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单词 potentiometer
释义

potentiometer


po·ten·ti·om·e·ter

P0480900 (pə-tĕn′shē-ŏm′ĭ-tər)n.1. A three-terminal resistor with a manually adjustable center connection that adjusts the resistance between the end terminals and the center, whose uses include controlling the volume of an amplifier. Also called pot3.2. An instrument for measuring an unknown voltage by comparison to a standard voltage.
[potenti(al) + -meter.]
po·ten′ti·o·met′ric (-ə-mĕt′rĭk) adj.

potentiometer

(pəˌtɛnʃɪˈɒmɪtə) n1. (General Physics) an instrument for determining a potential difference or electromotive force by measuring the fraction of it that balances a standard electromotive force2. (Electronics) a device with three terminals, two of which are connected to a resistance wire and the third to a brush moving along the wire, so that a variable potential can be tapped off: used in electronic circuits, esp as a volume control Sometimes shortened to: pot poˌtentiˈometry n

po•ten•ti•om•e•ter

(pəˌtɛn ʃiˈɒm ɪ tər)

n. 1. a device for measuring electromotive force or potential difference by comparison with a known voltage. 2. voltage divider. [1880–85]

po·ten·ti·om·e·ter

(pə-tĕn′shē-ŏm′ĭ-tər)1. An adjustable resistor used to control the magnitude of the voltage that is applied to an electric circuit. Potentiometers are used in the volume controls of radios and televisions.2. An instrument for measuring an unknown voltage by comparison with a known voltage, such as that of a generator.
Thesaurus
Noun1.potentiometer - a measuring instrument for measuring direct current electromotive forcespotentiometer - a measuring instrument for measuring direct current electromotive forcesmeasuring device, measuring instrument, measuring system - instrument that shows the extent or amount or quantity or degree of something
2.potentiometer - a resistor with three terminals, the third being an adjustable center terminal; used to adjust voltages in radios and TV setspotpotential divider, voltage divider - resistors connected in series across a voltage source; used to obtain a desired fraction of the voltage
Translations
ποτενσιόμετροροοστάτηςpotentiomètrepotenziometro

potentiometer


potentiometer.

1 Manually adjustable, variable, electrical resistor. It has a resistance element that is attached to the circuit by three contacts, or terminals. The ends of the resistance element are attached to two input voltage conductors of the circuit, and the third contact, attached to the output of the circuit, is usually a movable terminal that slides across the resistance element, effectively dividing it into two resistors. Since the position of the movable terminal determines what percentage of the input voltage will actually be applied to the circuit, the potentiometer can be used to vary the magnitude of the voltage; for this reason it is sometimes called a voltage divider. Typical uses of potentiometers are in radio volume controls and television brightness controls. 2 Device used to make a precise determination of the electromotive forceelectromotive force,
abbr. emf, difference in electric potential, or voltage, between the terminals of a source of electricity, e.g., a battery from which no current is being drawn. When current is drawn, the potential difference drops below the emf value.
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, or maximum output voltage, of a cell or generator by comparing it with a known voltage.

Potentiometer

An instrument that precisely measures an electromotive force (emf) or a voltage by opposing to it a known potential drop established by passing a definite current through a resistor of known characteristics. (A three-terminal resistive voltage divider is sometimes also called a potentiometer.) There are two ways of accomplishing this balance: (1) the current I may be held at a fixed value and the resistance R across which the IR drop is opposed to the unknown may be varied; (2) current may be varied across a fixed resistance to achieve the needed IR drop. See Electromotive force (emf), Resistor

The essential features of a general-purpose constant-current instrument are shown in the illustration. The value of the current is first fixed to match an IR drop to the emf of a reference standard cell. With the standard-cell dial set to read the emf of the reference cell, and the galvanometer (balance detector) in position G1, the resistance of the supply branch of the circuit is adjusted until the IR drop in 10 steps of the coarse dial plus the set portion of the standard-cell dial balances the known reference emf, indicated by a null reading of the galvanometer. This adjustment permits the potentiometer to be read directly in volts. Then, with the galvanometer in position G2, the coarse, intermediate, and slide-wire dials are adjusted until the galvanometer again reads null. If the potentiometer current has not changed, the emf of the unknown can be read directly from the dial settings. There is usually a switching arrangement so that the galvanometer can be quickly shifted between positions 1 and 2 to check that the current has not drifted from its set value. See Galvanometer

