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单词 prophage
释义

prophage

enUK

pro·phage

P0600000 (prō′fāj′)n. The latent form of a bacteriophage in which the viral genes are incorporated into the bacterial chromosomes without causing disruption of the bacterial cell.
[Short for French probactériophage : Greek pro-, before; see pro-2 + French bactériophage, bacteriophage (bacterio- + Greek -phagos, -phage).]

prophage

(ˈprəʊfeɪdʒ) n (Microbiology) a virus that exists in a bacterial cell and undergoes division with its host without destroying it. Compare bacteriophage[C20: by contraction from French probactériophage; see pro-2, bacteriophage]

pro•phage

(ˈproʊˌfeɪdʒ)

n. a stable, inherited form of bacteriophage in which the genetic material of the virus is integrated into, replicated, and expressed with the genetic material of the bacterial host. [1950–55; shortening of French probactériophage; see pro-2, bacteriophage]

Prophage

enUK

prophage

[′prō‚fāj] (virology) Integrated unit formed by union of the provirus into the bacterial genome.

Prophage

 

a latent, or occult, noninfectious form of temperate bacteriophage that is present in lysogenic bacteria.

Prophage is the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of a temperate bacteriophage combined with the DNA of a lysogenized bacterium. The DNA of a prophage is approximately 1/50 to 1/100 the size of the DNA of a bacterial chromosome and contains about 105 pairs of nucleotides. Thus, a prophage is a complete genome of a phage and contains about 100 genes.

A prophage generally occupies a specific locus in a bacterial chromosome and is inherited like ordinary bacterial genes. The prophage of a λ-phage, for example, is localized in a chromosome of colibacillus together with the gene that controls the splitting of galactose. The location of a prophage is genetically controlled by its special region, which constitutes about 1/15 of the total length of the genome.

A prophage is nonpathogenic for a bacterial cell and is replicated over many generations simultaneously with the bacterial chromosome. However, in some growing lysogenic bacteria (approximately one cell per million), the prophage becomes infectious, that is, it becomes induced. As a result of induction, it is converted into an intracellular vegetative phage that is not bound to the bacterial chromosome. When this type of phage replicates, the bacterial cell undergoes lysis and dies. Individual lysogenic bacteria may carry several prophages.

A. V. KOLOBOV

prophage

enUK

prophage

 [pro´fāj] the latent stage of a bacteriophage in a bacterium" >lysogenic bacterium, in which the viral genome becomes inserted into a specific portion of the host chromosome and is duplicated into each cell generation.

pro·bac·te·ri·o·phage

(prō'bak-tē'rē-ō-fāj'), The stage of a temperate bacteriophage in which the genome is incorporated in the genetic apparatus of the bacterial host. Synonym(s): prophage

prophage

(prō′fāj′)n. The latent form of a bacteriophage in which the viral genes are incorporated into the bacterial chromosomes without causing disruption of the bacterial cell.

pro·bac·te·ri·o·phage

(prō'bak-tēr'ē-ō-fāj) The stage of a temperate bacteriophage in which the genome is incorporated into the genetic apparatus of the bacterial host.
Synonym(s): prophage.

prophage

the DNA of a BACTERIOPHAGE that is repressed (see GENE REPRESSION) for LYTIC functions and that is maintained in the host bacterium in a stable state. The prophage may be integrated into the DNA of its bacterial host and may be replicated along with the host DNA, as is the case for BACTERIOPHAGE LAMBDA, or may be maintained as EXTRACHROMOSOMAL DNA, as is the case for bacteriophage P1. Prophage DNA may be carried between GENERATIONS (2) in this state and no phage particles are produced. However, the prophage normally retains the ability to direct a lytic cycle, by the activation of genes for lytic development. Upon INDUCTION (3), progeny phages are produced and released from the host. see LYSOGENY.
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更新时间:2024/12/22 21:48:17