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pardon
par·don P0068400 (pär′dn)tr.v. par·doned, par·don·ing, par·dons 1. To release (a person) from punishment or disfavor for wrongdoing or a fault: a convicted criminal who was pardoned by the governor. See Synonyms at forgive.2. To allow (an offense or fault) to pass without punishment or disfavor.3. To make courteous allowance for; excuse: Pardon me, I'm in a hurry.n.1. The act of pardoning.2. Law a. Exemption of a convicted person from the penalties of an offense or crime by the power of the executor of the laws.b. An official document or warrant declaring such an exemption.3. Allowance or forgiveness for an offense or a discourtesy: begged the host's pardon for leaving early.4. Roman Catholic Church An indulgence. [Middle English pardonen, from Old French pardoner, from Vulgar Latin *perdōnāre, to give wholeheartedly : Latin per-, intensive pref.; see per- + Latin dōnāre, to present, forgive (from dōnum, gift; see dō- in Indo-European roots).] par′don·a·ble adj.par′don·a·bly adv.pardon (ˈpɑːdən) vb (tr) to excuse or forgive (a person) for (an offence, mistake, etc): to pardon someone; to pardon a fault. n1. forgiveness; allowance2. (Law) a. release from punishment for an offenceb. the warrant granting such release3. (Roman Catholic Church) a Roman Catholic indulgencesentence substitutea. sorry; excuse meb. what did you say?[C13: from Old French, from Medieval Latin perdōnum, from perdōnāre to forgive freely, from Latin per (intensive) + dōnāre to grant] ˈpardonable adj ˈpardonably adv ˈpardonless adjpar•don (ˈpɑr dn) n. 1. kind indulgence, as in forgiveness for an offense or in tolerance of an inconvenience: I beg your pardon. 2. a. a legal release from the penalty of an offense, as by an official. b. a document declaring such release. 3. forgiveness of an offense or offender. 4. Obs. a papal indulgence. v.t. 5. to excuse or make courteous allowance for: Pardon me for interfering. 6. to release (a person) from liability for an offense. 7. to remit the penalty of (an offense). interj. 8. (used with rising inflection when asking a speaker to repeat something.) [1250–1300; < Old French pardon remission, indulgence, <pardoner < Medieval Latin perdōnāre to remit, forgive = Latin per- per- + dōnāre to give (see donate)] par′don•a•ble, adj. par′don•a•bly, adv. syn: pardon, amnesty, reprieve refer to the remission or delay of a penalty or punishment for an offense; these terms do not imply absolution from guilt. A pardon is often granted by a government official; it releases the individual from any punishment due: The governor granted a pardon to the prisoner. amnesty is usu. a general pardon granted to a group of persons for offenses against a government; it often includes an assurance of no further prosecution: to grant amnesty to the rebels. A reprieve is a delay of impending punishment, usu. for a specific period of time or until a decision can be made as to the possibility of pardon or reduction of sentence: a last-minute reprieve, allowing the prisoner to file an appeal. See also excuse. pardonYou can apologize to someone by saying 'I beg your pardon'. 'You're sitting in my seat.' 'Oh, I beg your pardon.'Some American speakers say 'Pardon me'. 'Pardon me!' said a man who had bumped into her.British speakers sometimes say 'Pardon?' when they have not heard or understood what someone has said. 'His name is Hardeep.' 'Pardon?' 'I said, his name is Hardeep.'pardon Past participle: pardoned Gerund: pardoning
Present |
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I pardon | you pardon | he/she/it pardons | we pardon | you pardon | they pardon |
Preterite |
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I pardoned | you pardoned | he/she/it pardoned | we pardoned | you pardoned | they pardoned |
Present Continuous |
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I am pardoning | you are pardoning | he/she/it is pardoning | we are pardoning | you are pardoning | they are pardoning |
Present Perfect |
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I have pardoned | you have pardoned | he/she/it has pardoned | we have pardoned | you have pardoned | they have pardoned |
Past Continuous |
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I was pardoning | you were pardoning | he/she/it was pardoning | we were pardoning | you were pardoning | they were pardoning |
Past Perfect |
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I had pardoned | you had pardoned | he/she/it had pardoned | we had pardoned | you had pardoned | they had pardoned |
Future |
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I will pardon | you will pardon | he/she/it will pardon | we will pardon | you will pardon | they will pardon |
Future Perfect |
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I will have pardoned | you will have pardoned | he/she/it will have pardoned | we will have pardoned | you will have pardoned | they will have pardoned |
Future Continuous |
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I will be pardoning | you will be pardoning | he/she/it will be pardoning | we will be pardoning | you will be pardoning | they will be pardoning |
Present Perfect Continuous |
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I have been pardoning | you have been pardoning | he/she/it has been pardoning | we have been pardoning | you have been pardoning | they have been pardoning |
Future Perfect Continuous |
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I will have been pardoning | you will have been pardoning | he/she/it will have been pardoning | we will have been pardoning | you will have been pardoning | they will have been pardoning |
Past Perfect Continuous |