Circuit diagram of a general-purpose constant-current potentiometer, showing essential featuresCircuit diagram of a general-purpose constant-current potentiometer, showing essential features

Potentiometer techniques may also be used for current measurement, the unknown current being sent through a known resistance and the IR drop opposed by balancing it at the voltage terminals of the potentiometer. Here, of course, internal heating and consequent resistance change of the current-carrying resistor (shunt) may be a critical factor in measurement accuracy; and the shunt design may require attention to dissipation of heat resulting from its I2R power consumption. See Current measurement, Joule's law

Potentiometer techniques have been extended to alternating-voltage measurements, but generally at a reduced accuracy level (usually 0.1% or so). Current is set on an ammeter which must have the same response on ac as on dc, where it may be calibrated with a potentiometer and shunt combination. Balance in opposing an unknown voltage is achieved in one of two ways: (1) a slide-wire and phase-adjustable supply; (2) separate in-phase and quadrature adjustments on slide wires supplied from sources that have a 90° phase difference. Such potentiometers have limited use in magnetic testing. See Electrical measurements, Voltage measurement

Potentiometer

 

(1) An electrical measuring device used in determining the electromotive force (emf) or voltage by means of the compensation method. When used with calibrated standard resistors, a potentiometer can be employed to measure current, power, and other electrical quantites; when used with the appropriate measuring transducer, it can be used to gauge various nonelectrical quantities, such as temperature, pressure, and the composition of gases.

A distinction is made between DC and AC potentiometers. In DC potentiometers, the voltage being measured is compared to the emf of a standard cell. Since at the instant of compensation the current in the circuit of the voltage being measured equals zero, measurements can be made without reductions in this voltage. For this type of potentiometer, accuracy can exceed 0.01 percent. DC potentiometers are categorized as either high-resistance, with a slide-wire resistance ranging from 104 to 105 ohms (Ω) and a current ranging from 10-1 to 10-9 amperes (A), or low-resistance, with a slide-wire resistance below 2 × 103 ohms and a current ranging from 10-1 to 10-3 A. The higher resistance class can measure up to 2 volts (V) and is used in testing highly accurate apparatus. The low-resistance class is used in measuring voltage up to 100 mV. To measure higher voltages, up to 600 V, and to test voltmeters, voltage dividers are connected to potentiometers. Here the voltage drop across one of the resistances of the voltage divider is compensated; this constitutes a known fraction of the total voltage being measured.

In AC potentiometers, the unknown voltage is compared with the voltage drop produced by a current of the same frequency across a known resistance. The voltage being measured is then adjusted both for amplitude and phase. The accuracy of AC potentiometers is of the order of 0.2 percent.

In electronic automatic DC and AC potentiometers, the measurements of voltage are carried out automatically. In this case, the compensation of the unknown voltage is achieved with the aid of a servomechanism that moves the slide along the resistor, or rheostat. The servomechanism is actuated by the imbalance of the two voltages, that is, by the difference between the compensating voltage and the voltage that is being compensated. In electronic automatic potentiometers, the results of measurements are read on dial indicators, traced on recorder charts or received as numerical data. The last method makes it possible to input the data directly into a computer. In addition to measurement, electronic automatic potentiometers are also capable of regulating various parameters of industrial processes. In this case, the slide of the rheostat is set in a position that predetermines, for instance, the temperature of the object to be regulated. The voltage imbalance of the potentiometer drives the servomechanism, which then increases or decreases the electric heating or regulates the fuel supply.

(2) A voltage divider with a uniform variation of resistance, a device that allows some fraction of a given voltage to be applied to an electric circuit. In the simplest case, the device consists of a conductor of high resistance equipped with a sliding contact. Such dividers are used in electrical engineering, radio engineering, and measurement technology. They can also be utilized in analog computers and in automation systems, where, for example, they function as sensors for linear or angular displacements.

