| 释义 |
rounding
round 1 R0320700 (round)adj. round·er, round·est 1. a. Being such that every part of the surface or the circumference is equidistant from the center: a round ball.b. Moving in or forming a circle.c. Shaped like a cylinder; cylindrical.d. Rather rounded in shape: the child's round face.e. Full in physique; plump: a round figure.2. a. Linguistics Formed or articulated with the lips in a rounded shape: a round vowel.b. Full in tone; sonorous.3. Whole or complete; full: a round dozen.4. a. Mathematics Having been rounded.b. Not exact, especially when expressed as a multiple of 10; approximate: a round estimate.5. Large; considerable: a round sum of money.6. Brought to satisfactory conclusion or completion; finished.7. a. Outspoken; blunt: a round scolding.b. Done with full force; unrestrained: gave me a round thrashing.n.1. a. Something, such as a circle, disk, globe, or ring, that is round.b. A circle formed of various things.c. Movement around a circle or about an axis.2. A rung or crossbar, as one on a ladder or chair.3. A cut of beef from the part of the thigh between the rump and the shank.4. An assembly of people; a group.5. A round dance.6. a. A complete course, succession, or series: a round of parties; a round of negotiations.b. often rounds A course of customary or prescribed actions, duties, or places: physicians' rounds.7. A complete range or extent.8. One drink for each person in a gathering or group: Let me buy the next round.9. A single outburst, as of applause or cheering.10. a. A single shot or volley.b. Ammunition for a single shot or volley.11. A specified number of arrows shot from a specified distance to a target in archery.12. Sports & Games A unit of play that occupies a specified time, constitutes a certain number of plays, or allows each player a turn, especially the 18-hole sequence played in golf or one of the periods in a boxing match.13. Music A composition for two or more voices in which each voice enters at a different time with the same melody.v. round·ed, round·ing, rounds v.tr.1. To make round or curved: rounded his lips in surprise; rounded off the end of the board.2. Linguistics To pronounce with rounded lips; labialize.3. To fill out; make plump.4. To bring to completion or perfection; finish. Often used with out or off: The new dog rounded out our household. The speaker rounded off his lecture with a joke.5. Mathematics To approximate (a real number) by a nearby rational number with a specified level of precision. When rounded to the nearest hundred, 286 becomes 300. When rounded to the nearest tenth, 1.63 becomes 1.6.6. a. To make a turn about or to the other side of: rounded a bend in the road.b. To make a complete circuit of; go or pass around: rounded the entire peninsula.7. Archaic To encompass; surround:v.intr.1. To become round or curved.2. To take a circular course; complete or partially complete a circuit: racecars rounding into the final lap.3. To turn about, as on an axis: rounded and came back across the field.4. To become filled out or plump.5. To develop into satisfactory completion or perfection: is rounding into a fine quarterback.adv.1. In a circular progression or movement; around.2. With revolutions: wheels moving round.3. To a specific place or person: called round for the pastor; sent round for the veterinarian.prep.1. Around.2. From the beginning to the end of; throughout: a plant that grows round the year.Phrasal Verbs: round on To turn on and assail. round up1. To seek out and bring together; gather.2. To herd (cattle) together from various places.Idioms: in the round1. With the stage in the center of the audience.2. Fully shaped so as to stand free of a background: a sculpture in the round. make/go the rounds1. To go from place to place, as on business or for entertainment: a delivery truck making the rounds; students going the rounds in the entertainment district.2. To be communicated or passed from person to person: The news quickly made the rounds. A piece of juicy gossip is going the rounds.
[Middle English, from Anglo-Norman rounde, variant of Old French rond, ultimately from Vulgar Latin *retundus, from Latin rotundus; see ret- in Indo-European roots.]
round′ness n.
round 2 R0320700 (round)tr.v. round·ed, round·ing, rounds Archaic To whisper.
[Middle English rounden, from Old English rūnian, from rūn, a secret.]rounding (ˈraʊndɪŋ) n (Computer Science) computing a process in which a number is approximated as the closest number that can be expressed using the number of bits or digits availableThesaurus| Noun | 1. | rounding - (mathematics) a miscalculation that results from rounding off numbers to a convenient number of decimals; "the error in the calculation was attributable to rounding"; "taxes are rounded off to the nearest dollar but the rounding error is surprisingly small"rounding errormiscalculation, misestimation, misreckoning - a mistake in calculatingmath, mathematics, maths - a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement |
TranslationsLabialisierungRundungστρογγύλωσηarrotondamento
IdiomsSeeroundRounding
rounding[′rau̇nd·iŋ] (mathematics) Dropping or neglecting decimals after some significant place. Also known as truncation. Rounding The rounding of a number is the approximate representation of the number in some numerical notation by means of a finite number of digits. Rounding is necessitated by the requirements of computation, in which a final result generally cannot be obtained with absolute accuracy and the purposeless writing out of superfluous digits should be avoided by limiting all numbers to just the necessary quantity of characters. When a number is rounded, it is transformed into another number with t digits that is an approximate representation of it. The resulting error is called the rounding, or round-off, error. Various methods of rounding are used. The simplest, truncation, consists of discarding the low-order digits of a number after the t th digit. The absolute error in this case does not exceed a unity in the t th place of the number. The rounding method usually used in hand calculations consists in rounding the number to the nearest t-place number. The absolute rounding error in this case does not exceed half of unity in the t th digit of the number. This method gives the minimum possible error of all methods that round to t places. The rounding methods used in a computer are determined by the computer’s purpose and capabilities and as a rule are less precise than rounding to the nearest t-place number. The modes of arithmetic most widely used in digital computers are floating point and fixed point. In floating point arithmetic the rounded result has a fixed number of significant digits, whereas in fixed point arithmetic it has a fixed number of digits after the decimal point. In the first case we say we are rounding to t places, and in the second case, to t places after the decimal point. Also, in the first case the relative rounding error is controlled, whereas in the second case it is the absolute error that is controlled. In connection with the use of computers, studies have been made of the accumulation of rounding errors in large-scale computations. The analysis of error accumulation in numerical methods permits characterization of the methods according to their sensitivity to rounding errors. It makes possible the creation of strategies for implementing the methods in computational practice—strategies that take rounding errors into account. Finally, such analysis makes possible estimation of the accuracy of final results. REFERENCESKrylov, A. N. Lektsii o priblizhennykh vychisleniiakh, 6th ed. Moscow, 1954.
Berezin, I. S., and N. P. Zhidkov. Metody vychislenii, 3rd ed., vol. 1.
Moscow, 1966. Bakhvalov, N. S. Chislennye metody. Moscow, 1973.G. D. KIM rounding
Synonyms for roundingnoun (mathematics) a miscalculation that results from rounding off numbers to a convenient number of decimalsSynonymsRelated Words- miscalculation
- misestimation
- misreckoning
- math
- mathematics
- maths
|