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I had been pardoning | you had been pardoning | he/she/it had been pardoning | we had been pardoning | you had been pardoning | they had been pardoning |
Conditional |
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I would pardon | you would pardon | he/she/it would pardon | we would pardon | you would pardon | they would pardon |
Past Conditional |
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I would have pardoned | you would have pardoned | he/she/it would have pardoned | we would have pardoned | you would have pardoned | they would have pardoned | ThesaurusNoun | 1. | pardon - the act of excusing a mistake or offenseforgivenessbenignity, kindness - a kind actcondonation - a pardon by treating the offender as if the offense had not occurredexculpation - the act of freeing from guilt or blame | | 2. | pardon - a warrant granting release from punishment for an offenseamnestywarrant - a writ from a court commanding police to perform specified actslaw, jurisprudence - the collection of rules imposed by authority; "civilization presupposes respect for the law"; "the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order" | | 3. | pardon - the formal act of liberating someonefree pardon, amnestymercy, clemency, mercifulness - leniency and compassion shown toward offenders by a person or agency charged with administering justice; "he threw himself on the mercy of the court"law, jurisprudence - the collection of rules imposed by authority; "civilization presupposes respect for the law"; "the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order" | Verb | 1. | pardon - accept an excuse for; "Please excuse my dirty hands"excuseforgive - stop blaming or grant forgiveness; "I forgave him his infidelity"; "She cannot forgive him for forgetting her birthday" | | 2. | pardon - grant a pardon to; "Ford pardoned Nixon"; "The Thanksgiving turkey was pardoned by the President"law, jurisprudence - the collection of rules imposed by authority; "civilization presupposes respect for the law"; "the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order"forgive - stop blaming or grant forgiveness; "I forgave him his infidelity"; "She cannot forgive him for forgetting her birthday"amnesty - grant a pardon to (a group of people) |
pardonverb1. forgive, excuse Pardon me for asking, but what business is it of yours? forgive condemn, censure, rebuke, castigate, admonish, chastise, chasten2. acquit, free, release, liberate, reprieve, remit, amnesty, let off (informal), exonerate, absolve, exculpate Hundreds of political prisoners were pardoned and released. acquit fine, discipline, punish, penalize, excoriatenoun1. forgiveness, mercy, indulgence, absolution, grace He asked God's pardon for his sins. forgiveness condemnation2. acquittal, release, discharge, amnesty, reprieve, remission, exoneration They lobbied the government on his behalf and he was granted a pardon. acquittal penalty, punishment, redress, retributionQuotations "God will pardon me. It is His trade" [Heinrich Heine on his deathbed]pardonverbTo grant forgiveness to or for:condone, excuse, forgive, remit.Idiom: forgive and forget.nounThe act or an instance of forgiving:absolution, amnesty, condonation, excuse, forgiveness, remission.Translationspardon (ˈpaːdn) verb1. to forgive. Pardon my asking, but can you help me? 原諒 原谅2. to free (from prison, punishment etc). The king pardoned the prisoners. 赦免 赦免 noun1. forgiveness. He prayed for pardon for his wickedness. 寬恕 宽恕2. a (document) freeing from prison or punishment. He was granted a pardon. 赦罪 赦罪 interjection used to indicate that one has not heard properly what was said. Pardon? Could you repeat that last sentence? 原諒 原谅beg someone's pardon to say one is sorry (usually for having offended someone else etc). I've come to beg (your) pardon for being so rude this morning. 請求原諒(用於做了錯事道歉時) 请某人原谅,道歉 I beg your pardon I'm sorry. I beg your pardon – what did you say? I wasn't listening. 請原諒 请原谅pardon me interjection expressing a polite apology, especially for not agreeing with someone. Pardon me for interrupting you. 對不起 对不起pardon → 对不起,请再说一遍zhCN, 赦免zhCN
pardon
I beg your pardon1. I apologize for what I just did or said. Oh, I beg your pardon. I wasn't looking where I was going.2. What did you just say? Could you please repeat that? I beg your pardon, I couldn't quite hear you.3. An expression or exclamation of indignation or incredulous disbelief. A: "I'm afraid we're going to have to cut your funding, effective immediately." B: "I beg your pardon? Who on earth decided that?"4. Could you please give me your attention. I beg your pardon, everyone, but I'd like to get tonight's proceedings underway.5. I believe you are mistaken or incorrect; I beg to differ; I don't agree with you on that. I beg your pardon, but I believe you'll find that our school is actually one of the best in the state.See also: beg, pardonbeg to differTo politely disagree with someone else. I'm sorry, headmaster, but I beg to differ. Students at this school should have more access to financial aid and scholarships, not less. He thinks that the evening was a disaster, but I beg to differ—I saw plenty of guests enjoying themselves!See also: beg, differexcuse me1. A polite phrase used after one has done something that does not adhere to proper etiquette. Oh, excuse me—I didn't mean to bump into you, ma'am. Petey, say "excuse me" after you burp!2. A phrase said when one is trying to pass through a crowded area. This phrase is sometimes verbally shortened to 'scuse me. Excuse me, everyone, I have to get through with this cart.3. An expression of politeness that precedes a possible disagreement or an upsetting question. Excuse