Tillich, Paul

Tillich, Paul (Johannes)

(1886–1965) theologian, philosopher; born in Starzeddel, Prussia. Educated in theology and philosophy and ordained a Lutheran minister (1912), he was a chaplain in World War I, then pursued an academic career, but his religiously grounded socialism and opposition to Hitler led to suspension from the University of Frankfurt in 1933. Emigrating to America, he held posts at Union Theological Seminary (1933–55), Harvard (1955–62), and the University of Chicago (1962–65). He emerged in lectures, sermons, and writings as an "apostle to the skeptics," seeking to harmonize Christianity and modern culture. His existentially oriented work, The Courage to Be (1952), focusing on God as object of "ultimate concern," was one of several that reached a wide audience; he became perhaps the century's best-known American theologian. His principal work was the three-volume Systematic Theology (1951, 1957, 1963).