refer

re·fer

R0114000 (rĭ-fûr′)v. re·ferred, re·fer·ring, re·fers v.tr.1. To direct to a source for help or information: referred her to a heart specialist; referred me to his last employer for a recommendation.2. To submit (a matter in dispute) to an authority for arbitration, decision, or examination.3. To direct the attention of: I refer you to the training manual.4. a. To assign or attribute to; regard as originated by.b. To assign to or regard as belonging within a particular kind or class: referred the newly discovered partita to the 1600s. See Synonyms at attribute.v.intr.1. a. To relate or pertain; concern: questions referring to yesterday's lecture.b. To serve as a descriptor or have as a denotation: The word chair refers to a piece of furniture.2. To speak or write about something briefly or incidentally; make reference: referred during our conversation to several books he was reading.3. To turn one's attention, as in seeking information: refer to a dictionary.

[Middle English referren, from Old French referer, from Latin referre : re-, re- + ferre, to carry; see bher- in Indo-European roots.]

ref′er·a·ble (rĕf′ər-ə-bəl, rĭ-fûr′-) adj.re·fer′ral n.re·fer′rer n.Usage Note: Some people consider the phrase refer back to be redundant, since refer contains the prefix re-, which was brought into English from Latin and originally meant "back." But such an argument is based on what linguists call the "etymological fallacy"—the assumption that the meaning of a word should always reflect the meanings of the words, roots, and affixes from which it was derived. In fact, most words change their meanings over time, often to the point where their historical roots are completely obscured. Such change is natural and usually goes unnoticed except by scholars. We conduct inaugurations without consulting soothsayers (augurs), and we don't necessarily share bread (pānis in Latin) with our companions. In fact, refer is quite often used in contexts that don't involve the meaning "back" at all, as in The doctor referred her patient to a specialist or Please refer to this menu of our daily specials. As for refer back, the Usage Panel's position has shifted dramatically over the years. In 1995, 65 percent of the Panel disapproved of this construction, but by 2011, 81 percent accepted it in the sentence To answer your question it is necessary to refer back to the minutes of the previous meeting. In such cases, where the "back" meaning of re- has largely disappeared, adding back can provide useful semantic information, indicating that the person or thing being referred to has been mentioned or consulted before. The Panel remains somewhat less tolerant of constructions like revert back, in which the verb retains the sense "back" as part of its meaning: in 2011, 67 percent accepted revert back in the sentence After his divorce he seemed to revert back to his adolescence. In this context, back may simply be used to provide emphasis, perhaps suggesting a greater step backward than the verb by itself would. In any case, the prevalence of phrases that combine back and words prefixed with re- indicates that such constructions are a robust feature of English, even if they do appear to be logically redundant.

refer

(rɪˈfɜː) vb (often foll by to) , -fers, -ferring or -ferred1. (intr) to make mention (of)2. (tr) to direct the attention of (someone) for information, facts, etc: the reader is referred to Chomsky, 1965. 3. (intr) to seek information (from): I referred to a dictionary of English usage; he referred to his notes. 4. (intr) to be relevant (to); pertain or relate (to): this song refers to an incident in the Civil War. 5. (tr) to assign or attribute: Cromwell referred his victories to God. 6. (tr) to hand over for consideration, reconsideration, or decision: to refer a complaint to another department. 7. (tr) to hand back to the originator as unacceptable or unusable8. (Education) (tr) Brit to fail (a student) in an examination9. (Education) (tr) Brit to send back (a thesis) to a student for improvement10. (Banking & Finance) refer to drawer a request by a bank that the payee consult the drawer concerning a cheque payable by that bank (usually because the drawer has insufficient funds in his account), payment being suspended in the meantime11. (Medicine) (tr) to direct (a patient) for treatment to another doctor, usually a specialist12. (Social Welfare) (tr) social welfare to direct (a client) to another agency or professional for a service[C14: from Latin referre to carry back, from re- + ferre to bear¹] referable, referrable adj reˈferral n reˈferrer nUsage: The common practice of adding back to refer is tautologous, since this meaning is already contained in the re- of refer: this refers to (not back to) what has already been said. However, when refer is used in the sense of passing a document or question for further consideration to the person from whom it was received, it may be appropriate to say he referred the matter back

re•fer

(rɪˈfɜr)

v. -ferred, -fer•ring. v.t. 1. to direct to a person, place, etc., for information or anything required. 2. to direct the attention of: The asterisk refers the reader to a footnote. 3. to submit for decision, information, etc.: to refer a dispute to arbitration. 4. to assign to a class, period, etc.; classify. 5. to have relation; relate; apply. v.i. 6. to direct attention. 7. to have recourse, as for aid or information. 8. to make reference or allusion. [1325–75; Middle English referren < Latin referre to bring back =re- re- + ferre to bring, bear¹] ref•er•a•ble, re•fer•ra•ble (ˈrɛf ər ə bəl, rɪˈfɜr-) adj. re•fer′rer, n.

