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sex hormone
sex hormonen. Any of various hormones, such as estrogen and androgen, affecting the growth or function of the reproductive organs, the development of secondary sex characteristics, and the reproductive behavior of vertebrates.sex hormone n (Biochemistry) an animal hormone affecting development and growth of reproductive organs and related parts sex′ hor`mone
n. any of a class of steroid hormones that regulate the growth and function of the reproductive organs or stimulate the development of the secondary sexual characteristics. [1935–40] sex hormone A steroid hormone that regulates the sexual development of an organism and is needed for reproduction. Testosterone and estrogen are sex hormones.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | sex hormone - any hormone affecting the development and growth of sex organssteroid hormone, steroidendocrine, hormone, internal secretion - the secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effectprogestin, progestogen - any of a group of steroid hormones that have the effect of progesteroneandrogen, androgenic hormone - male sex hormone that is produced in the testes and responsible for typical male sexual characteristicsestrogen, oestrogen - a general term for female steroid sex hormones that are secreted by the ovary and responsible for typical female sexual characteristicsadrenal cortical steroid, corticoid, corticosteroid - a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex or synthesized; administered as drugs they reduce swelling and decrease the body's immune response; "adrenal cortical steroids are used to treat many different conditions"anabolic steroid - any of a group of synthetic steroid hormones used to stimulate muscle and bone growth; more than 100 have been developed and each requires a prescription to be used legally in the United States; sometimes used illicitly by athletes to increase their strength |
Sex Hormone
sex hormone[′seks ‚hȯr‚mōn] (biochemistry) Any hormone secreted by a gonad, but also found in other tissues. Sex Hormone a steroid hormone produced in the gonads that regulates sexual differentiation and sexual reproduction in vertebrates, including man. In mammals, although sex itself is determined genetically, sexual differentiation and sexual reproduction are regulated by a complex and interrelated system that embraces not only the sex hormones but other hormones as well, including the gonadotropic hormones (the luteinizing hormone [LH], the follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], and prolactin) and the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) produced in the hypophysis, the chorionic gonadotropic hormone produced by the placenta, and the prostaglandins produced primarily in the tissues of the reproductive organs but also in other tissues. The male sex hormones, or androgens, are produced in the interstitial tissue of the testes; the main hormone produced is testosterone. The female sex hormones are synthesized in the ovaries and are divided into estrogens, which are produced in the cells of maturing follicles (the main estrogen is estradiol) and gestagens and progestins, which are produced in cells of the corpus luteum (the main gestagen is progesterone). Some sex hormones are synthesized in the adrenal cortex. In pregnant women they are also synthesized in the placenta. Estrogens are also produced in males, and androgens in females. The differentiation of sex characters in each sex depends primarily on the correlation between the different sex hormones present. Steroid sex hormones are biosynthesized primarily of cholesterol. This process is blocked in insects because of their inability to synthesize cholesterol. The stages of the biosynthesis of sex hormones in the testes and ovaries coincide until progesterone is formed. The biosynthesis of steroid sex hormones is regulated by hypophyseal LH and FSH. Once produced, the sex hormones in turn act on the hypophyseoportal system and influence the secretion of LH and FSH (the feedback principle). The onset of sexual maturity is reflected in the intensified biosynthesis of sex hormones in the gonads, which is apparently induced by the rise of the hypothalamic sensitivity threshold to the sex hormones. The result is a sharp increase in the production of specific peptides in the hypothalamus that stimulate the hypophysis to secrete LH and FSH. Sex hormones in adults regulate the reproductive function. Steroid sex hormones control the development of secondary sex characteristics and stabilize sexual desire. The interaction of estrogens and gestagens prepares the uterus for the implantation of the fertilized ovum and then ensures pregnancy and childbirth at term. The secretion of androgens in adult males is uniform, while the secretion of estrogens and gestagens in females varies throughout the sex and reproductive cyles. The biosynthesis of female sex hormones increases sharply during pregnancy, when they are also produced in the placenta. The action of the sex hormones consists in the biochemical mechanism of bonding to specific receptors in dependent tissue cells and subsequent stimulation of the biosynthesis of corresponding enzymes. In addition to the reproductive system, other systems of the body are also greatly influenced by sex hormones. Medically, sex hormones are used in the substitution therapy of endocrine diseases, in the treatment of obstetrical and gynecological diseases, and in the treatment of neoplasia of the prostate and mammary glands (as antineoplastic agents). Sex hormones that have been chemically modified so as to selectively intensify the desired physiological action are often used. Substances analogous to sex hormones exist even in the simplest organisms. There is evidence that sexual reproduction is regulated by hormones in some ascomycetes and phycomycetes and in other fungi. In the water mold Achlya bisexualis, the male and female varieties of sexual cells of the hyphae secrete substances that mutually stimulate the formation and coalescence of these cells. Trisporic acids related to the carotenoids perform a similar function in a number of microorganisms, such as Blakeslea trispora and some species of Mucor and Rhizopus. The substances secreted in the cells of one sex reach the cells of the other sex through the surrounding medium. The greater the spatial separation between male and female gametes, the more the action of these regulators resembles the action of sex pheronomes and not sex hormones. REFERENCESGrollman, A. Klinicheskaia endokrinologiia i ee fiziologicheskie osnovy. Moscow, 1969. (Translated from English.)