me, sir, but didn't you specifically tell us to make that change last month?4. An indignant response, often posed as a question. Excuse me? How can you say something that hurtful to me, your own mother? Well, excuse me for actually caring about your future, unlike you!5. A request for one to repeat what they have said. Excuse me? I'm sorry, I couldn't hear you.6. A phrase used when one is correcting a verbal mistake. We had 200, excuse me, 210 people at the event.7. An apologetic phrase that precedes an interruption. Excuse me, sir, but your wife is calling on line two—she says it's urgent.8. An apologetic phrase that precedes a departure. Excuse me, I have to leave early for a doctor's appointment. I'll see you all tomorrow.See also: excusepardon me1. I apologize for what I just did or said. Oh, pardon me! I wasn't looking where I was going.2. What did you just say? Could you please repeat that? Pardon me? I couldn't quite hear you.3. An expression or exclamation of indignation or incredulous disbelief. A: "I'm afraid we're going to have to cut your funding, effective immediately." B: "Pardon me? Who on earth decided that?"4. Could you please give me your attention. Pardon me, everyone, but I'd like to get tonight's proceedings underway.5. I believe you are mistaken or incorrect; I beg to differ; I don't agree with you on that. Pardon me, but I believe you'll find that our school is actually one of the best in the state.See also: pardonPardon me for breathing!An angry, exasperated response to a criticism or rebuke that one feels is unwarranted or unjustified. A: "Would you please just sit down and stop trying to help? You're only getting in my way." B: "Well, pardon me for breathing!"See also: pardonpardon my FrenchExcuse my inappropriate language. Usually used humorously, especially around children, as if to suggest that an inappropriate word was in fact a word from a different language. A: "John, don't use language like that in front of the kids." B: "Oops, pardon my French, everyone!" Pardon my French, but this tasted like shit.See also: french, pardonpardon me for living/breathing/existing/etc.An angry, exasperated response to a criticism or rebuke that one feels is unwarranted or unjustified, especially since they believe they did something very minimal or nothing at all. (Any verb that approximately means "living" can be used after "for.") A: "Would you please just sit down and stop getting in my way?" B: "Well, pardon me for breathing!" You don't need to get so upset, I was just suggesting you ask for directions. Pardon me for living!See also: breathing, exist, living, pardonPardon me for existing!An angry, exasperated response to a criticism or rebuke that one feels is unwarranted or unjustified, especially since they believe they did something very minimal or nothing at all. A: "Would you please just sit down and stop getting in my way?" B: "Well, pardon me for existing!" You don't need to get so upset, I was just suggesting you ask for directions. Pardon me for existing!See also: pardonPardon me for living!An angry, exasperated response to a criticism or rebuke that one feels is unwarranted or unjustified, especially since they believe they did something very minimal or nothing at all. A: "Would you please just sit down and stop getting in my way?" B: "Well, pardon me for living!" You don't need to get so upset, I was just suggesting you ask for directions. Pardon me for living!See also: pardonI beg your pardon, but (something)I believe you are mistaken or incorrect; I beg to differ; I don't agree with you on that. I beg your pardon, but I believe you'll find that our school is actually one of the best in the state.See also: beg, butbegging your pardon, but (something)I believe you are mistaken or incorrect; I beg to differ; I don't agree with you on that. Begging your pardon, but I believe you'll find that our school is actually one of the best in the state.See also: beg, butnever ask pardon before you are accusedApologizing for something before someone has laid blame on you for it only ensures that you are thought of as the guilty party. A: "I accidentally scratched his car pulling out of the parking lot last night. Should I offer to pay for it?" B: "Never ask pardon before you're accused. He might not even notice."See also: accused, ask, before, never, pardonpardon (one) for (something)1. To forgive or excuse one for committing some crime, wrong, or faux pas. I know that Mr. Reginald will be willing to pardon you for your theft if you return the stolen goods at once and offer a sincere, heartfelt apology. Can you ever pardon me for behaving so boorishly?2. To issue a formal pardon that overturns one's conviction and releases one from prison. The governor pardoned several people for their wrongful convictions.3. An angry, exasperated response to a criticism or rebuke that one feels is unwarranted or unjustified. (Any gerund verb that approximately means "living" can be used after "for.") A: "Would you please just sit down and stop trying to help? You're only getting in my way!" B: "Well, pardon me for breathing!" Pardon me for living—I was just suggesting you ask for directions!See also: pardonif you'll pardon the expressionA preemptive apology for the particular words one is about to use. He was acting like, if you'll pardon the expression, a complete ass.See also: expression, if, pardonbeg to differ (with someone)Fig. to disagree with someone; to state one's disagreement with someone in a polite way. (Usually used in a statement made to the person being disagreed with.) I beg to differ with you, but you have stated everything exactly backwards. If I may beg to differ, you have not expressed my position as well as you seem to think.See also: beg, differExcuse me. and Excuse, please.; Pardon (me).; 'Scusc (me).; 'Scusc, please. 