allude, refer - To allude is to "mention indirectly, hint at," and to refer is to "mention directly."See also related terms for hint.

refer

Past participle: referred
Gerund: referring

Imperative
refer
refer

Present
I refer
you refer
he/she/it refers
we refer
you refer
they refer

Preterite
I referred
you referred
he/she/it referred
we referred
you referred
they referred

Present Continuous
I am referring
you are referring
he/she/it is referring
we are referring
you are referring
they are referring

Present Perfect
I have referred
you have referred
he/she/it has referred
we have referred
you have referred
they have referred

Past Continuous
I was referring
you were referring
he/she/it was referring
we were referring
you were referring
they were referring

Past Perfect
I had referred
you had referred
he/she/it had referred
we had referred
you had referred
they had referred

Future
I will refer
you will refer
he/she/it will refer
we will refer
you will refer
they will refer

Future Perfect
I will have referred
you will have referred
he/she/it will have referred
we will have referred
you will have referred
they will have referred

Future Continuous
I will be referring
you will be referring
he/she/it will be referring
we will be referring
you will be referring
they will be referring

Present Perfect Continuous
I have been referring
you have been referring
he/she/it has been referring
we have been referring
you have been referring
they have been referring

Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been referring
you will have been referring
he/she/it will have been referring
we will have been referring
you will have been referring
they will have been referring

Past Perfect Continuous
I had been referring
you had been referring
he/she/it had been referring
we had been referring
you had been referring
they had been referring

Conditional
I would refer
you would refer
he/she/it would refer
we would refer
you would refer
they would refer

Past Conditional
I would have referred
you would have referred
he/she/it would have referred
we would have referred
you would have referred
they would have referred

Thesaurus

Verb	1.	refer - make reference to; "His name was mentioned in connection with the invention"cite, mention, advert, name, bring uphave in mind, think of, mean - intend to refer to; "I'm thinking of good food when I talk about France"; "Yes, I meant you when I complained about people who gossip!"commend, remember - mention as by way of greeting or to indicate friendship; "Remember me to your wife"speak of the devil - mention someone's name who just then appearsremember - mention favorably, as in prayer; "remember me in your prayers"quote, cite - refer to for illustration or proof; "He said he could quote several instances of this behavior"touch on - refer to or discuss brieflyinvoke, appeal - cite as an authority; resort to; "He invoked the law that would save him"; "I appealed to the law of 1900"; "She invoked an ancient law"namedrop - refer to people that one assumes one's interlocutors admire in order to try to impress thembring up, raise - put forward for consideration or discussion; "raise the question of promotions"; "bring up an unpleasant topic"drag up, dredge up - mention something unpleasant from the past; "Drag up old stories"cross-refer - refer from one entry to another, as in catalogues, books, and lists
	2.	refer - be relevant to; "There were lots of questions referring to her talk"; "My remark pertained to your earlier comments"concern, have to do with, pertain, bear on, come to, touch on, relate, touchallude, advert, touch - make a more or less disguised reference to; "He alluded to the problem but did not mention it"center, center on, concentrate on, focus on, revolve about, revolve around - center upon; "Her entire attention centered on her children"; "Our day revolved around our work"go for, apply, hold - be pertinent or relevant or applicable; "The same laws apply to you!"; "This theory holds for all irrational numbers"; "The same rules go for everyone"involve, regard, affect - connect closely and often incriminatingly; "This new ruling affects your business"matter to, interest - be of importance or consequence; "This matters to me!"
	3.	refer - think of, regard, or classify under a subsuming principle or with a general group or in relation to another; "This plant can be referred to a known species"class, classify, sort out, assort, sort, separate - arrange or order by classes or categories; "How would you classify these pottery shards--are they prehistoric?"
	4.	refer - send or direct for treatment, information, or a decision; "refer a patient to a specialist"; "refer a bill to a committee"submit, subject - refer for judgment or consideration; "The lawyers submitted the material to the court"send, direct - cause to go somewhere; "The explosion sent the car flying in the air"; "She sent her children to camp"; "He directed all his energies into his dissertation"recommit - send back to a committee; "The bill was recommitted three times in the House"
	5.	refer - seek information from; "You should consult the dictionary"; "refer to your notes"look up, consultresearch - attempt to find out in a systematically and scientific manner; "The student researched the history of that word"
	6.	refer - have as a meaning; "`multi-' denotes `many' "denotesignify, stand for, mean, intend - denote or connote; "`maison' means `house' in French"; "An example sentence would show what this word means"denote - be a sign or indication of; "Her smile denoted that she agreed"twist around, convolute, pervert, sophisticate, twist - practice sophistry; change the meaning of or be vague about in order to mislead or deceive; "Don't twist my words"euphemise, euphemize - refer to something with a euphemismhark back, recall, come back, return - go back to something earlier; "This harks back to a previous remark of his"identify, name - give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property; "Many senators were named in connection with the scandal"; "The almanac identifies the auspicious months"apply - refer (a word or name) to a person or thing; "He applied this racial slur to me!"slur - speak disparagingly of; e.g., make a racial slur; "your comments are slurring your co-workers"state, express - indicate through a symbol, formula, etc.; "Can you express this distance in kilometers?"
	7.	refer - use a name to designate; "Christians refer to the mother of Jesus as the Virgin Mary"call, name - assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to; "They named their son David"; "The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader"

