| 释义 |
sublimation
sub·li·mate S0843500 (sŭb′lə-māt′)v. sub·li·mat·ed, sub·li·mat·ing, sub·li·mates v.intr. Chemistry To be transformed directly from the solid to the gaseous state or from the gaseous to the solid state without becoming a liquid.v.tr.1. Chemistry To cause (a solid or gas) to sublimate.2. a. To modify the natural expression of (a primitive, instinctual impulse) in a socially acceptable manner.b. To divert the energy associated with (an unacceptable impulse or drive) into an acceptable activity.n. Chemistry A product of sublimation.
[Latin sublīmāre, sublīmāt-, to elevate, from sublīmis, uplifted.]
sub′li·ma′tion (-mā′shən) n.sublimation (ˌsʌblɪˈmeɪʃən) n1. (Psychoanalysis) (in Freudian psychology) the diversion of psychic energy derived from sexual impulses into nonsexual activity, esp of a creative nature2. the process or an instance of sublimating3. something sublimated4. (Chemistry) chem the process or instance or sublimingsub·li·ma·tion (sŭb′lə-mā′shən) The process of changing from a solid to a gas, or from a gas to a solid, without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.Did You Know? We've all seen a solid heated to a liquid and a liquid heated to a gas. Ice, for instance, melts to become liquid water, and liquid water can be boiled away as steam. However, under the right conditions of pressure and temperature something else can happen: the solid can turn directly into a gas. This strange process is called sublimation. The word also refers to the reverse situation, when a gas solidifies without becoming liquid first. The most familiar example of a solid turning into a gas is probably that of dry ice. Solid carbon dioxide, dry ice, seems to give off smoke at room temperature. This "smoke" is actually the solid carbon dioxide turning directly into a gas. Dry ice is useful for packing certain materials that need to stay cold, since it doesn't melt and get everything wet. A common example of a gas turning directly into a solid is the formation of frost from the extremely rapid cooling of water vapor.sublimation1. Freud first described this unconscious process whereby an instinctive urge is transformed so that it is more socially acceptable.2. The reversible process by which a substance in a solid state changes directly to a gas.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | sublimation - (chemistry) a change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquidchemical science, chemistry - the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactionstransformation, transmutation, shift - a qualitative change | | 2. | sublimation - (psychology) modifying the natural expression of an impulse or instinct (especially a sexual one) to one that is socially acceptablepsychological science, psychology - the science of mental lifealteration, change, modification - an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another; "the change was intended to increase sales"; "this storm is certainly a change for the worse"; "the neighborhood had undergone few modifications since his last visit years ago" |
Translationssublimation
sublimation (sŭblĭmā`shən), change of a solid substance directly to a vapor without first passing through the liquid state. The term is also used to describe the reverse process of the gas changing directly to the solid again upon cooling. An example of sublimation is seen when iodine, on being heated, changes from a dark solid to a purplish vapor that condenses directly to a crystalline solid upon striking a cool surface. In this way pure crystals of iodine are prepared. Some other substances, e.g., mercuric chloride, can be prepared by sublimation. Solid carbon dioxide, commonly known as dry ice, sublimes at −78.5°C; (−109.3°F;). Sublimation also occurs when air saturated with water vapor is suddenly cooled below the freezing point of water. Frost and snowflakes are thus formed by water changing directly from the gaseous to the solid state.
sublimation, in psychology: see defense mechanismdefense mechanism,
in psychoanalysis, any of a variety of unconscious personality reactions which the ego uses to protect the conscious mind from threatening feelings and perceptions.
..... Click the link for more information. ; psychoanalysispsychoanalysis,
name given by Sigmund Freud to a system of interpretation and therapeutic treatment of psychological disorders. Psychoanalysis began after Freud studied (1885–86) with the French neurologist J. M.
..... Click the link for more information. .sublimation see DEFENCE MECHANISMS.Sublimation the transition of a substance from the crystalline state directly into the gaseous state without melting; it occurs with the absorption of heat (first-order phase transition). Sublimation is a type of vaporization and is possible over the entire range of temperatures and pressures at which the solid and gaseous phases coexist. The energy required for sublimation is called the heat of sublimation, or latent heat of sublimation. The relationship between the heat of sublimation, the saturation vapor pressure above the solid, and the temperature under equilibrium conditions is given by the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Sublimation of metal crystals leads to the formation of mon-atomic vapors. Ionic crystals, upon evaporation, often form polar molecules in the gaseous phase. Molecular crystals form vapors consisting of molecules. The main kinetic characteristic of sublimation is the rate of sublimation, which is the mass of a substance that sublimes per unit time. The dependence of the limiting rate of sublimation of substances on the temperature and the properties of the gaseous phase is the basis for selection of materials for heat-shielding of spacecraft. Sublimation with the subsequent growth of pure crystals in a gaseous medium is widely used for the purification of solids.
Sublimation in psychology, the psychological process by which the energy of affective drives is transformed and transferred to goals of social action and cultural creativity. The concept of sublimation was introduced by S. Freud in 1900. In Freudian psychoanalysis, sublimation is viewed as one form of transformation of a drive—such as the libido—and as the opposite of repression. In social psychology, sublimation is associated with the processes of socialization. The problems of sublimation are a subject of special study in such areas as child psychology, sports psychology, and the psychology of creativity. sublimation[‚səb·lə′mā·shən] (psychology) A defense mechanism whereby the energies of undesirable instinctual cravings and impulses are converted into socially acceptable activities. (thermodynamics) The process by which solids are transformed directly to the vapor state or vice versa without passing through the liquid phase. sublimation
sublimation [sub″lĭ-ma´shun] the conversion of a solid directly into the gaseous state.an unconscious defense mechanism in which an individual diverts socially unacceptable instinctive drives into personally approved and socially acceptable channels. Mental conflicts may be resolved by this means although the person achieves only partial satisfaction of his impulses.sub·li·ma·tion (sŭb'li-mā'shŭn), 1. The process of converting a solid directly into a gas; analogous to distillation. 2. In psychoanalysis, an unconscious defense mechanism in which unacceptable instinctual drives and wishes are modified into more personally and socially acceptable channels. sublimation Psychiatry An ego defense mechanism, operating unconsciously, by which instinctual drives, consciously unacceptable, are diverted into personally and socially acceptable channelssub·li·ma·tion (sŭb'li-mā'shŭn) 1. The process of converting a solid into a gas without passing it through a liquid state; analogous to distillation. 2. psychoanalysis An unconscious defense mechanism in which unacceptable instinctual drives and wishes are modified into more personally and socially acceptable channels. sublimation Deflection of socially unacceptable drives into acceptable channels so that the necessity for repression is avoided. Sublimation is a psychoanalytic concept and is considered to be a healthy feature of a mature personality.sub·li·ma·tion (sŭb'li-mā'shŭn) Process of converting a solid directly into a gas; analogous to distillation. sublimation
Words related to sublimationnoun (chemistry) a change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquidRelated Words- chemical science
- chemistry
- transformation
- transmutation
- shift
noun (psychology) modifying the natural expression of an impulse or instinct (especially a sexual one) to one that is socially acceptableRelated Words- psychological science
- psychology
- alteration
- change
- modification
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