Radiology, Medical Institute of

a scientific research institution of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR that specializes in medical radiology and roentgenology. Located in the city of Obninsk, Kaluga Oblast, the institute has two divisions—an experimental division, which was founded in 1962 (the same year that the institute joined the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR), and a clinical division, which was founded in 1965.

The Medical Institute of Radiology develops methods that utilize radioactive isotopes, nuclear radiation, and X rays in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. In 1974 the institute included a clinic and departments of roentgenology, radioisotope diagnosis, radiotherapy (with the All-Union Center on Lymphogranulomatosis), combined methods of therapy, radiosurgery, radiation pathophysiology, pharmacology, toxicology, dosimetry, cybernetics, and computer science. There are biochemistry, immunology, and neutron activation laboratories. The institute also has accelerators and other sources of radiation. It is the leading institute dealing with the problem of the scientific foundations of roentgenology and radiology. The Medical Institute of Radiology accepts doctoral and candidates’ dissertations for defense.