refer

verb1. pass on, transfer, deliver, commit, hand over, submit, turn over, consign He could refer the matter to the high court.2. direct, point, send, guide, recommend He referred me to a book.refer to something or someone1. allude to, mention, cite, speak of, bring up, invoke, hint at, touch on, make reference, make mention of He referred to a recent trip to Canada.2. relate to, mean, concern, describe, represent, indicate, apply to, stand for, signify, denote, pertain to, be relevant to The term `electronics' refers to electrically-induced action.3. consult, go, apply, turn to, look up, have recourse to, seek information from He referred briefly to his notebook.

refer

verb1. To direct (a person) elsewhere for help or information:send, transfer, turn over.2. To regard as belonging to or resulting from another:accredit, ascribe, assign, attribute, charge, credit, impute, lay.3. To call or direct attention to something:advert, bring up, mention, point, point out, touch (on or upon).4. To be pertinent:appertain, apply, bear on (or upon), concern, pertain, relate.Idioms: have a bearing on, have to do with.5. To look to when in need:apply, go, repair, resort, run, turn.Idioms: fall back on, have recourse to.

Translations

提到查阅谈到针对关系到

refer

(rəˈfəː) – past tense, past participle reˈferred – verb (with to). 1. to talk or write (about something); to mention. He doesn't like anyone referring to his wooden leg; I referred to your theories in my last book. 提到，（谈）到 2. to relate to, concern, or apply to. My remarks refer to your last letter. 提到，针对，关系到指的是 3. to send or pass on to someone else for discussion, information, a decision etc. The case was referred to a higher law-court; I'll refer you to the managing director.提交4. to look for information (in something). If I'm not sure how to spell a word, I refer to a dictionary.查阅referee (refəˈriː) noun1. a person who controls boxing, football etc matches, makes sure that the rules are not broken etc. The referee sent two of the players off the field.裁判员2. a person who is willing to provide a note about one's character, ability etc, eg when one applies for new job. 介绍人，推荐人鉴定人 verb – past tense, past participle ˌrefeˈreed – to act as a referee for a match. I've been asked to referee (a football match) on Saturday.担任裁判reference (ˈrefərəns) noun1. (an) act of referring (to something); a mention (of something). He made several references to her latest book; With reference to your request for information, I regret to inform you that I am unable to help you. 提及，涉及 2. a note about one's character, ability etc, eg when one applies for a new job. Our new secretary had excellent references from her previous employers. 推荐信，介绍信关于品行、能力等的）证明、介绍 3. an indication in a book, report etc, showing where one got one's information or where further information can be found. 参考书目，引文 reference book a book which is not usually read from beginning to end but which is consulted occasionally for information, eg a dictionary or encyclopaedia. 参考书reference library a library of books to be looked at for information but not borrowed. 参考书阅览室

reference, noun, is spelt with -r-.
referred and referring are spelt with -rr-.

refer

→ 提到zhCN

refer

refer to (someone or something) as (someone or something)

