rough

roughleft: rough jaderight: polished jade

rough

R0340150 (rŭf)adj. rough·er, rough·est 1. a. Having a surface marked by irregularities, protuberances, or ridges; not smooth: planed the board so it was no longer rough.b. Coarse or shaggy to the touch: a rough scratchy blanket.2. a. Difficult to travel over or through: the rough terrain of the highlands.b. Characterized by violent motion; turbulent: rough waters.c. Difficult to endure or live through, especially because of harsh or inclement weather: a rough winter.d. Unpleasant or difficult: had a rough time during the exam.3. a. Characterized by or done with violence or forcefulness: a sport noted for rough play; a package that received rough handling.b. Boisterous, disorderly, or given to violence: ran with a rough crowd.c. Characterized by violence or crime: lives in a rough neighborhood.d. Lacking polish or finesse: rough manners.4. Harsh to the ear: a rough raspy sound.5. Being in a natural state: rough diamonds.6. Not perfected, completed, or fully detailed: a rough drawing; rough carpentry.n.1. The surface or part of something that is uneven or coarse: felt the rough of his chin.2. a. Rugged overgrown terrain.b. Sports The area of a golf hole in which the grass is left unmowed or is cut to a length longer than that of the fairway.3. a. A disorderly, unrefined, or unfinished state.b. A difficult or disagreeable aspect or condition of something: observed politics in the rough when working as an intern on Capitol Hill.4. A person given to violent or disorderly behavior; a rowdy.tr.v. roughed, rough·ing, roughs 1. a. To treat roughly or with physical violence: roughed up his opponent.b. Sports To treat (an opposing player) with unnecessary roughness, often in violation of the rules: was ejected from the game for roughing the passer.2. To prepare or indicate in an unfinished form: rough out a house plan.adv. In a rough manner; roughly: The engine began to run rough and faltered.Idiom: rough it To live without the usual comforts and conveniences: roughed it in a small hunting shack.

[Middle English, from Old English rūh.]

rough′er n.rough′ly adv.rough′ness n.

rough

(rʌf) adj1. (of a surface) not smooth; uneven or irregular2. (of ground) covered with scrub, boulders, etc3. denoting or taking place on uncultivated ground: rough grazing; rough shooting. 4. shaggy or hairy5. turbulent; agitated: a rough sea. 6. (of the performance or motion of something) uneven; irregular: a rough engine. 7. (of behaviour or character) rude, coarse, ill mannered, inconsiderate, or violent8. harsh or sharp: rough words. 9. informal severe or unpleasant: a rough lesson. 10. (of work, a task, etc) requiring physical rather than mental effort11. informal ill or physically upset: he felt rough after an evening of heavy drinking. 12. unfair or unjust: rough luck. 13. harsh or grating to the ear14. harsh to the taste15. without refinement, luxury, etc16. not polished or perfected in any detail; rudimentary; not elaborate: rough workmanship; rough justice. 17. not prepared or dressed: rough gemstones. 18. (of a guess, estimate, etc) approximate19. informal Austral (of a chance) not good20. (Phonetics & Phonology) having the sound of h; aspirated21. rough on informal chiefly a. severe towardsb. unfortunate for (a person)22. the rough side of one's tongue harsh words; a reprimand, rebuke, or verbal attackn23. rough ground24. (Art Terms) a sketch or preliminary piece of artwork25. an unfinished or crude state (esp in the phrase in the rough)26. (Golf) the rough golf the part of the course bordering the fairways where the grass is untrimmed27. (Tennis) tennis squash badminton the side of a racket on which the binding strings form an uneven line28. (Squash & Fives) tennis squash badminton the side of a racket on which the binding strings form an uneven line29. (Badminton) tennis squash badminton the side of a racket on which the binding strings form an uneven line30. informal a rough or violent person; thug31. the unpleasant side of something (esp in the phrase take the rough with the smooth)adv32. in a rough manner; roughly33. sleep rough to spend the night in the open; be without a home or without sheltervb34. (tr) to make rough; roughen35. (tr; foll by out, in, etc) to prepare (a sketch, report, piece of work, etc) in preliminary form36. rough it informal to live without the usual comforts or conveniences of life[Old English rūh; related to Old Norse ruksa, Middle Dutch rūge, rūwe, German rauh] ˈroughness n

rough

(rʌf)