1. an expression asking forgiveness for some minor social violation, such as belching or bumping into someone. ('Scuse is colloquial, and the apostrophe is not always used.) John: Ouch! Bob: Excuse me. I didn't see you there. Mary: Oh! Ow! Sue: Pardon me. I didn't mean to bump into you. Tom: Ouch! Mary: Oh, dear! What happened? Tom: You stepped on my toe. Mary: Excuse me. I'm sorry. 2. Please let me through.; Please let me by. Tom: Excuse me. I need to get past. Bob: Oh, sorry. I didn't know I was in the way. Mary: Pardon me. Sue: What? Mary: Pardon me. I want to get past you.See also: excuse(I) beg your pardon, but... and Begging your pardon, but...Please excuse me, but. (A very polite and formal way of interrupting, bringing something to someone's attention, or asking a question of a stranger.) Rachel: Beg your pardon, but I think your right front tire is a little low. Henry: Well, I guess it is. Thank you. John: Begging your pardon, ma'am, but weren't we on the same cruise ship in Alaska last July? Rachel: Couldn't have been me.See also: beg, butif you'll pardon the expressionFig. excuse the expression I am about to say or just said. This thing is—if you'll pardon the expression—loused up. I'm really jacked, if you'll pardon the expression.See also: expression, if, pardonNever ask pardon before you are accused.Prov. Do not apologize for something if nobody knows that you did it, because by apologizing, you are admitting that you did it. Alan: Should I apologize to Jane for losing the necktie she gave me? Jane: Wait and see if she asks you what happened to the necktie. Never ask pardon before you are accused.See also: accused, ask, before, never, pardonPardon me for living!Inf. a very indignant response to a criticism or rebuke. Fred: Oh, I thought you had already taken yourself out of here! Sue: Well, pardon me for living! Tom: Butt out, Mary! Bill and I are talking. Mary: Pardon me for living!See also: pardonPardon my French, and Excuse my French.Inf. Excuse my use of swear words or taboo words. (Does not refer to real French.) Pardon my French, but this is a hell of a day. What she needs is a kick in the ass, if you'll excuse my French.See also: french, pardonpardon someone for something 1. to excuse someone for doing something. Will you please pardon me for what I did? I can't pardon her for that. 2. to excuse and release a convicted criminal. The governor pardoned Max for his crime. The governor did not pardon any drug dealers for their crimes.See also: pardonbeg to differDisagree with someone, as in John told me Max was sure to win, but I beg to differ-I don't think he has a chance. This courteous formula for expressing disagreement echoes similar uses of beg in the sense of "ask," such as I beg your pardon, so used since about 1600. Also see excuse me. See also: beg, differexcuse me1. Also, I beg your pardon, pardon me. Forgive me, as in Excuse me, please let me pass, or Pardon me for asking, or I beg your pardon, I don't think so. These phrases are used as an apology for interrupting a conversation, bumping into someone, asking a speaker to repeat something, politely disagreeing with something said, and so on. The first dates from about 1600, the first variant from about 1800, the second from the mid-1700s. 2. Also, excuse oneself. Allow or ask to leave or be released from an obligation. For example, Please excuse me, I have to leave now, or I asked the judge to excuse me from jury duty. [1920s] See also: excuseI beg your pardonsee under beg to differ. See also: beg, pardonpardon my French INFORMALPeople say pardon my French to apologize in a humorous way for using a rude word. What a bunch of a-holes, pardon my French.See also: french, pardonI beg your ˈpardon (formal) 1 used as a polite way of saying sorry for something you have just said or done: Did I step on your toe? Oh, I beg your pardon! 2 used to ask somebody to repeat what they have just said because you did not hear: ‘It’s on Duke Street.’ ‘I beg your pardon?’ ‘Duke Street.’ 3 (especially British English) used to show that you are angry or offended: I beg your pardon! I’d rather you didn’t refer to my father as ‘that fat man’.See also: beg, pardonexˈcuse me 1 used before you do or say something that might annoy somebody, or to get somebody’s attention: Excuse me, is anybody sitting here? ♢ Excuse me, could you tell me the time, please? 2 used for saying sorry or disagreeing with somebody, or for showing that you are annoyed: Excuse me, but I think you’re mistaken. ♢ Excuse me, sir, but you can’t park there! 3 used when you are leaving the room for a short time: Excuse me a minute, I’ll be right back. 4 (especially American English) used for saying sorry for something you have done: Excuse me, did I step on your toe? 5 (especially American English) used when you did not hear what somebody said and you want them to repeat itSee also: excuseexˌcuse/ˌpardon my ˈFrench (informal, humorous) used for saying you are sorry when you have used or are going to use rude or offensive language: Ouch, bloody hell! Oops, excuse my French! ♢ If you’ll pardon my French, he’s a bloody fool.See also: excuse, french, pardonˌpardon ˈme (spoken) 1 (especially American English) used to ask somebody to repeat something because you did not hear it or do not understand it: ‘You look miles away.’ ‘Pardon me?’ 2 used by some people to say ‘sorry’ when they have accidentally made a rude noise or done something wrongSee also: pardonˌpardon me for ˈdoing something (informal) used to show that you are upset or offended by the way that somebody has spoken to you: ‘This is a meeting for women only, so get out and mind your own business.’ ‘Oh, pardon me for existing!’ ♢ ‘Oh, just shut up.’ ‘Well, pardon me for breathing!’See also: pardon, somethingif you’ll pardon the expression phr. excuse the expression I am about to say. This thing is—if you’ll pardon the expression—loused up. I’m really jacked, if you’ll pardon the expression. See also: expression, if, pardonPardon my French and Excuse my French sent. Excuse my use of swear words or taboo words.; Excuse my choice of vocabulary. (Does not refer to real French.) What she needs is a kick in the butt, if you’ll excuse my French. See also: french, pardon(Well,) pardon me for living! and Excuse me for breathing! and Excuse me for living! tv. I am SOOO sorry! (A very sarcastic response to a rebuke, seeming to regret the apparent offense of even living.) A: You are blocking my view. Please move. B: Well, pardon me for living! You say you were here first? Well excuse me for breathing! See also: pardonpardon me for living! verbSee Well, pardon me for living!See also: pardon beg (someone's) pardon Used to introduce a polite request.See also: beg, pardon beg to differ To disagree in a polite manner.See also: beg, differ Excuse me1. Used to acknowledge and ask forgiveness for an action that could cause offense.2. Used to request that a statement be repeated.See also: excusepardon/excuse my FrenchPlease excuse the strong language. Exactly why French should mean “bad language” is not known, but this usage dates from the late 1800s. Eric Partridge speculated that the phrase was picked up by British soldiers in France during World War I and was first recorded during this period. However, given that language such as the F-word has become commonplace in popular entertainment and public life, this cliché is probably obsolescent, if not obsolete. Also see swear like a trooper; you should excuse the expression.See also: excuse, french, pardonpardon my FrenchPlease excuse my language. In the days when language propriety was more of an issue than it is now, using a word or phrase that was “unfit for mixed company” was likely to lead to embarrassment. Since French was considered a racy language, people excused themselves with “pardon my French.”See also: french, pardonpardon
pardon, in law, exemption from punishment for a criminal conviction granted by the grace of the executive of a government. A general pardon to a class of persons guilty of the same offense (e.g., insurrection) is an amnestyamnesty , in law, exemption from prosecution for criminal action. It signifies forgiveness and the forgetting of past actions. Amnesties are usually extended to a group of persons during a period of prolonged disorder or insurrection. ..... Click the link for more information. . A pardon (at least in the United States) absolutely terminates criminal liability, including any restrictions that result from a criminal conviction (though the pardoned person is not exonerated from the civil liability that a crime may have incurred). A pardon is thus to be distinguished from alleviation of punishment (such as commutation of sentencecommutation of sentence, in criminal law, reduction of a sentence for a criminal act by action of the executive head of the government. Like pardon, commutation of sentence is a matter of grace, not of right; it is distinguished from pardon, however, in that the conviction of ..... Click the link for more information. , reprieve, and paroleparole , in criminal law, release from prison of a convict before the expiration of his term on condition that his activities be restricted and that he report regularly to an officer. ..... Click the link for more information. ), which does not nullify the conviction and all of its effects. The Constitution of the United States gives the president power to grant reprieves and pardons for all federal crimes, but he may not release a person from the effects of impeachmentimpeachment, in Great Britain and United States, formal accusation issued by a legislature against a public official charged with crime or other serious misconduct. In a looser sense the term is sometimes applied also to the trial by the legislature that may follow. ..... Click the link for more information. ; pardons issued by the president are unreviewable. In most of the states the governor has nearly the same power in respect to state crimes. Usually, the governor may not pardon those convicted of treason or criminal contempt of court. In canon law the pardon is the absolution granted in penancepenance , sacrament of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Eastern churches. By it the penitent (the person receiving the sacrament) is absolved of his or her sins by a confessor (the person hearing the confession and conferring the sacrament). ..... Click the link for more information. ; in the Middle Ages the word was used commonly to mean an indulgenceindulgence, in the Roman Catholic Church, the pardon of temporal punishment due for sin. It is to be distinguished from absolution and the forgiveness of guilt. The church grants indulgences out of the Treasury of Merit won for the church by Christ and the saints. ..... Click the link for more information. (hence pardoner, a dispenser of indulgences).PardonThe golden threads of forgiveness, pardon, and release weave in and out of the events commemorated during Holy Week. Pontius Pilate pardons Barabbas. Jesus forgives his tormentors and pardons the Good Thief (Luke 23:32-43). After his death Jesus releases the souls of the departed from captivity in the underworld (see also Descent into Hell). In addition, the early Christians quickly came to see Jesus' death itself as a sacrifice that offered both forgiveness and redemption to the whole human race.
