the womb.
Q. I'm feeling too tired and I have pain im my right leg, from my thigh to my foot.What could that be? A. Do you have any other symptoms, like back pain, numbness or tingling in your right leg? How long do you have this pain?
What you described could result from many things. You can read more about it here: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003182.htm
If you also have back pain, which may actually cause the pain in the leg, you can read about more here: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/backpain.html#cat1
Hope I could help!
Q. My friend has bleeding ears , chronic headaches and she is always tired. Do you know what's wrong? This is not like her she is normalt very active and she has not had any trama to her ear so I don't know what is going on.A. for the ear pain - try out www.eardoc.info More discussions about tiringtiring
Related to tiring: tieringSynonyms for tiringadj exhaustingSynonyms- exhausting
- demanding
- wearing
- tough
- exacting
- fatiguing
- wearying
- strenuous
- arduous
- laborious
- enervative
Synonyms for tiringadj causing fatigueSynonyms- draining
- exhausting
- fatiguing
- wearing
- wearying
Synonyms for tiringadj producing exhaustionSynonyms- wearing
- wearying
- exhausting
Related Words |