adj. rough•er, rough•est,
n., adv., v. adj. 1. having a coarse or uneven surface, as from projections, irregularities, or breaks. 2. shaggy or coarse: a dog with a rough coat. 3. steep or uneven and covered with high grass, brush, stones, etc.; wild: rough country. 4. acting with or characterized by violence: a rough sport. 5. characterized by turbulence: rough seas. 6. stormy or tempestuous, as wind or weather. 7. lacking in gentleness, care, or consideration: rough handling. 8. sharp or harsh: rough words. 9. unmannerly or rude. 10. disorderly or riotous: a rough mob. 11. difficult or unpleasant: to have a rough time of it. 12. harsh to the ear. 13. harsh to the taste. 14. coarse, as food. 15. lacking culture or refinement. 16. without comforts or conveniences: rough camping. 17. not elaborated, perfected, or corrected; unpolished: a rough draft. 18. approximate or tentative: a rough guess. 19. crude, nonprocessed, or unprepared: rough rice. 20. requiring exertion or strength: rough manual labor. n. 21. something that is rough, esp. rough ground. 22. any part of a golf course bordering the fairway on which the grass, weeds, etc., are not trimmed. 23. the unpleasant or difficult part of anything. 24. anything in its crude or preliminary form, as a drawing. adv. 25. in a rough manner; roughly. v.t. 26. to make rough; roughen. 27. to subject to physical violence (usu. fol. by up). 28. to subject to some rough, preliminary process of working or preparation. 29. to sketch roughly or in outline (often fol. by in or out). 30. to subject (a player on an opposing team) to unnecessary physical abuse, as in blocking or tackling. v.i. 31. to become rough, as a surface. 32. to behave roughly. Idioms: rough it, to live without customary comforts or conveniences. [before 1000; Middle English (adj. and n.), Old English rūh (adj.), c. Middle Dutch rū(ch), Old High German rūh (German rauh)] rough′ish, adj. rough′ly, adv.

rough

Past participle: roughed
Gerund: roughing

Imperative
rough
rough

Present
I rough
you rough
he/she/it roughs
we rough
you rough
they rough

Preterite
I roughed
you roughed
he/she/it roughed
we roughed
you roughed
they roughed

Present Continuous
I am roughing
you are roughing
he/she/it is roughing
we are roughing
you are roughing
they are roughing

Present Perfect
I have roughed
you have roughed
he/she/it has roughed
we have roughed
you have roughed
they have roughed

Past Continuous
I was roughing
you were roughing
he/she/it was roughing
we were roughing
you were roughing
they were roughing

Past Perfect
I had roughed
you had roughed
he/she/it had roughed
we had roughed
you had roughed
they had roughed

Future
I will rough
you will rough
he/she/it will rough
we will rough
you will rough
they will rough

Future Perfect
I will have roughed
you will have roughed
he/she/it will have roughed
we will have roughed
you will have roughed
they will have roughed

Future Continuous
I will be roughing
you will be roughing
he/she/it will be roughing
we will be roughing
you will be roughing
they will be roughing

Present Perfect Continuous
I have been roughing
you have been roughing
he/she/it has been roughing
we have been roughing
you have been roughing
they have been roughing

Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been roughing
you will have been roughing
he/she/it will have been roughing
we will have been roughing
you will have been roughing
they will have been roughing

Past Perfect Continuous
I had been roughing
you had been roughing
he/she/it had been roughing
we had been roughing
you had been roughing
they had been roughing

Conditional
I would rough
you would rough
he/she/it would rough
we would rough
you would rough
they would rough

Past Conditional
I would have roughed
you would have roughed
he/she/it would have roughed
we would have roughed
you would have roughed
they would have roughed

rough

Untrimmed grass bordering the fairway.

