Tiahuanaco

enUK

Tiahuanaco

(tyäwänä`kō), ancient native ruin, W Bolivia, 34 mi (55 km) S of Lake TiticacaTiticaca
, lake, c.3,200 sq mi (8,290 sq km), 110 mi (177 km) long, and c.900 ft (270 m) deep at at its deepest point, in the Andes Mts., on the Bolivia-Peru border; second largest freshwater lake in South America and the world's highest large lake (c.
..... Click the link for more information. on the Tiahuanaco R. in the S central Andes, near the Peruvian border; also called Tiwanaku or Tiahuanacu. Nearly 13,000 ft (3,962 m) above sea level, Tiahuanaco was probably the center of a pre-Inca empire and is believed by some to have been built by the AymaraAymara
, Native South Americans inhabiting the Lake Titicaca basin in Peru and Bolivia. The originators of the great culture represented by the ruins of Tiahuanaco were very likely Aymara speakers. Although subjugated by the Inca in the 15th cent.
..... Click the link for more information. and to have had some 30,000–40,000 inhabitants. Much of the construction is unfinished. Building was begun at some time before A.D. 500, and there is evidence of additional construction c.1100–1300. About 1000, Tiahuanaco culture spread to E Bolivia, N Chile, and Peru; the culture flourished for about 200 years. Built of massive blocks weighing up to 100 tons and brought from several miles away, the structures of Tiahuanaco consisted of terraced pyramids, courts, temples (some containing monolithic stone statues of human figures), and urban areas covering some 2.3 sq mi (13.6 sq m) and are superb examples of masonry. The stones, fitted together without mortar, were cut, squared, dressed, and notched with a precision equaled in no other aboriginal South American civilization, not even the Inca. Construction is largely of the platform or monolithic type decorated by conventional incised carving or heads in low relief. The creators of Tiahuanaco excelled as well at ceramics; Tiahuanaco painted pottery is one of the great achievements of pre-Columbian art. Also found at Tiahuanaco were goods made of copper, silver, and obsidian, thought to have been used by the society's elite members.

Bibliography

See A. Posnansky, Tiahuanacu (4 vol., 1945–58); J. A. Mason, The Ancient Civilizations of Peru (1957, rev. ed. 1988); A. L. Kolata, The Tiwanaku (1993).

Tiahuanaco

an American Indian civilization that existed in northern Bolivia at the end of the first millennium B.C. and in the first millennium A.D. Located southeast of Lake Titicaca are the remains of the center of Tiahuanaco, which measured 40 hectares in area and was characterized by blocks of dwellings. Structures in the settlement were made mainly of basalt and sandstone blocks. Remains include the Akapana pyramid, 15 m in height, and the Kalasasaya temple complex, which, once enclosed by a wall with a staircase at the entrance, is known for the monolithic Gateway to the Sun and its frieze depicting a god and rows of mythical creatures running toward him. The site also includes the Palacio and the ruins of other buildings. Richly ornamented stone figures and patterned and painted pottery were among objects discovered at the site.

The founders of Tiahuanaco were related to the tribes of central Peru. They grew crops, raised llamas, and apparently reached the level of an early class society. At the end of the first millennium A.D., Tiahuanaco wielded influence over an extensive area, which probably reflected the political supremacy of its founders. The civilization also greatly influenced the ancient art of the Andes. At the end of the first millennium A.D., the civilization of Tiahuanaco came to an end and its territory was occupied by ancestors of the modern-day Ay mará Indians.

REFERENCE

Bashilov, V. A. Drevnie tsivilizatsii Peru i Bolivii. Moscow, 1972. Pages 58–72.

