| 释义 |
parole
pa·role P0079500 (pə-rōl′)n.1. Law a. Early release of a prisoner who is then subject to continued monitoring as well as compliance with certain terms and conditions for a specified period.b. The duration of such conditional release.2. A password used by an officer of the day, an officer on guard, or the personnel commanded by such an officer.3. Word of honor, especially that of a prisoner of war who is granted freedom only after promising not to engage in combat until formally exchanged.4. Linguistics The act of speaking; a particular utterance or word.tr.v. pa·roled, pa·rol·ing, pa·roles To release (a prisoner) on parole.
[French, promise, word, from Vulgar Latin *paraula, from Latin parabola, discourse; see parable.]parole (pəˈrəʊl) n1. (Law) a. the freeing of a prisoner before his or her sentence has expired, on the condition that he or she is of good behaviourb. the duration of such conditional release2. (Law) a promise given by a prisoner, as to be of good behaviour if granted liberty or partial liberty3. (Law) a variant spelling of parol4. (Military) military US a password5. (Linguistics) linguistics language as manifested in the individual speech acts of particular speakers. Compare langue, performance7, competence56. (Law) on parole a. conditionally released from detentionb. informal (of a person) under scrutiny, esp for a recurrence of an earlier shortcomingvb (tr) (Law) to place (a person) on parole[C17: from Old French, from the phrase parole d'honneur word of honour; parole from Late Latin parabola speech] paˈrolable adj parolee npa•role (pəˈroʊl)
n., v. -roled, -rol•ing,
adj. n. 1. the conditional release of a person from prison prior to the end of the sentence imposed. 2. a. the promise of a prisoner of war not to take up arms again if released or to abide by other conditions. b. a password given by authorized personnel in passing a guard. 3. word of honor given or pledged. v.t. 4. to place or release on parole. adj. 5. pertaining to parole or parolees: a parole violation. [1610–20; < Middle French, short for parole d'honneur word of honor. See parol] pa•rol′a•ble, adj. pa•role (paˈrɔl)
n. French. language as manifested in the actual utterances produced by speakers of a language (contrasted with langue). parole
Past participle: paroled
Gerund: paroling
| Present |
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| I parole | | you parole | | he/she/it paroles | | we parole | | you parole | | they parole |
| Preterite |
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| I paroled | | you paroled | | he/she/it paroled | | we paroled | | you paroled | | they paroled |
| Present Continuous |
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| I am paroling | | you are paroling | | he/she/it is paroling | | we are paroling | | you are paroling | | they are paroling |
| Present Perfect |
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| I have paroled | | you have paroled | | he/she/it has paroled | | we have paroled | | you have paroled | | they have paroled |
| Past Continuous |
|---|
| I was paroling | | you were paroling | | he/she/it was paroling | | we were paroling | | you were paroling | | they were paroling |
| Past Perfect |
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| I had paroled | | you had paroled | | he/she/it had paroled | | we had paroled | | you had paroled | | they had paroled |
| Future |
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| I will parole | | you will parole | | he/she/it will parole | | we will parole | | you will parole | | they will parole |
| Future Perfect |
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| I will have paroled | | you will have paroled | | he/she/it will have paroled | | we will have paroled | | you will have paroled | | they will have paroled |
| Future Continuous |
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| I will be paroling | | you will be paroling | | he/she/it will be paroling | | we will be paroling | | you will be paroling | | they will be paroling |
| Present Perfect Continuous |
|---|
| I have been paroling | | you have been paroling | | he/she/it has been paroling | | we have been paroling | | you have been paroling | | they have been paroling |
| Future Perfect Continuous |
|---|
| I will have been paroling | | you will have been paroling | | he/she/it will have been paroling | | we will have been paroling | | you will have been paroling | | they will have been paroling |
| Past Perfect Continuous |
|---|
| I had been paroling | | you had been paroling | | he/she/it had been paroling | | we had been paroling | | you had been paroling | | they had been paroling |
| Conditional |
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| I would parole | | you would parole | | he/she/it would parole | | we would parole | | you would parole | | they would parole |
| Past Conditional |
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| I would have paroled | | you would have paroled | | he/she/it would have paroled | | we would have paroled | | you would have paroled | | they would have paroled |