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	rough - the part of a golf course bordering the fairway where the grass is not cut shortgolf course, links course - course consisting of a large landscaped area for playing golfland site, site - the piece of land on which something is located (or is to be located); "a good site for the school"
Verb	1.	rough - prepare in preliminary or sketchy formrough in, rough outprepare - to prepare verbally, either for written or spoken delivery; "prepare a report"; "prepare a speech"
Adj.	1.	rough - having or caused by an irregular surface; "trees with rough bark"; "rough ground"; "rough skin"; "rough blankets"; "his unsmooth face"unsmoothuneven - not even or uniform as e.g. in shape or texture; "an uneven color"; "uneven ground"; "uneven margins"; "wood with an uneven grain"unironed, wrinkled - (of linens or clothes) not ironed; "a pile of unironed laundry"; "wore unironed jeans"unpolished - not carefully reworked or perfected or made smooth by polishing; "dull unpolished shoes"irregular - contrary to rule or accepted order or general practice; "irregular hiring practices"coarse, harsh - of textures that are rough to the touch or substances consisting of relatively large particles; "coarse meal"; "coarse sand"; "a coarse weave"nonslippery - not slippery; not likely to slip or skidsmooth - having a surface free from roughness or bumps or ridges or irregularities; "smooth skin"; "a smooth tabletop"; "smooth fabric"; "a smooth road"; "water as smooth as a mirror"
	2.	rough - (of persons or behavior) lacking refinement or finesse; "she was a diamond in the rough"; "rough manners"unrefined - (used of persons and their behavior) not refined; uncouth; "how can a refined girl be drawn to such an unrefined man?"
	3.	rough - not quite exact or correct; "the approximate time was 10 o'clock"; "a rough guess"; "a ballpark estimate"approximate, approximativeinexact - not exact
	4.	rough - full of hardship or trials; "the rocky road to success"; "they were having a rough time"rockydifficult, hard - not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure; "a difficult task"; "nesting places on the cliffs are difficult of access"; "difficult times"; "why is it so hard for you to keep a secret?"
	5.	rough - violently agitated and turbulent; "boisterous winds and waves"; "the fierce thunders roar me their music"- Ezra Pound; "rough weather"; "rough seas"boisterous, fiercestormy - (especially of weather) affected or characterized by storms or commotion; "a stormy day"; "wide and stormy seas"
	6.	rough - unpleasantly harsh or grating in sound; "a gravelly voice"grating, rasping, raspy, gravelly, scratchycacophonic, cacophonous - having an unpleasant sound; "as cacophonous as a henyard"- John McCarten
	7.	rough - ready and able to resort to force or violence; "pugnacious spirits...lamented that there was so little prospect of an exhilarating disturbance"- Herman Melville; "they were rough and determined fighting men"pugnaciousaggressive - having or showing determination and energetic pursuit of your ends; "an aggressive businessman"; "an aggressive basketball player"; "he was aggressive and imperious; positive in his convictions"; "aggressive drivers"
	8.	rough - of the margin of a leaf shape; having the edge cut or fringed or scallopedphytology, botany - the branch of biology that studies plantsunsubdivided, simple - (botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisionscompound - composed of more than one part; "compound leaves are composed of several lobes; "compound flower heads"smooth - of the margin of a leaf shape; not broken up into teeth
	9.	rough - causing or characterized by jolts and irregular movements; "a rough ride"bumpy, jolting, jolty, jumpy, rockysmooth - of motion that runs or flows or proceeds without jolts or turbulence; "a smooth ride"
	10.	rough - not shaped by cutting or trimming; "an uncut diamond"; "rough gemstones"uncut
	11.	rough - not carefully or expertly made; "managed to make a crude splint"; "a crude cabin of logs with bark still on them"; "rough carpentry"crudeunskilled - not having or showing or requiring special skill or proficiency; "unskilled in the art of rhetoric"; "an enthusiastic but unskillful mountain climber"; "unskilled labor"; "workers in unskilled occupations are finding fewer and fewer job opportunities"; "unskilled workmanship"
	12.	rough - not perfected; "a rough draft"; "a few rough sketches"unpolished - not carefully reworked or perfected or made smooth by polishing; "dull unpolished shoes"
	13.	rough - unpleasantly stern; "wild and harsh country full of hot sand and cactus"; "the nomad life is rough and hazardous"harshunpleasant - disagreeable to the senses, to the mind, or feelings ; "an unpleasant personality"; "unpleasant repercussions"; "unpleasant odors"
	14.	rough - unkind or cruel or uncivil; "had harsh words"; "a harsh and unlovable old tyrant"; "a rough answer"harshunkind - lacking kindness; "a thoughtless and unkind remark"; "the unkindest cut of all"
Adv.	1.	rough - with roughness or violence (`rough' is an informal variant for `roughly'); "he was pushed roughly aside"; "they treated him rough"roughlycolloquialism - a colloquial expression; characteristic of spoken or written communication that seeks to imitate informal speech
	2.	rough - with rough motion as over a rough surface; "ride rough"roughly

