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sepsis
sep·sis S0272700 (sĕp′sĭs)n. Systemic infection by pathogenic microorganisms, especially bacteria, that have invaded the bloodstream, usually from a local source. Sepsis is characterized by fever, increased number of white blood cells, increased heart rate, and other signs of widespread infection.
[Greek sēpsis, putrefaction, from sēpein, to make rotten.]sepsis (ˈsɛpsɪs) n (Pathology) the presence of pus-forming bacteria in the body[C19: via New Latin from Greek sēpsis a rotting; related to Greek sēpein to cause to decay]sep•sis (ˈsɛp sɪs)
n. local or generalized invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins. [1855–60; < Greek sêpsis decay] sep·sis (sĕp′sĭs) Infection of the blood by disease-causing microorganisms, especially bacteria.
septic adjectivesepsisblood poisoning caused by absorption into the blood of pathogenic microorganisms. — septic, adj.See also: Blood and Blood VesselsThesaurus| Noun | 1. | sepsis - the presence of pus-forming bacteria or their toxins in the blood or tissuesinfection - the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganismsblood poisoning, septicaemia, septicemia - invasion of the bloodstream by virulent microorganisms from a focus of infectionsapraemia, sapremia - blood poisoning caused by putrefactive bacteria; results from eating putrefied matter |
TranslationsBlutvergiftungsepsissepticemiasepsisepsis
sepsis the presence of pus-forming bacteria in the body Sepsis a severe infectious disease affecting man and animals caused by the entry of pyogenic microorganisms and their toxins into the blood and tissues. The causative agents of sepsis are most often streptococci and staphylococci; less common causative agents are pneumococci, colon bacillus, and other microorganisms. Sepsis is usually a complication of a wound or an inflammatory process. A weakening in the body’s defense mechanisms as a result of a serious illness, surgery, a severe loss of blood, or poor nutrition may lead to the development of the disease in humans. The source of surgical sepsis may be a suppurative wound or the complicated course of local purulent diseases, including furuncles, carbuncles, and phlegmons. Complications after childbirth or abortion may lead to puerperal sepsis, when infection enters the body through the uterine mucosa. Purulent processes or damage to the organs of the urogenital system and urinary engorgement and infection may result in urosepsis, and acute or chronic purulent diseases of the organs of the oral cavity may lead to oral sepsis. Sepsis is manifested by local symptoms at the primary focus of the disease; for example, the cleansing of a wound and the growth of granulations in the wound cease, and the granulations appear pale and dry, with a turbid coating. The general symptoms include headache and, in serious cases, mental confusion, a body temperature reaching 39–40°C with large daily fluctuations, progressive emaciation, an increase in the pulse rate, a decrease in arterial pressure, and the development of thromboses, edemas, and decubital ulcers. The clinical course of sepsis may be immediate (with severe manifestations developing within one or two days), acute (with symptoms developing in five to seven days), subacute, or chronic. The disease often proceeds atypically and its symptoms disappear because of substantial changes in the pathogenic properties of the causative agents resulting from the massive use of antibiotics. For example, at the height of the disease an individual may not have a high temperature. Sepsis may proceed with the formation of local abscesses originating from the primary focus in various organs and tissues—a condition called septicopyemia. During septicopyemia the course of sepsis depends on the distribution of the abscesses, for example, an abscess can be located in the brain, causing neurological disturbances. Sepsis may also proceed without metastatic abscesses—a condition called septicemia. Septicemia is often more severe in its course and general symptoms than septicopyemia. Umbilical sepsis, which develops in the newborn, originates from a purulent process in the tissues and vessels of the umbilical cord. It is characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, the child’s complete refusal of the breast, rapid emaciation, and dehydration. The skin loses its elasticity, becomes dry, and acquires an earthy color. Frequently, there is local suppuration around the navel, and deep phlegmons and abscesses develop in other areas. The manifestations of sepsis in animals are basically the same as those in humans. The treatment of sepsis is directed toward controlling the infection with sulfanilamide preparations and large doses of antibiotics. The dosage of antibiotics is determined by the sensitivity of the causative agent. The body’s resistance is strengthened with vitaminized high-calorie nutrition, blood transfusion, infusion of protein preparations, and the use of specific serums, autovaccines, and gamma globulin. Local treatment when there are wounds includes the timely removal of necrosed tissues and opening of purulent swellings, the constant drainage of purulent discharge, and the administration of antibiotics and antiseptics. REFERENCESShlapoberskii, V. Ia. Khirurgicheskii sepsis: Klinika i lechenie. Moscow, 1952.