paroleA term used to mean a language as it is actually spoken by individual speakers.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  parole - a promise; "he gave his word" word of honor, wordpromise - a verbal commitment by one person to another agreeing to do (or not to do) something in the future | | 2. |  parole - a secret word or phrase known only to a restricted group; "he forgot the password"countersign, password, watchword, wordarcanum, secret - information known only to a special group; "the secret of Cajun cooking"positive identification - evidence proving that you are who you say you are; evidence establishing that you are among the group of people already known to the system; recognition by the system leads to acceptance; "a system for positive identification can prevent the use of a single identity by several people" | | 3. | parole - (law) a conditional release from imprisonment that entitles the person to serve the remainder of the sentence outside the prison as long as the terms of release are complied withfreeing, liberation, release - the act of liberating someone or somethinglaw, jurisprudence - the collection of rules imposed by authority; "civilization presupposes respect for the law"; "the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order" | | Verb | 1. | parole - release a criminal from detention and place him on parole; "The prisoner was paroled after serving 10 years in prison"free, loose, unloose, unloosen, release, liberate - grant freedom to; free from confinement |
Translations
IdiomsSeeon paroleparole
parole (pərōl`), in criminal law, release from prison of a convict before the expiration of his term on condition that his activities be restricted and that he report regularly to an officer. The convict generally remains under sentence, and the restrictions (as of residence, occupation, type of associates) and the supervision are intended to prevent a relapse into crime. Any violation of parole may result in return to imprisonment. The procedure of parole is regulated by statute in the jurisdictions of the United States. It is less often administered directly by the executive than it is by a board or officer with the power to release a convict after he has served the minimum of an indeterminate sentencesentence,
in criminal law, punishment that a court orders, imposed on a person convicted of criminal activity. Sentences typically consist of fines, corporal punishment, imprisonment for varying periods including life, or capital punishment, and sometimes combine two or more
..... Click the link for more information. . Parole is designed to give the prisoner a chance to readjust and to expedite the process of rehabilitation. In military law, a parole is the promise by a prisoner of war on being released from confinement that he will remain in a stipulated place, not attempt to escape, and not take up arms again in the current hostilities against the forces that captured him. Bibliography See studies by G. Cavender (1982) and H. E. Allen (1985). parole see LANGUE AND PAROLE.Parole the conditional release from punishment of convicted offenders before they have served the entire sentence set by the court. Under Soviet law, parole may be applied to persons sentenced to exile, banishment, deprivation of freedom, or correctional labor without deprivation of freedom. It may also be applied to persons serving conditional sentences of deprivation of freedom with certain obligatory work, to military personnel assigned to disciplinary battalions, and to persons conditionally released from deprivation of freedom with obligatory work on the condition that the convicted persons have shown by exemplary behavior and an honest attitude toward work that they have reformed. As a rule, parole may be applied only after half, two-thirds, or three-fourths of the term of punishment has been served. It is not applicable to particularly dangerous recidivists, persons convicted of especially dangerous crimes against the state, or persons convicted of intentional homicide with aggravating circumstances; neither can parole be applied in several other cases provided by law. parole
pa·role (pă-rōl'), In psychiatry, term for conditional release of a formally committed patient from a mental hospital before formal discharge, so that the patient may be returned to the hospital if necessary without fresh legal action. [Fr., fr. L. parabola, discourse, fr G. parabolē] pa·role (pă-rōl') In psychiatry, conditional release of a formally committed patient from a mental hospital before formal discharge, so that the patient may be returned to the hospital if necessary without fresh legal action. [Fr., fr. L. parabola, discourse, fr G. parabolē]parole (pa-rol') [Fr. parole, short for parole d'honneur, word of honor] 1. In psychiatry, the release of a patient from the hospital on a trial basis.2. In the criminal justice system, the release of an prisoner to monitored life in society at large. Synonym: community supervisionparole
