| 释义 |
Pasteur effect
Pasteur effectn. The inhibiting effect of oxygen on the process of fermentation.
[After Louis Pasteur.]
Pasteur Effect
Pasteur effect[pa′stər i‚fekt] (microbiology) Inhibition of fermentation by supplying an abundance of oxygen to replace anerobic conditions. Pasteur Effect a slowing or complete cessation of alcoholic fermentation in the presence of oxygen; first observed by L. Pasteur. The effect also occurs in animals and plant tissues, where O2 inhibits anaerobic glycolysis. The Pasteur effect involves the transition from anaerobic glycolysis (fermentation) to respiration (the consumption of O2) in the presence of O2, and its significance lies in the fact that the cells switch to a more economical mode of obtaining energy. For a given substrate, approximately 20 times as much energy is extracted during respiration as during fermentation. As a result, the rate of utilization of the substrate, for example, glucose, decreases in the presence of O2. The molecular mechanism of the Pasteur effect apparently consists in the competition between respiration and fermentative glycolysis for adenosine disphosphate (ADP), which is used to form adenosine triphosphate (ATP). REFERENCESBiokhimiia rastenii. Moscow, 1968. Chapter 10. (Translated from English.)
Schlegel, H. Obshchaia mikrobiologiia. Moscow, 1972. Chapter 8. (Translated from German.)Pasteur effect
effect [ĕ-fekt´] a result produced by an action.additive effect the combined effect produced by the action of two or more agents, being equal to the sum of their separate effects.adverse effect a symptom produced by a drug or therapy that is injurious to the patient.Bainbridge effect Bainbridge reflex.Bohr effect decreased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen caused by an increase of carbon dioxide; the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve is displaced to the right because of higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide and lower pH. See also Haldane effect. The Bohr effect causing a shift to the right in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve.Crabtree effect the inhibition of oxygen consumption on the addition of glucose to tissues or microorganisms having a high rate of aerobic glycolysis; the converse of the Pasteur effect.cumulative effect the action of a drug or treatment resulting from repeated use.Doppler effect see doppler effect.experimenter e's demand characteristics.extrapyramidal e's the side effects caused by neuroleptic medications, including dystonias, parkinsonism, akathisia, and dyskinesia" >tardive dyskinesia.Haldane effect increased oxygenation of hemoglobin promotes dissociation of carbon dioxide; see also Bohr effect.Hawthorne effect a psychological response in which the subjects in a research study change their behavior simply because they are subjects in a study, not because of the research treatment.heel effect variation in x-ray beam intensity and projected focal spot size along the long axis of the x-ray tube from cathode to anode.parallax effect the position of the image on each emulsion of dual emulsion film; it is accentuated by tube-angled x-ray techniques.Pasteur effect the decrease in the rate of glycolysis and the suppression of lactate accumulation by tissues or microorganisms in the presence of oxygen.photoelectric effect ejection of electrons from matter as a result of interaction with photons from high frequency electromagnetic radiation, such as x-rays; the ejected electrons may be energetic enough to ionize multiple additional atoms.placebo effect the total of all nonspecific effects, both good and adverse, of treatment; it refers primarily to psychological and psychophysiological effects associated with the caregiver-patient relationship and the patient's expectations and apprehensions concerning the treatment. See also placebo.position effect in genetics, the changed effect produced by alteration of the relative positions of various genes on the chromosomes.pressure effect the sum of the changes that are due to obstruction of tissue drainage by pressure.proarrhythmic effect any new, more advanced form of arrhythmia caused by an antiarrhythmic agent, especially those that produce hemodynamically important symptoms. These arrhythmias occur less than 30 days after initiation of treatment and are not due to a new event such as acute myocardial infarction or hypokalemia.side effect a consequence other than that for which an agent is used, especially an adverse effect on another organ system.Somogyi effect see somogyi effect.Pas·teur ef·fect (pahs-tūr'), the inhibition of fermentation by oxygen, first observed by Pasteur; either not observed, or only slightly observed, in malignant tumors. Compare: Crabtree effect. Pasteur effectn. The inhibiting effect of oxygen on the process of fermentation.Pas·teur ef·fect (pahs'tūr e-fekt') The inhibition of fermentation by oxygen, first observed by Louis Pasteur; either not observed, or only slightly observed, in malignant tumors. Pasteur, Louis, French chemist and bacteriologist, 1822-1895. PasteurellaPasteurella aerogenes - species found in swine that can cause human wound infections following a pig bit.Pasteurella multocida - bacterial species associated with dogs and cats.Pasteurella pestis - Synonym(s): Yersinia pseudotuberculosisPasteurella "SP" - a rarely encountered organism that can cause infection after a guinea pig bitePasteurella tularensis - Synonym(s): Francisella tularensisPasteur effect - the inhibition of fermentation by oxygen, first observed by Pasteur.Pasteur pipette - a cotton-plugged, glass tube drawn out to a fine tip, used for the sterile transfer of small volumes of fluid.Pasteur vaccinepasteurellosis - infection with bacteria of Pasteurella.pasteurization - bacteria destruction process.pasteurizer - pasteurization apparatus.LegalSeeEffectThesaurusSeeeffect |