Torun, Treaty of

(1) A treaty signed Feb. 1, 1411, in the city of Toruń, concluding the Great War of 1409–11 between the Teutonic Knights on the one hand and the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania on the other. The war led to the defeat of the Teutonic Knights by Polish, Russian, and Lithuanian troops in the battle of Tannenberg of 1410. According to the treaty, the knights gave up their claims to the Zemaite and Dobrzyń lands and had to pay tribute. The terms of the treaty were modest, considering the great victories of the Polish, Lithuanian, and Russian forces.

(2) A treaty signed Oct. 19, 1466, in Toruń, concluding the Thirteen Years’ War (1454–66) between the Teutonic Knights and the Kingdom of Poland. According to the treaty, Poland received the knights’ western holdings: the Danzig maritime region, the lands of Chelmno and Michalów, Malbork, Elblgg, and the bishopric of Warmia. The knights moved their capital to Königsberg after the loss of Malbork and recognized their vassalage to the Polish king.