ParoleThe conditional release of a person convicted of a crime prior to the expiration of that person's term of imprisonment, subject to both the supervision of the correctional authorities during the remainder of the term and a resumption of the imprisonment upon violation of the conditions imposed. Parole is the early supervised release of a prison inmate. It is usually regulated by statutes, and these provisions vary from state to state. Parole boards created by statute possess the authority to release prisoners from incarceration. Parolees have no constitutional right to representation in parole hearings and parole revocation hearings, but many states provide representation to impoverished inmates and parolees in such hearings. Parole was first used in the United States in New York in 1876. By the turn of the century, parole was prevalent in the states. In 1910 Congress established the U.S. Parole Commission and gave it the responsibility of evaluating and setting the release dates for federal prisoners. Parole is used for several reasons. It is less expensive to supervise a parolee than to incarcerate a prisoner. A person on parole has an opportunity to contribute to society. At the same time, society still receives some protection because the parolee is supervised and can be revoked for the most minor of transgressions. Parole is also a method of rehabilitation, because it gives convicts supervision and guidance during their reentry into society. Although parole laws vary from state to state, there are some common practices. In many states, the governor is charged with appointing a parole board. The duties of the board are to study the case histories of persons eligible for parole, deliberate on the record, conduct hearings, grant parole, craft the conditions for parole, issue warrants for persons charged with violation of parole, conduct revocation hearings, and grant final discharge to parolees. States may charge parolees a small monthly fee to offset the costs of supervision. For example, in Kentucky, a person on parole for a felony must pay $10 per month while under active supervision, but no more than a total of $2,500; for a misdemeanor parole, the fee is not less than $10 per month and no more than $500 in all. Failure to pay these fees, without a good reason for the failure, may result in revocation of the parole, but revocation may not be based on failure to pay a fee unless the board first has held a hearing on the matter. For lesser offenses, the determination of eligibility for parole is often left to the parole board. Parole will be ordered only if it serves the best interests of society. Parole is not considered to be a method of reducing sentences or awarding a pardon. For more serious offenses, most states limit the discretion of the parole board. Parole statutes in these states generally identify a specified period of imprisonment that must be served before a prisoner is eligible for parole. The time periods are often a percentage of the prison sentence, and they can vary according to the crime for which the prospective parolee was convicted. In Arkansas, for example, persons convicted of first-degree murder, Kidnapping, aggravated Robbery, rape, and causing a catastrophe are not eligible for parole until they have served 70 percent of their prison sentence (Ark. Code Ann. § 16-93-611). For lesser felonies, persons must serve at least one-third of their sentence before becoming eligible for parole (Ark. Code Ann. § 16-93-608). Parole has come under increasing attack since the 1970s. A powerful "truth in sentencing" movement has been successful in many states. Truth in sentencing is a catchphrase used to describe the notion that convicted criminals should serve the entire prison sentence handed down by the court. Many states have abolished parole entirely. In Virginia, for example, a felon who was committed after January 1, 1995, is ineligible for parole (Va. Code Ann. § 53.1-165.1). A felon may have prison time reduced from his sentence for good behavior, but in any case, the felon must serve at least 85 percent of the prison sentence. At least 27 states and the District of Columbia now require violent offenders to serve 85 percent of their prison sentence before obtaining early release. Some of these states, like Virginia, have abolished parole entirely; others still allow parole for offenders as long as they have served the required time of their sentence. An additional 13 states, like Arkansas, require violent offenders to serve a substantial portion of their minimum sentence before being eligible for release. Fourteen states have abolished parole board release for all offenders, with at least six other states abolishing parole board release for certain violent or felony offenders. On the federal level, Congress abolished parole in the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 (Pub. L. No. 98-473 § 218(a)(5), 98 Stat. 1837, 2027 [repealing 18 U.S.C.A. § 4201 et seq.]). Federal prisoners may, however, earn a maximum of 54 days good time credit per year against their sentence (18 U.S.C.A. § 3624(b)). The issue of victim's rights has also become important when dealing with parole. Most states now have laws requiring the victim or victim's families to be notified of a parole hearing. According to the National Center for the Victims of Crime (NCVC), as of 2000, 46 states and the District of Columbia required the victim or victim's families to be given a notice of a parole application or hearing at their request. Many states have gone further and required that a victim or their family be notified of their right to attend a parole hearing, the right to submit a victim impact statement, and the earliest estimated parole eligibility date. Most states also allow victims the opportunity to comment on the offender's request for parole. The NCVC overview says that as of 2000, 46 states allow victims to submit impact testimony in person, 42 states permit written victim