In recognition of the importance of these themes to the spiritual message of the Easter festival, the early Christians pardoned and released criminals during Holy Week. St. John Chrysostom (c. 347-407) mentioned this practice in his writings, drawing a parallel between these earthly pardons and Jesus' Descent into Hell, an event commemorated on Holy Saturday. St. Gregory of Nyssa (c. 335-c. 394) recorded the fact that some Christians expanded the concept of the Easter pardon by freeing slaves at this time of year.
Centuries later French monarchs still granted an Easter pardon on Good Friday, releasing one prisoner whose crime was otherwise unpardonable. Some called this period of the year the "reign of Christ" in reference to the spirit of forgiveness evidenced in these kinds of actions. In the eleventh century the citizens of Aquitaine, a region of southwestern France, were expected to uphold the "truce of God" from the evening prayer service on Spy Wednesday until the morning of Easter Monday. The local laws imposed strict punishment on any who dared commit an act of violence or revenge during these holy days.
In a few countries Christians still observe the old tradition of granting Easter pardons (see also Forgiveness Sunday). In Colombia this custom is called the "Feast of the Prisoners" and is practiced on Maundy Thursday in the town of Popayán. On this day a small band of politicians, priests, and children, accompanied by the army band, march out to the local jail. There they prepare a banquet for the prisoners from the cartloads of food that they brought with them in the procession. After the feast, officials select one prisoner from among those who have served most of their sentence. For the rest of the day he sits on a street corner, under guard, while passersby offer him gifts of food and money. At evening time the guards set him free (see also Colombia, Easter and Holy Week in).
Further Reading
Griffin, Robert H., and Ann H. Shurgin, eds. Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of World Holidays. Volume 1. Detroit, MI: UXL, 2000. Monti, James. The Week of Salvation. Huntington, IN: Our Sunday Visitor Publications, 1993. Slim, Hugo. A Feast of Festivals. London, England: Marshall Pickering, 1996. Weiser, Francis X. The Easter Book. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1954. pardon1. Lawa. release from punishment for an offence b. the warrant granting such release 2. a Roman Catholic indulgence pardon
PardonThe action of an executive official of the government that mitigates or sets aside the punishment for a crime. The granting of a pardon to a person who has committed a crime or who has been convicted of a crime is an act of clemency, which forgives the wrongdoer and restores the person's Civil Rights. At the federal level, the president has the power to grant a pardon, and at the state level the governor or a pardon board made up of high-ranking state officials may grant it. The power to grant a pardon derives from the English system in which the king had, as one of his royal prerogatives, the right to forgive virtually all forms of crimes against the crown. The Framers of the U.S. Constitution, in Article II, Section 2, Clause 1, provided that the president "shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment." Throughout U.S. history the courts have interpreted this clause to give the president virtually unlimited power to issue pardons to individuals or groups and to impose conditions on the forgiveness. The first major court case involving the pardon power, Ex parte Garland, 71 U.S. (4 Wall.) 333, 18 L. Ed. 366 (1866), established both the scope of the pardon power and the legal effect on a person who was pardoned. President Andrew Johnson pardoned Arkansas attorney and Confederate sympathizer Alexander Hamilton Garland, who had not been tried, for any offenses he might have committed during the Civil War. Garland sought to practice in federal court, but federal law required that he swear an oath that he never aided the Confederacy. Garland argued that the pardon absolved him of the need to take the oath. The Supreme Court agreed with Garland. It held that the scope of the pardon power "is unlimited, with the exception stated [impeachment]. It extends to every offence known to the law, and may be exercised at any time after its commission, either before legal proceedings are taken, or during their pendency, or after conviction and judgment." The power to pardon applies only to offenses against the laws of the jurisdiction of which the pardoning official is the chief executive. Thus the president may only pardon for violations of federal law, and governors may only pardon for violations of the laws of their states. A president or governor may grant a full (unconditional) pardon or a conditional pardon. The granting of an unconditional pardon fully restores an individual's civil rights forfeited upon conviction of a crime and restores the person's innocence as though he or she had never committed a crime. This means that a recipient of a pardon may regain the right to vote and to hold various positions of public trust. A conditional pardon imposes a condition on the offender before it becomes effective. Typically this means the commutation of a sentence. For example, the president has the power under the Pardon Clause to commute a death sentence on the condition that the accused serve the rest of his or her life in prison without eligibility for Parole, even though a life sentence imposed directly by a court would otherwise be subject to parole. In upholding this type of conditional pardon, the Supreme Court in Schick v. Reed, 419 U.S. 256, 95 S. Ct. 379, 42 L. Ed. 2d 430 (1974), reasoned that "considerations of public policy and humanitarian impulses support an interpretation of that [pardon] power so as to permit the attachment of any condition which does not otherwise offend the Constitution." Unless the pardon expressly states that it is issued because of a determination that the recipient was innocent, a pardon does not imply innocence. It is merely a forgiveness of the offense. It is generally assumed that acceptance of a pardon is an implicit Acknowledgment of guilt, for one cannot be pardoned unless one has committed an offense.The Constitution allows two other pardon powers besides the power of commutation. It expressly speaks about the president's power to grant "reprieves." A reprieve differs from a pardon in that it establishes a temporary delay in the enforcement of the sentence imposed by the court, without changing the sentence or forgiving the crime. A reprieve might be issued for the execution of a prisoner to give the prisoner time to prove his or her innocence. A related power is the power to grant "amnesty," which is also implicit in the pardon power. Amnesty is applied to whole classes or communities, instead of individuals. The power to issue an amnesty and the effect of an amnesty are the same as those for a pardon. The most widely publicized pardons have involved political figures. President gerald r. ford's September 1974 pardon of former president richard m. nixon for all offenses that he had committed, or in which he had taken part, relieved Nixon from facing criminal prosecution for his role in the Watergate scandal. President Ford justified the pardon as a way to restore domestic tranquility to a nation that had spent two years in political turmoil. In 1977, President jimmy carter granted an amnesty to all persons who had unlawfully evaded the military draft during the Vietnam War. Carter, too, justified his amnesty as a way to end a divisive period in U.S. history. In December 1992, President george h.w. bush pardoned six officials of the ronald reagan administration who were implicated in the Iran-Contra Affair. Bush granted the pardons shortly before leaving office. He based the pardons on his belief that the officials had been prosecuted over policy differences rather than for criminal acts. In January 2001, a day before leaving office, President bill clinton issued pardons to several individuals, including financier Marc Rich and his associate Pincus Green. Rich and Green had fled to Switzerland in 1983 to avoid prosecution on Fraud charges in the United States. Soon after the pardon was announced, it was revealed that Rich's ex-wife, Denise, had made a gift of $450,000 to the Clinton Library Foundation and a $109,000 donation to the Senate campaign of Hillary Rodham Clinton. The donations apparently were made during the period when she and several of Marc Rich's business associates were Lobbying for the pardons. The news caused an uproar among Republicans and Democrats alike. Many of Clinton's strongest supporters said that even if there was no wrongdoing, the timing was at best a sign of extremely poor judgment. The revelations led to federal investigations. In March 2001, the House and Senate introduced legislation that would require stringent contributor disclosure for anyone seeking either a pardon or a commutation, as well as stricter disclosure rules for anyone donating to a presidential library (previously not subject to campaign disclosure laws). Further readings "House Focuses on Clinton Staff in Pardon Probe." February 15, 2001. CNN.com: Inside Politics. Available online at <www.cnn.com/2001/ALLPOLITICS/02/15/pardon.hearing.02> (accessed August 14, 2003). Isikoff, Michael. 2002."Scandal Still Going." Newsweek (September 16). Moore, Kathleen Dean. 1989. Pardons: Justice, Mercy, and the Public Interest. New York: Oxford Univ. Press. Cross-references Board of Pardons. pardon1) v. to use the executive power of a Governor or President to forgive a person convicted of a crime, thus removing any remaining penalties or punishments, and preventing any new prosecution of the person for the crime for which the pardon was given. A pardon strikes the conviction from the books as if it had never occurred, and the convicted person is treated as innocent. Sometimes pardons are given to an older rehabilitated person long after the sentence has been served to clear his/her record. However, a pardon can also terminate a sentence and free a prisoner when the chief executive is convinced there is doubt about the guilt or fairness of the trial, the party is rehabilitated and has performed worthy public service, or there are humanitarian reasons such as terminal illness. The most famous American pardon was the blanket pardon given by President Gerald Ford to ex-President Richard Nixon in the wake of the Watergate scandal and Nixon's resignation; that pardon closed the door to any future prosecution against Nixon for any crime before the pardon. A pardon is distinguished from "a commutation of sentencee" which cuts short the term; "a reprieve," which is a temporary halt to punishment, particularly the death penalty, pending appeal or determination of whether the penalty should be reduced; "amnesty," which is a blanket "forgetting" of possible criminal charges due to a change in public circumstances (such as the end of a war or the draft system); or a "reduction in sentence," which shortens a sentence and can be granted by a judge or an executive. (See: commutation, amnesty, reprieve) PARDON, crim. law, pleading. A pardon is an act of grace, proceeding from the power entrusted with the execution of the laws, which exempts the individual on whom it is bestowed, from the punishment the law inflicts for a crime he has committed. 