Skvortsov, M. A. “Pupochnyi sepsis.” In Mnogotomnoe rukovodstvo po patologicheskoi anatomii, vol. 3. Moscow, 1960.
Bublichenko, L. I., and S. G. Khaskin. “Poslerodovye infektsionnye zabolevaniia.” In Mnogotomnoe rukovodstvo po akusherstvu i ginekologii, vol. 3, book 2. Moscow, 1964.V. F. POZHARISKII sepsis[′sep·səs] (medicine) Poisoning by products of putrefaction. The severe toxic, febrile state resulting from infection with pyogenic microorganisms, with or without associated septicemia. sepsis
Sepsis DefinitionSepsis refers to a bacterial infection in the bloodstream or body tissues. This is a very broad term covering the presence of many types of microscopic disease-causing organisms.DescriptionSepsis is also called bacteremia. Closely related terms include septicemia and septic syndrome. In the general population, the incidence of sepsis is two people in 10,000. The number of deaths from sepsis each year has almost doubled in the United States since 1980 because more patients are developing the condition. There are three major factors responsible for this increase: a rise in the number of organ transplants and other surgical procedures that require suppressing the patient's immune system; the greater number of elderly people in the population; and the overuse of antibiotics to treat infectious illnesses, resulting in the development of drug-resistant bacteria.Causes and symptomsSepsis can originate anywhere bacteria can gain entry to the body; common sites include the genitourinary tract, the liver and its bile ducts, the gastrointestinal tract, and the lungs. Broken or ulcerated skin can also provide access to bacteria commonly present in the environment. Invasive medical procedures, including dental work, can introduce bacteria or permit them to accumulate in the body. Entry points and equipment left in place for any length of time present a particular risk. Heart valve replacement, catheters, ostomy sites, intravenous (IV) or arterial lines, surgical wounds, or surgical drains are examples. IV drug users are at high risk as well.People with inefficient immune systems, HIV infection, spinal cord injuries, or blood disorders are at particular risk for sepsis and have a higher death rate (up to 60%); in people who have no underlying chronic disease, the death rate is far lower (about 5%). The growing problem of antibiotic resistance has increased the incidence of sepsis, partly because ordinary preventive measures (such as prophylactic antibiotics) are less effective.Cancer patients are at an increased risk of developing sepsis because chemotherapy and other forms of treatment for cancer weaken their immune systems.The most common symptom of sepsis is fever, often accompanied by chills or shaking, or other flu-like symptoms. A history of any recent invasive procedure or dental work should raise the suspicion of sepsis and medical help should be sought.DiagnosisThe presence of sepsis is indicated by blood tests showing particularly high or low white blood cell counts. The causative agent is determined by blood culture.In some cases the doctor may order imaging studies to rule out pneumonia, or to determine whether the sepsis has developed from a ruptured appendix or other leakage from the digestive tract into the abdomen.TreatmentIdentifying the specific causative agent ultimately determines how sepsis is treated. However, time is of the essence, so a broad-spectrum antibiotic or multiple antibiotics will be administered until blood cultures reveal the culprit and treatment can be made specific to the organism. Intravenous antibiotic therapy is usually necessary and is administered in the hospital. The patient's chances of survival are increased by rapid admission to an intensive care unit followed by aggressive treatment with antibiotics.Key termsBacteremia — The medical term for sepsis.Prophylactic — Referring to medications or other treatments given to prevent disease.ResourcesBooksBeers, Mark H., MD, and Robert Berkow, MD., editors. "Bacteremia and Septic Shock." Section 13, Chapter 156 In The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Research Laboratories, 2004.PeriodicalsCunha, Burke A., MD. "Sepsis, Bacterial." eMedicine September 29, 2004. http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3163.htm.Koranyi, K. I., and M. A. Ranalli. "Mycobacterium aurum Bacteremia in an Immunocompromised Child." Pediatric