rough

adjective1. uneven, broken, rocky, rugged, irregular, jagged, bumpy, stony, craggy She made her way across the rough ground.
uneven even, level, regular, smooth, unbroken2. coarse, disordered, tangled, hairy, fuzzy, bushy, shaggy, dishevelled, uncut, unshaven, tousled, bristly, unshorn people who looked rough and stubbly
coarse soft, smooth3. boisterous, hard, tough, aggressive, brutal, vicious, rugged, arduous, unrestrained Rugby's a rough game.4. ungracious, blunt, rude, coarse, bluff, curt, churlish, bearish, brusque, uncouth, unrefined, inconsiderate, impolite, loutish, untutored, discourteous, unpolished, indelicate, uncivil, uncultured, unceremonious, ill-bred, unmannerly, ill-mannered He was rough and common.
ungracious civil, smooth, sophisticated, elegant, pleasant, delicate, refined, polite, graceful, gracious, courteous, considerate, urbane, courtly, well-bred, well-mannered5. unpleasant, hard, difficult, tough, uncomfortable, drastic, unjust Women have a rough time in our society.
unpleasant easy, soft, comfortable, pleasant, cushy (informal)6. (Informal) unwell, poorly (informal), ill, upset, sick, crook (Austral. & N.Z. informal), rotten (informal), below par, off colour, under the weather (informal), not a hundred per cent (informal), ropey or ropy (Brit. informal) The lad is still feeling a bit rough.7. approximate, estimated, vague, ballpark, imprecise, inexact We were only able to make a rough estimate.
approximate perfected, specific, exact8. vague, general, sketchy, imprecise, hazy, foggy, amorphous, inexact I've got a rough idea of what he looks like.9. basic, quick, raw, crude, unfinished, incomplete, hasty, imperfect, rudimentary, sketchy, cursory, shapeless, rough-and-ready, unrefined, formless, rough-hewn, untutored, unpolished Make a rough plan of the space.
basic detailed, finished, complete, perfected, specific, polished, refined10. rough-hewn, crude, uncut, unpolished, raw, undressed, unprocessed, unhewn, unwrought a rough wooden table11. stormy, wild, turbulent, agitated, choppy, tempestuous, inclement, squally The ships collided in rough seas.
stormy quiet, calm, smooth, gentle, tranquil12. grating, harsh, jarring, raucous, rasping, husky, discordant, gruff, cacophonous, unmusical, inharmonious 'Wait!' a rough voice commanded.
grating soft, smooth, harmonious13. harsh, tough, sharp, severe, nasty, cruel, rowdy, curt, unfeeling I was a bit rough with you this morning.
harsh just, kind, soft, quiet, gentle, pleasant, mildnoun1. outline, draft, mock-up, preliminary sketch, suggestion Editors are always saying that the roughs are better.2. (Informal) thug, tough, casual, rowdy, hoon (Austral. & N.Z.), bully boy, bruiser, ruffian, lager lout, roughneck (slang), ned (slang) The roughs of the town are out.rough and ready1. makeshift, adequate, crude, provisional, improvised, sketchy, thrown together, cobbled together, stopgap Here is a rough and ready measurement.2. unrefined, shabby, untidy, unkempt, unpolished, ungroomed, ill-groomed The soldiers were a bit rough and ready.rough and tumble1. fight, struggle, scrap (informal), brawl, scuffle, punch-up (Brit. informal), fracas, affray (Law), dust-up (informal), shindig (informal), donnybrook, scrimmage, roughhouse (slang), shindy (informal), melee or mêlée the rough and tumble of political combat2. disorderly, rough, scrambled, scrambling, irregular, rowdy, boisterous, haphazard, indisciplined He enjoys rough and tumble play.rough someone up (Informal) beat up, batter, thrash, do over (Brit., Austral., & N.Z. slang), work over (slang), mistreat, manhandle, maltreat, bash up (informal), beat the living daylights out of (informal), knock about or around They roughed him up a bitrough something out outline, plan, draft, sketch, suggest, block out, delineate, adumbrate He roughed out a framework for their story.