impact statements to be submitted, six states authorize the submission of audiotaped statements, seven states permit victims to submit videotaped statements, three states allow victims to be heard via teleconferencing, and eight states authorize the victim's counsel or representative to present a statement on the victim's behalf. Under certain circumstances, parolees may also be required to pay restitution as a condition of their parole. Several important Supreme Court decisions were handed down at the end of the 1990s and beginning of the twenty-first century concerning parole. In 1998, in Spencer v. Kemna, 523 U.S. 1, 118 S. Ct. 978, 140 L. Ed. 2d 43 (1998), the Supreme Court ruled against a man who filed a petition for Habeas Corpus after his sentence had expired challenging allegedly unconstitutional parole revocation procedures. The Court agreed with the district court that the completion of his sentence made his habeas corpus petition moot. But the Court held that a presumption that criminal convictions have collateral consequences, which the Court had previously said could be considered in habeas challenge to propriety of conviction even after habeas petitioner was released from prison, could not be extended to revocations of parole, in order to satisfy the injury-in-fact requirement of the habeas corpus petition of the Constitution. In the 2000 decision, United States v. Johnson, 529 U.S. 53, 120 S. Ct. 1114, 146 L. Ed. 2d. 236 (2000), the Court ruled unanimously that a period of supervised release cannot commence until the prisoner is actually released from incarceration. The case involved a defendant whose convictions were vacated and his prison sentence reduced to a term less than that already served. The defendant moved for reduction of his supervised release term by the amount of extra time served on the vacated convictions. But the Court ruled that when a statute provides that a supervised release term does not commence until an individual is released from imprisonment, the word "released" means freed from confinement. In another 2000 ruling, Garner v. Jones, 529 U.S. 244, 120 S. Ct. 1362, 146 L. Ed. 2d 236 (2000), the Court determined that retroactive application of Georgia's amended parole rule, changing the frequency of required parole reconsideration hearings for inmates serving life sentences from every three years to every eight years, did not necessarily violate the ex post facto Clause of the Constitution. In its 6–3 decision, the Court emphasized that the States must have "due flexibility" in designing their parole procedures. There was no showing that the change in the law lengthened the inmate's time of actual imprisonment, the Court noted, and board had discretion to act in accordance with its assessment of each inmate's likelihood of release between reconsideration dates. Further readings Bamonte, Thomas J. 1993. "The Viability of Morrissey v. Brewer and the Due Process Rights of Parolees and Other Conditional Releasees." Southern Illinois University Law Journal 18. "Forum: Parole and Sentencing Reform in Virginia." 1995. Virginia Journal of Social Policy and the Law 2. National Center for the Victims of Crime. 2000. "Victim's Rights at Parole: A Statutory Overview Summary." Available online at <www.ncvc.org/policy/issues/parole> (accessed August 5, 2003). Zechman, Joseph A. 1988. "Constitutional Law—Due Process in Federal Parole Rescission Hearings—Green v. McCall, 822 F.2d 284 (2d Cir. 1987)." Temple Law Review 61. Cross-references Probation; Sentencing. parolen. 1) the release of a convicted criminal defendant after he/she has completed part of his/her prison sentence, based on the concept that during the period of parole, the released criminal can prove he/she is rehabilitated and can "make good" in society. A parole generally has a specific period and terms such as reporting to a parole officer, not associating with other ex-convicts, and staying out of trouble. Violation of the terms may result in revocation of parole and a return to prison to complete his/her sentence. 2) a promise by a prisoner of war that if released he will not take up arms again. parole the release of a convicted prisoner on licence before the end of his sentence (the term is derived from the French for ‘word of honour’). The authority for this comes through the Home Secretary, advised by review committees or by reference to the PAROLE BOARD. The applicable rules change often.PAROLE, international law. The agreement of persons who have been taken by an enemy that they will not again take up arms against those who captured them, either for a limited time, or during the continuance of the war. Vattel, liv. 3, c. 8, Sec. 151. parole
Synonyms for parolenoun a promiseSynonymsRelated Wordsnoun a secret word or phrase known only to a restricted groupSynonyms- countersign
- password
- watchword
- word
Related Words- arcanum
- secret
- positive identification
noun (law) a conditional release from imprisonment that entitles the person to serve the remainder of the sentence outside the prison as long as the terms of release are complied withRelated Words- freeing
- liberation
- release
- law
- jurisprudence
verb release a criminal from detention and place him on paroleRelated Words- free
- loose
- unloose
- unloosen
- release
- liberate
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