Eskin, I. A. Osnovy fiziologii endokrinnykh zhelez. Moscow, 1968.1
Rukovodstvo po endokrinologii. Moscow, 1973.
Clegg, P., and A. Clegg. Gormony, kletki, organizm. Moscow, 1971. (Translated from English.)
Biochemical Actions of Hormones, vol. 2. Edited by G. Litwack. New York-London, 1972.
Hormones in Blood, 2nd ed., vol. 2. Edited by C. H. Gray and A. L. Bacharach. London-New York, 1967.
Barksdale, A. W. “Sexual Hormones of Achlya and Other Fungi.” Science, 1969, vol. 166, no. 3907, p. 831.B. V. POKROVSKH and E. P. SEREBRIAKOV sex hormone
sex hormonen. Any of various hormones, such as estrogen and androgen, affecting the growth or function of the reproductive organs, the development of secondary sex characteristics, and the reproductive behavior of vertebrates.hormone (hor'mon?) [Gr. horman, to excite, urge on] 1. A substance originating in an organ, gland, or body part, conveyed through the blood to another body part, and chemically stimulating that part to increase or decrease functional activity or to increase or decrease secretion of another hormone.2. The secretion of the ductless glands, e.g., insulin from the pancreas. See: endocrine glandhormonal (hor-mon'al), adjectiveadrenocortical hormone Abbreviation: ACH
A hormone (such as aldosterone or cortisol) secreted by the cortex of the adrenal gland. Synonym: cortical hormone See: adrenal glandadrenocorticotropic hormone Abbreviation: ACTH
A hormone that is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and controls the development and functioning of the adrenal cortex, including its secretion of glucocorticoids and androgens. Synonym: corticotropinadrenomedullary hormoneAny of several hormones (such as epinephrine and norepinephrine) produced by the adrenal medulla.androgenic hormoneAndrogen.anterior pituitary hormoneAny of several hormones secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary, including corticotropin, follicle-stimulating hormone, gonadotropin, growth hormone, luteinizing hormone, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and thyrotropin.antidiuretic hormone Abbreviation: ADH
A peptide hormone that plays a crucial role in limiting the amount of water excreted by the kidneys. Deficiency of ADH causes central diabetes insipidus, excess causes water retention and hyponatremia. Synonym: vasopressinADH is produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland; it is secreted when the osmolarity of plasma rises. Secretion of ADH increases the concentration of the urine by preventing water losses from the renal tubules. ADH also causes constriction of arterioles (raising blood pressure) and increases levels of clotting factor VIII. ADH can be administered to patients in cardiac arrest as an alternative to epinephrine. atrial natriuretic hormoneAtrial natriuretic factor.bioidentical natural hormoneBioidentical synthetic hormone.bioidentical synthetic hormone Abbreviation: BSH
A compound extracted from plants or formulated in the laboratory and used to replace or increase concentrations of hormones found in the body. The most commonly manufactured and marketed BSHs are the sex steroid hormones (estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone). Synonym: bioidentical natural hormonecalcitonin hormoneCalcitonin.corpus luteum hormoneProgesterone.cortical hormoneAdrenocortical hormone.corticotropin-releasing hormone Abbreviation: CRH
A hormone that is released from the hypothalamus and acts on the anterior pituitary to increase secretion of adrenal corticotropin hormone. In response to stress, CRH causes hyperglycemia, increased oxygen consumption, increased cardiac output, and decreased sexual activity; suppresses release of growth hormone; diminishes gastrointestinal function; stimulates respiration; and causes behavioral changes. Synonym: corticotropin-releasing factorcounterregulatory hormoneAny of the hormones that oppose the effects of insulin. They include glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, and growth hormone. digestive hormoneAny of a group of hormones produced by the stomach or small intestinal mucosa and stimulating various tissues to release enzymes, produce fluids, or affect gastrointestinal motility. They include gastrin, motilin, secretin, cholecystokinin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide. estrogenic hormoneEstrogen.follicle-stimulating hormone Abbreviation: FSH
A hormone that is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary and stimulates maturation of the ovarian follicles in women. In men, the hormone is important in maintaining spermatogenesis. follicle-stimulating hormone releasing hormone Abbreviation: FSH-RH
A hormone from the hypothalamus that regulates release of follicle-stimulating hormone.gastric hormoneGastrin.gonadotropic hormone, gonadotrophic hormoneGonadotropin.gonadotropin-releasing hormone Abbreviation: Gn-RH
The hormone produced in the hypothalamus that causes the pituitary to release luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. This hormone is used in treating endometriosis. Synonym: luteinizing hormone-releasing hormonegrowth hormone Abbreviation: GH