Infectious Diseases Journal 22 (December 2003): 1108-1109.Larche, J., E. Azoulay, F. Fieux, et al. "Improved Survival of Critically Ill Cancer Patients with Septic Shock." Intensive Care Medicine 29 (October 2003): 1688-1695.Paphitou, N. I., and K. V. Rolston. "Catheter-Related Bacteremia Caused by Agrobacterium radiobacter in a Cancer Patient: Case Report and Literature Review." Infection 31 (December 2003): 421-424.Petrosillo, N., L. Pagani, G. Ippolito, et al. "Nosocomial Infections in HIV-Positive Patients: An Overview." Infection 31, Supplement 2 (December 2003): 28-34.Wall, B. M., T. Mangold, K. M. Huch, et al. "Bacteremia in the Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Population: Risk Factors for Mortality." Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine 26 (Fall 2003): 248-253.OrganizationsAmerican College of Epidemiology. 1500 Sunday Drive, Suite 102, Raleigh, NC 27607. (919) 861-5573. http://www.acepidemiology.org.American Public Health Association (APHA). 800 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710. (202) 777-APHA. http://www.apha.org.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333. (800) 311-3435, (404) 639-3311. http://www.cdc.gov.Other"Supportive Care for Patients—Fever, Chills, and Sweats." National Cancer Institute Cancer Net 16 April 16, 2001. http://cancernet.nci.nih.gov/coping.html.sepsis [sep´sis] 1. the presence in the blood or other tissues of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins.2. septicemia.puerperal sepsis sepsis after childbirth, due to putrefactive matter absorbed from the birth canal; see also puerperal fever.sep·sis, pl. sep·ses (sep'sis, -sēz), The presence of various pathogenic organisms, or their toxins, in the blood or tissues; septicemia is a common type of sepsis. [G. sēpsis, putrefaction] sepsis (sĕp′sĭs)n. Systemic infection by pathogenic microorganisms, especially bacteria, that have invaded the bloodstream, usually from a local source. Sepsis is characterized by fever, increased number of white blood cells, increased heart rate, and other signs of widespread infection.sepsis Infectious disease Sepsis is defined by clinical parameters as 'SIRS–systemic inflammatory response syndrome plus a documented–ie, 'culture-positive' infection', and is part of a continuum of an inflammatory response to infection that evolves toward septic shock Clinical Tachypnea, tachycardia, hyperthermia, hypothermia Management Ibuprofen ↓ prostacyclin, thromboxane, ↓ tachycardia, fever, O2 consumption, lactic acidosis; NSAIDs do not prevent shock, ARDS, or improve survival. See Postanginal sepsis, Septic shock, Severe sepsis, SIRS. sep·sis, pl. sepses (sep'sis, -sēz) The presence of various pus-forming and other pathogenic organisms, or their toxins, in the blood or tissues; septicemia is a common type of sepsis. [G. sēpsis, putrefaction]sepsis The condition associated with the presence in the body tissues or the blood of micro-organisms that cause infection or of the toxins produced by such organisms. Sepsis varies in severity from a purely local problem to an overwhelming and fatal bacterial intoxication. Sepsis has been defined as the systemic inflammatory response to infection based on the clinical criteria of a temperature over 38 C, a heart rate of over 90 beats per minute, a respiratory rate of over 20 per minute and a white blood cell count increase of more than 12,000 or with more than 10 per cent immature neutrophil polymorphs. Severe sepsis is defined as sepsis associated with organ dysfunction. Severe sepsis has a mortality of up to 50 per cent.sep·sis, pl. sepses (sep'sis, -sēz) Presence of various pathogenic organisms, or their toxins, in blood or tissues. [G. sēpsis, putrefaction]Patient discussion about sepsisQ. What Is Sepsis? What does the term "sepsis" mean? A. Sepsis is a very serious medical condition. It is characterized by an inflammatory state of the entire body, caused by an infection. The infection may be viral, bacterial or another, and sometimes is caused by specific bacterial toxins, in the blood or tissues.
More discussions about sepsissepsis
Related to sepsis: neonatal sepsisWords related to sepsisnoun the presence of pus-forming bacteria or their toxins in the blood or tissuesRelated Words- infection
- blood poisoning
- septicaemia
- septicemia
- sapraemia
- sapremia
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