单词	tiahuanaco
释义	Tiahuanaco enUK Ti·a·hua·na·co T0201900 (tē′ə-wə-nä′kō) or Ti·wa·na·ku (tē′wə-nä′ko͞o) A site of pre-Incan ruins in western Bolivia near the southern end of Lake Titicaca. The ruins, including statues, monoliths, and temple platforms, are evidence of a civilization that flourished here from c. 500 to 1200. Tiahuanaco enUK Tiahuanaco (tyäwänä`kō), ancient native ruin, W Bolivia, 34 mi (55 km) S of Lake TiticacaTiticaca , lake, c.3,200 sq mi (8,290 sq km), 110 mi (177 km) long, and c.900 ft (270 m) deep at at its deepest point, in the Andes Mts., on the Bolivia-Peru border; second largest freshwater lake in South America and the world's highest large lake (c. ..... Click the link for more information. on the Tiahuanaco R. in the S central Andes, near the Peruvian border; also called Tiwanaku or Tiahuanacu. Nearly 13,000 ft (3,962 m) above sea level, Tiahuanaco was probably the center of a pre-Inca empire and is believed by some to have been built by the AymaraAymara , Native South Americans inhabiting the Lake Titicaca basin in Peru and Bolivia. The originators of the great culture represented by the ruins of Tiahuanaco were very likely Aymara speakers. Although subjugated by the Inca in the 15th cent. ..... Click the link for more information. and to have had some 30,000–40,000 inhabitants. Much of the construction is unfinished. Building was begun at some time before A.D. 500, and there is evidence of additional construction c.1100–1300. About 1000, Tiahuanaco culture spread to E Bolivia, N Chile, and Peru; the culture flourished for about 200 years. Built of massive blocks weighing up to 100 tons and brought from several miles away, the structures of Tiahuanaco consisted of terraced pyramids, courts, temples (some containing monolithic stone statues of human figures), and urban areas covering some 2.3 sq mi (13.6 sq m) and are superb examples of masonry. The stones, fitted together without mortar, were cut, squared, dressed, and notched with a precision equaled in no other aboriginal South American civilization, not even the Inca. Construction is largely of the platform or monolithic type decorated by conventional incised carving or heads in low relief. The creators of Tiahuanaco excelled as well at ceramics; Tiahuanaco painted pottery is one of the great achievements of pre-Columbian art. Also found at Tiahuanaco were goods made of copper, silver, and obsidian, thought to have been used by the society's elite members. Bibliography See A. Posnansky, Tiahuanacu (4 vol., 1945–58); J. A. Mason, The Ancient Civilizations of Peru (1957, rev. ed. 1988); A. L. Kolata, The Tiwanaku (1993). Tiahuanaco an American Indian civilization that existed in northern Bolivia at the end of the first millennium B.C. and in the first millennium A.D. Located southeast of Lake Titicaca are the remains of the center of Tiahuanaco, which measured 40 hectares in area and was characterized by blocks of dwellings. Structures in the settlement were made mainly of basalt and sandstone blocks. Remains include the Akapana pyramid, 15 m in height, and the Kalasasaya temple complex, which, once enclosed by a wall with a staircase at the entrance, is known for the monolithic Gateway to the Sun and its frieze depicting a god and rows of mythical creatures running toward him. The site also includes the Palacio and the ruins of other buildings. Richly ornamented stone figures and patterned and painted pottery were among objects discovered at the site. The founders of Tiahuanaco were related to the tribes of central Peru. They grew crops, raised llamas, and apparently reached the level of an early class society. At the end of the first millennium A.D., Tiahuanaco wielded influence over an extensive area, which probably reflected the political supremacy of its founders. The civilization also greatly influenced the ancient art of the Andes. At the end of the first millennium A.D., the civilization of Tiahuanaco came to an end and its territory was occupied by ancestors of the modern-day Ay mará Indians. REFERENCE Bashilov, V. A. Drevnie tsivilizatsii Peru i Bolivii. Moscow, 1972. Pages 58–72.
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Tiahuanaco

Ti·a·hua·na·co

Tiahuanaco

Tiahuanaco

Bibliography

Tiahuanaco

REFERENCE