A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary and regulating the cell division and protein synthesis necessary for normal growth. It is a protein made from a single chain of amino acids; molecular weight 22 kDa. Synonym: somatotropingrowth hormone-releasing hormone Abbreviation: GH-RH
A hormone from the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of growth hormone. Synonym: somatotropin-releasing hormonehuman growth hormone Abbreviation: HGH
See: growth hormonehuman placental lactogen hormone See: human placental lactogenimmunoregulatory hormoneA hormone that influences components of the immune system, including the number and activity of the white blood cells. Such hormones are secreted by almost all of the glands in the body, particularly the hypothalamus and adrenal glands. inhibitory hormoneAny of a group of substances limiting the release of hormones from the pituitary. Somatostatin, which inhibits the release of growth hormone, is included in this group. interstitial cell-stimulating hormone Abbreviation: ICSH
An obsolete term for luteinizing hormone. intestinal hormoneAny of several hormones produced by the mucosa of the intestine. They include cholecystokinin, motilin, secretin, and vasoactive inhibitory peptide. lipolytic hormoneAny hormone (such as epinephrine, glucagon, and cortisol) that promotes release of free fatty acids from fat tissue. luteal hormoneProgesterone.luteinizing hormone Abbreviation: LH
A hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary, in females stimulating the development of the corpus luteum and helping in the secretion of progesterone, and in males stimulating the development of interstitial cells of the testes to produce testosterone. Synonym: luteotropic hormoneluteinizing hormone-releasing hormone Abbreviation: LH-RH
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone.luteotropic hormone Abbreviation: LTH
Luteinizing hormone.melanocyte-stimulating hormone Abbreviation: MSH
A hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that causes pigmentation of the skin in humans. Synonym: intermedinovarian hormoneA hormone produced by the ovary. See: estradiol; estriol; estrogen; estrone; progesteronepancreatic hormoneA hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. See: glucagon; insulinparathyroid hormone Abbreviation: PTH
A hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that regulates blood levels of calcium and phosphorus. A deficiency results in hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia; in excess, it causes hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia. Synonym: parathormoneplacental hormoneAny of the hormones secreted by the placenta, including estrogen, progesterone, and human chorionic gonadotropin. posterior pituitary hormoneAny of the hormones secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary (such as vasopressin and oxytocin). See: antidiuretic hormoneprogestational hormoneProgesterone.releasing hormone Abbreviation: RH
Any of a group of substances secreted by the hypothalamus that control or inhibit the release of various hormones. They include thyrotropin-releasing hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, dopamine, growth hormone-releasing hormone, corticotropin-releasing hormone, and somatostatin. Dopamine and somatostatin act to inhibit release of the hormones they act upon. sex hormoneAn androgen or an estrogen.somatotropic hormone Abbreviation: STH
Somatotropin.somatotropin-releasing hormoneGrowth hormone-releasing hormone.steroid hormoneOne of the sex hormones and hormones of the adrenal cortex.synthetic human growth hormoneA growth hormone made with recombinant DNA techniques. testicular hormoneA hormone produced by the interstitial tissue of the testis (such as testosterone and inhibin).thymic hormoneAny of the hormones produced by the thymus that may help attract lymphoid stem cells to the thymus and stimulate their development into mature T lymphocytes. They include thymulin, thymopoietin, and thymosin. thyroid hormoneEither of two hormones, thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3, secreted by the follicles of the thyroid gland. They act on receptors in tissues throughout the body to increase the production of cellular proteins, the metabolic rate, and the activities of the sympathetic nervous system. Deficiency of thyroid hormone produces clinical hypothyroidism; excess causes hyperthyroidism. thyroid-stimulating hormone Abbreviation: TSH
Thyrotropin.thyrotropic hormoneThyrotropin.thyrotropin-releasing hormone Abbreviation: TRH
A hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates the anterior pituitary to release thyrotropin. It was formerly called thyroid-stimulating hormone-releasing factor. tropic hormoneA hormone secreted by one gland (e.g. the pituitary gland) that stimulates another gland to secrete its hormone or hormones. sex hormone
Related to sex hormone: Sex hormone therapy, Sex hormone binding globulinSynonyms for sex hormonenoun any hormone affecting the development and growth of sex organsSynonymsRelated Words- endocrine
- hormone
- internal secretion
- progestin
- progestogen
- androgen
- androgenic hormone
- estrogen
- oestrogen
- adrenal cortical steroid
- corticoid
- corticosteroid
- anabolic steroid
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