To call someone or something by a particular name or title. Should I refer to you as Dr. Smith or Professor Smith? I think you're all old enough now that you can start calling me Nancy, instead of Mrs. Johnson. They guys in engineering have started referring to the project as "The Impossible Task."See also: refer

refer to (someone or something)

1. To mention or make a reference to someone or something. "What a loudmouth," said John, referring to Tom. I was referring to Paris, Texas, not Paris, France.2. To indicate, signify, or point to someone or something. The first pie chart refers to the company's various expenditures, while the second refers to our sources of revenue. This line in the application refers to people with a weekly income of less than $500.3. To look or turn to something as a source of information or support. Please refer to your employee handbook if you have any questions about these policies.See also: refer

refer (one) to (someone or something)

To send or direct one to someone or something as a source of information or support. You can refer the customer to clause 34-B if they are still unsure of their obligation. Let me refer you to a friend of mine. He's a clinical psychologist and may be able to help.See also: refer

refer back to (someone or something)

1. To consult some previous piece or source of information; to turn one's attention back to something. We all referred back to the footage of our last game to see where each player could make improvements. I'll have to refer back to my notes to see what we had decided on at the last meeting.2. To relate or pertain to something previously mentioned or seen. The image of the flowers refers back to the scene at the beginning of the film. The senator was referring back to the speech she gave in May.3. To submit something back to some person or group of authority, as to decide, settle, or examine something. We'll have to refer this matter back to our legal team before we can proceed any further. We've made the changes requested of us, so now we have to refer it back to the panel to see if it can be approved.4. To direct someone to meet, speak, or consult with some person or group of authority, information, or aid for a second time. The specialist referred me back to the doctor who made the original diagnosis. They referred me back to their PR team when I asked them about rumors of a potential merger.See also: back, refer

refer someone back to someone or something

to suggest that someone go back to someone or something, such as the source. I referred the client back to the lawyer she had originally consulted. Tom referred the customer back to the manufacturer who had made the shoddy product.See also: back, refer

refer someone to someone or something

to direct someone to someone or something; to send someone to someone or something. The front office referred me to you, and you are now referring me to someone else! They should have referred you to the personnel department.See also: refer

refer something back to someone or something

and refer something backto send something back to someone or a group for action. Dr. Smith knows more about this kind of case, so I referred it back to him. They referred back all the bills.See also: back, refer

refer to someone or something

to mention someone or something. Are you referring tome when you speak about a kind and helpful person? I was referring to the personnel department.See also: refer

refer to

v.1. To mention or reference someone or something: When you say he's clumsy, are you referring to what he did the other day? When we are in the meeting, refer to me as your colleague and not as your sister.2. To signify something or someone directly; denote something or someone: The red line on the graph refers to the birth rate and the blue line to the death rate.3. To pertain to something or someone; concern something or someone: I have a question referring to yesterday's lecture.4. To direct someone to someone or something for help, support, or information: My doctor couldn't find the problem, so she referred me to a specialist.5. To have recourse to someone or something for help, support, or information; turn to someone or something: Whenever I encounter a word that I don't know, I refer to a dictionary.6. To direct the attention of someone to something: The instructor referred us to the third page of the manual.See also: refer

refer

re·fer

refer

re•fer

refer

refer

refer

refer

refer

refer

refer to (someone or something) as (someone or something)

refer to (someone or something)

refer (one) to (someone or something)

refer back to (someone or something)

refer someone back to someone or something

refer someone to someone or something

refer something back to someone or something

refer to someone or something

refer to

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REFER

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Synonyms for refer

verb pass on

Synonyms

verb direct

Synonyms

phrase refer to something or someone: allude to

Synonyms

phrase refer to something or someone: relate to

Synonyms

phrase refer to something or someone: consult

Synonyms

Synonyms for refer

verb to direct (a person) elsewhere for help or information

Synonyms

verb to regard as belonging to or resulting from another

Synonyms

verb to call or direct attention to something

Synonyms

verb to be pertinent

Synonyms

verb to look to when in need

Synonyms

Synonyms for refer

verb make reference to

Synonyms

Related Words

verb be relevant to

Synonyms

Related Words

verb think of, regard, or classify under a subsuming principle or with a general group or in relation to another

Related Words

verb send or direct for treatment, information, or a decision

Related Words

verb seek information from

Synonyms

Related Words

verb have as a meaning

Synonyms

Related Words

verb use a name to designate

Related Words