REFERENCES

Belevtsev, A. T. Potenlsiometry, 3rd ed. Moscow, 1969.
Karandeev, K. B. Spetsial’nye metody elektricheskikh izmerenii, Moscow-Leningrad, 1963.
Shkurin, G. P. Spravochnik po elektro-i elektronno-izmeritel’nym priboram. Moscow, 1972.
Spravochnik po elektroizmeritel’nym priboram. Leningrad, 1973.
Kasatkin, A. S. Elektrotekhnika, 3rd ed. Moscow, 1973.

I. IU. SHEBALIN

potentiometer

[pə‚ten·chē′äm·əd·ər] (electricity) A resistor having a continuously adjusted sliding contact that is generally mounted on a rotating shaft; used chiefly as a voltage divider. Also known as pot (slang). (engineering) A device for the measurement of an electromotive force by comparison with a known potential difference.

Potentiometer

An instrument that precisely measures an electromotive force (emf) or a voltage by opposing to it a known potential drop established by passing a definite current through a resistor of known characteristics. (A three-terminal resistive voltage divider is sometimes also called a potentiometer.) There are two ways of accomplishing this balance: (1) the current I may be held at a fixed value and the resistance R across which the IR drop is opposed to the unknown may be varied; (2) current may be varied across a fixed resistance to achieve the needed IR drop. See Electromotive force (emf)

The essential features of a general-purpose constant-current instrument are shown in the illustration. The value of the current is first fixed to match an IR drop to the emf of a reference standard cell. With the standard-cell dial set to read the emf of the reference cell, and the galvanometer (balance detector) in position G1, the resistance of the supply branch of the circuit is adjusted until the IR drop in 10 steps of the coarse dial plus the set portion of the standard-cell dial balances the known reference emf, indicated by a null reading of the galvanometer. This adjustment permits the potentiometer to be read directly in volts. Then, with the galvanometer in position G2, the coarse, intermediate, and slide-wire dials are adjusted until the galvanometer again reads null. If the potentiometer current has not changed, the emf of the unknown can be read directly from the dial settings. There is usually a switching arrangement so that the galvanometer can be quickly shifted between positions 1 and 2 to check that the current has not drifted from its set value.

Potentiometer techniques may also be used for current measurement, the unknown current being sent through a known resistance and the IR drop opposed by balancing it at the voltage terminals of the potentiometer. Here, of course, internal heating and consequent resistance change of the current-carrying resistor (shunt) may be a critical factor in measurement accuracy; and the shunt design may require attention to dissipation of heat resulting from its I2R power consumption. See Current measurement, Joule's law

Potentiometer techniques have been extended to alternating-voltage measurements, but generally at a reduced accuracy level (usually 0.1% or so). Current is set on an ammeter which must have the same response on ac as on dc, where it may be calibrated with a potentiometer and shunt combination. Balance in opposing an unknown voltage is achieved in one of two ways: (1) a slide-wire and phase-adjustable supply; (2) separate in-phase and quadrature adjustments on slide wires supplied from sources that have a 90° phase difference. Such potentiometers have limited use in magnetic testing. See Alternating current, Voltage measurement

potentiometer


po·ten·ti·om·e·ter

(pō-ten'shē-om'ĕ-tĕr), 1. An instrument used for measuring small differences in electrical potential. 2. An electrical resistor of fixed total resistance between two terminals, but with a third terminal attached to a slider that can make contact at any desired point along the resistance. [L. potentia, power, + G. metron, measure]

potentiometer

(pō-tĕn″shē-ŏm′ĕ-tĕr) A voltmeter.

calibration potentiometer

A mechanically adjusted resistance used as a calibration control on many instruments. It adjusts a voltage or current within the device.
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potentiometer


  • noun

Synonyms for potentiometer

noun a measuring instrument for measuring direct current electromotive forces

Related Words

  • measuring device
  • measuring instrument
  • measuring system

noun a resistor with three terminals, the third being an adjustable center terminal

Synonyms

  • pot

Related Words

  • potential divider
  • voltage divider
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更新时间:2024/12/23 21:31:15