| 释义 |
barbarism
bar·ba·rism B0069000 (bär′bə-rĭz′əm)n.1. a. The condition of having no civilizing influences or refined culture; ignorance or crudity: "the struggles made by different nations, as they emerge from barbarism, to supply themselves with some visible symbol of thought" (William Hickling Prescott).b. Savage violence or cruelty: "To say that the barbarism of one side [in World War I] impelled the barbarism of the other is not much of an excuse" (David A. Bell).2. a. The use of words, forms, or expressions considered incorrect or unacceptable.b. A specific word, form, or expression so used.
[Latin barbarismus, use of a foreign tongue or of one's own tongue amiss, barbarism, from Greek barbarismos, from barbarizein, to behave or speak like a barbarian, from barbaros, non-Greek, foreign (imitative of the sound of unintelligible speech).]barbarism (ˈbɑːbəˌrɪzəm) n1. a brutal, coarse, or ignorant act2. the condition of being backward, coarse, or ignorant3. (Linguistics) a substandard or erroneously constructed or derived word or expression; solecism4. any act or object that offends against accepted taste[C16: from Latin barbarismus error of speech, from Greek barbarismos, from barbaros barbarous]bar•ba•rism (ˈbɑr bəˌrɪz əm)
n. 1. a barbarous or uncivilized state or condition. 2. a barbarous act. 3. the use of words or constructions felt to be undesirably alien to the established standards of a language. 4. such a word or construction. [1570–80; < Latin < Greek] barbarismthe use of terms or constructions feit by some to be undesirably foreign to the established customs of the language. — barbarian, n., adj.See also: Language StylebarbarismAn expression or use of words that is considered unacceptable or incorrect.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  barbarism - a brutal barbarous savage act barbarity, brutality, savageryatrocity, inhumanity - an act of atrocious cruelty |
barbarismnoun cruelty, outrage, atrocity, brutality, savagery, ruthlessness, wickedness, inhumanity, barbarity, viciousness, coarseness, crudity, monstrousness, heinousness, fiendishness, barbarousness Not the death penalty: barbarism must not be met with barbarism.barbarismnounA term that offends against established usage standards:corruption, solecism, vulgarism.Translationsbarbarism
barbarism the stage of development typified by pastoralism identified in early theories of social evolution (see EVOLUTIONARY THEORY). MONTESQUIEU was the first to use the term in this way, arguing that the three main stages in social development were: - hunting or SAVAGERY;
- herding or barbarism; and
- CIVILIZATION. Later 19th-century evolutionary thinkers, such as E. B. TYLOR and L. H. MORGAN, also adopted the concept.
Barbarism in the periodization proposed in the 1760’s by the Scottish philosopher A. Ferguson, which became established in European science during the 18th and 19th centuries, the second of the three epochs in the history of mankind: savagery, barbarism, and civilization. Serious substantiation was provided for this scheme by L. H. Morgan, according to whom barbarism begins with the invention of pottery and concludes with the appearance of a written language (Ancient Society, 1877; Russian translation, 2nd ed., 1935). Morgan’s periodization was adopted by F. Engels, who noted, however, that it was conventional (“Proiskhozhdenie sem’i, chastnoi sobstvennosti i gosudarstva,” in K. Marx and F. Engels., Soch., 2nd ed., vol. 21, p. 28). Most contemporary researchers do not use Morgan’s scheme, which is to a considerable degree obsolete: a new periodization of primitive history has been developed in contemporary science. REFERENCESTolstov, S. P. “K voprosu o periodizatsii istorii pervobytnogo obshchestva.” Sovetskaia etnografiia, 1946, no. 1.
Pershits, A. I., A. L. Mongait, and V. P. Alekseev. Istoriia pervobytnogo obshchestva. Moscow, 1968.
Problemy istorii dokapitalisticheskikh obshchestv, book 1. Moscow, 1968.
barbarism
Synonyms for barbarismnoun crueltySynonyms- cruelty
- outrage
- atrocity
- brutality
- savagery
- ruthlessness
- wickedness
- inhumanity
- barbarity
- viciousness
- coarseness
- crudity
- monstrousness
- heinousness
- fiendishness
- barbarousness
Synonyms for barbarismnoun a term that offends against established usage standardsSynonyms- corruption
- solecism
- vulgarism
Synonyms for barbarismnoun a brutal barbarous savage actSynonyms- barbarity
- brutality
- savagery
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