7 Pet. S. C. Rep. 160. 2. Every pardon granted to the guilty is in derogation of the law; if the pardon be equitable, the law is, bad; for where legislation and the administration of the law are perfect, pardons must be a violation of the law, But as human actions are necessarily imperfect, the pardoning power must be vested somewhere in order to prevent injustice, when it is ascertained that an error has been committed. 3. The subject will be considered with regard, 1. To the kinds of pardons. 2. By whom they are to be granted. 3. For what offences. 4. How to be taken advantage of 5. Their effect. 4.-Sec. 1, Pardons are general or special. 1. The former are express, when an act of the legislature is passed expressly directing that offences of a certain class; shall be pardoned, as in the case of an act of amnesty. See Amnesty. A general pardon is implied by the repeal of a penal statute, because, unless otherwise provided by law, an offence against such statute while it was in force cannot be punished, and the offender goes free. 2 Overt. 423. 2. Special pardons are those which are granted by the pardoning power for particular cases. 5. Pardons are also divided into absolute and conditional. The former are those which free the criminal without any condition whatever; the. fatter are those to which a condition is annexed, which must be performed before the pardon can have any effect. Bac. Ab. Pardon, E; 2 Caines, R. 57; 1 Bailey, 283; 2 Bailey 516. But see 4 Call, R. 85. 6.-Sec. 2. The constitution of the United States gives to the, president in general terms, "the power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States." The same power is given generally to the governors of the several states to grant pardons for crimes committed against their respective states, but in some of them the consent of the legislature or one of its branches is required. 7.-Sec. 3. Except in the case of impeachment, for which a pardon cannot be granted, the pardoning power may grant a pardon of all offences against the government, and for any sentence or judgment. But such a pardon does not operate to discharge the interest which third persons may have acquired in the judgment; as, where a penalty was incurred in violation of the embargo laws, and the custom house officers became entitled to one-half of the penalty, the pardon did not discharge that. 4 Wash. C.C.R. 64. See 2 Bay, 565; 2 Whart. 440; 7 J. J. Marsh. 131. 8.-Sec. 4. When the pardon is general, either by an act of amnesty, or by the repeal of a penal law, it is not necessary to plead it, because the court is bound, ex officio, to take notice of it. And the criminal cannot even waive such pardon, because by his admittance, no one can give the court power to punish him, when it judicially appears there is no law to do it. But when the pardon is special, to avail the criminal it must judicially appear that it has been accepted, and for this reason it must be specially pleaded. 7 Pet. R. 150, 162. 9.-Sec. 5. The effect of a pardon is to protect from punishment the criminal for the offence pardoned, but for no other. 1 Porter, 475. It seems that the pardon of an assault and battery, which afterwards becomes murder by the death of the person beaten, would not operate as a pardon of the murder. 12 Pick. 496. In general, the effect of a full pardon is to restore the convict to all his rights. But to this there are some exceptions: 1st. When the criminal has been guilty of perjury, a pardon will not qualify him to be a witness at any time afterwards. 2d. When one was convicted of an offence by which he became civilly dead, a pardon did not affect or annul the second marriage of his wife, nor the sale of his property by persons appointed to administer on his estate, nor divest his heirs of the interest acquired in his estate in consequence of his civil death. 10 Johns. R. 232, 483. 10.-Sec. 6. All contracts, made for the buying or procuring a pardon for a convict, are void. And such contracts will be declared null by a court of equity, on the ground that they are opposed to public policy. 4 Bouv. Inst. n. 3857. Vide, generally, Bac. Ab. h.t.; Com. Dig. h.t.; Nels. Ab. h.t.; Vin. Ab. h.t.; 13 Petersd. Ab. h.t.; Dane's Ab. h.t.; 3 lust. 233 to 240; Hawk. b. 2, c. 37; 1 Chit. Cr. L. 762 to 778; 2 Russ. on Cr. 595 Arch. Cr. Pl. 92; Stark. Cr. Pl. 368, 380. pardon
Synonyms for pardonverb forgiveSynonymsAntonyms- condemn
- censure
- rebuke
- castigate
- admonish
- chastise
- chasten
verb acquitSynonyms- acquit
- free
- release
- liberate
- reprieve
- remit
- amnesty
- let off
- exonerate
- absolve
- exculpate
Antonyms- fine
- discipline
- punish
- penalize
- excoriate
noun forgivenessSynonyms- forgiveness
- mercy
- indulgence
- absolution
- grace
Antonymsnoun acquittalSynonyms- acquittal
- release
- discharge
- amnesty
- reprieve
- remission
- exoneration
Antonyms- penalty
- punishment
- redress
- retribution
Synonyms for pardonverb to grant forgiveness to or forSynonyms- condone
- excuse
- forgive
- remit
noun the act or an instance of forgivingSynonyms- absolution
- amnesty
- condonation
- excuse
- forgiveness
- remission
Synonyms for pardonnoun the act of excusing a mistake or offenseSynonymsRelated Words- benignity
- kindness
- condonation
- exculpation
noun a warrant granting release from punishment for an offenseSynonymsRelated Wordsnoun the formal act of liberating someoneSynonymsRelated Words- mercy
- clemency
- mercifulness
- law
- jurisprudence
verb accept an excuse forSynonymsRelated Wordsverb grant a pardon toRelated Words- law
- jurisprudence
- forgive
- amnesty
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