rough

adjective1. Having a surface that is not smooth:coarse, cragged, craggy, harsh, ironbound, jagged, ragged, rugged, scabrous, uneven.2. Consisting of or covered with large particles:coarse, grainy, granular, gritty.3. Violently disturbed or agitated, as by storms:dirty, heavy, raging, roiled, roily, rugged, stormy, tempestuous, tumultuous, turbulent, ugly, violent, wild.4. Requiring great or extreme bodily, mental, or spiritual strength:arduous, backbreaking, burdensome, demanding, difficult, effortful, exacting, exigent, formidable, hard, heavy, laborious, onerous, oppressive, rigorous, severe, taxing, tough, trying, weighty.5. Causing sharp, often prolonged discomfort:bitter, brutal, hard, harsh, severe.6. Hard to deal with or get out of:tight, tricky.Informal: sticky.7. Lacking in delicacy or refinement:barbarian, barbaric, boorish, churlish, coarse, crass, crude, gross, ill-bred, indelicate, philistine, rude, tasteless, uncivilized, uncouth, uncultivated, uncultured, unpolished, unrefined, vulgar.8. Marked by vigorous physical exertion:knockabout, rough-and-tumble, rugged, strenuous, tough.9. Disagreeable to the sense of hearing:dry, grating, harsh, hoarse, jarring, rasping, raspy, raucous, scratchy, squawky, strident.10. In a primitive state; not domesticated or cultivated; produced by nature:native, natural, uncultivated, undomesticated, untamed, wild.11. Not perfected, elaborated, or completed:preliminary, sketchy, tentative, unfinished, unperfected, unpolished.12. Lacking expert, careful craftsmanship:crude, primitive, raw, rude, unpolished.verbTo be rough or brutal with.Also used with up:knock about (or around), manhandle, slap around.Slang: mess up.phrasal verb
rough in or out
To draw up a preliminary plan or version of:adumbrate, block in (or out), draft, outline, sketch.phrasal verb
rough upTo injure or damage, as by abuse or heavy wear:batter, knock about (or around), mangle, maul.nounA preliminary plan or version, as of a written work:draft, outline, skeleton, sketch.

Translations

粗糙的粗鲁的艰难的高尔夫球场上的障碍区粗鲁刺耳的

rough

(raf) adjective1. not smooth. Her skin felt rough.粗糙的2. uneven. a rough path.崎岖的3. harsh; unpleasant. a rough voice; She's had a rough time since her husband died. 粗鲁的，艰难的 4. noisy and violent. rough behaviour.粗鲁刺耳的5. stormy. The sea was rough; rough weather.狂暴的6. not complete or exact; approximate. a rough drawing; a rough idea/estimate.粗略的 noun1. a violent bully. a gang of roughs.暴徒2. uneven or uncultivated ground on a golf course. I lost my ball in the rough.高尔夫球场上的障碍区ˈroughly adverb粗糙地ˈroughness noun粗糙度ˈroughage (-fidʒ) noun substances in food, eg bran or fibre, which help digestion. 粗饲料，粗粮 ˈroughen verb to make or become rough. The sea roughened as the wind rose.使...变粗糙rough diamond a person of fine character but rough manners. 举止粗鲁但本质好的人ˌrough-and-ˈready adjective1. not carefully made or finished, but good enough. a rough-and-ready meal.粗糙但尚能使用的2. (of people) friendly enough but without politeness etc. 鲁莽但尚顶用的（人） ˌrough-and-ˈtumble noun friendly fighting between children etc. 乱糟糟的rough it to live for a period of time without the comforts or conveniences of modern life. They roughed it in the jungles for two months. 将就着过日子，因陋就简地生活 rough out to draw or explain roughly. I roughed out a diagram; He roughed out his plan. 粗粗画出，打草稿

rough

→ 粗糙的zhCN, 粗鲁的zhCN

Is the sea rough today? → 今天海风大吗？
The crossing was rough → 今天渡船很颠簸

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Synonyms for rough

adj uneven

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adj coarse

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adj boisterous

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adj ungracious

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adj unpleasant

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adj unwell

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adj approximate

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adj vague

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adj basic

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adj rough-hewn

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adj stormy

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adj grating

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adj harsh

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noun outline

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noun thug

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phrase rough and ready: makeshift

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phrase rough and ready: unrefined

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phrase rough and tumble: fight

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phrase rough and tumble: disorderly

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phrase rough someone up

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phrase rough something out

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Synonyms for rough

adj having a surface that is not smooth

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adj consisting of or covered with large particles

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adj violently disturbed or agitated, as by storms

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adj requiring great or extreme bodily, mental, or spiritual strength

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adj causing sharp, often prolonged discomfort

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