paclitaxel

[pak″lĭ-tak´sel] an antineoplastic agent that acts by promoting and stabilizing the polymerization of microtubules, isolated from the Pacific yew tree (Taxus brevifolia); used in the treatment of advanced ovarian or breast carcinoma, non–small cell lung carcinoma, and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Administered intravenously.

paclitaxel

Apo-Paclitaxel (CA), Paxene (UK)

Pharmacologic class: Antimicrotubule agent

Therapeutic class: Antineoplastic

Pregnancy risk category D

FDA Box Warning

• Give injection under supervision of physician experienced in use of cancer chemotherapy, in facility with adequate diagnostic and treatment resources.

• Anaphylaxis and severe hypersensitivity reactions may occur despite premedication. All patients should be pretreated with corticosteroids, diphenhydramine, and histamine₂ antagonists. Don't give drug to patients who've had previous severe reactions.

• Don't administer drug to patients with solid tumors whose baseline neutrophil counts are below 1,500 cells/mm³ or to patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma whose baseline neutrophil counts are below 1,000 cells/mm³. To monitor for bone marrow suppression, obtain frequent peripheral blood cell counts on all patients.

• Albumin form of drug may substantially affect drug's functional properties. Don't substitute for or use with other paclitaxel forms.

Action

Stabilizes cellular microtubules to prevent depolymerization. This action inhibits microtubule network (essential for vital interphase and mitotic cellular functions) and induces abnormal microtubule arrays or bundles throughout cell cycle and during mitosis.

Availability

Concentrate for injection: 30 mg/5-ml vial, 100 mg/16.7-ml vial, 300 mg/50-ml vial

Indications and dosages

➣ Advanced ovarian cancer

Adults: As first-line therapy, 175 mg/m² I.V. over 3 hours q 3 weeks, or 135 mg/m² I.V. over 24 hours q 3 weeks, followed by cisplatin. After failure of first-line therapy, 135 mg/m² I.V. or 175 mg/m² I.V. over 3 hours q 3 weeks.

➣ Breast cancer after failure of combination chemotherapy

Adults: As adjuvant treatment for node-positive breast cancer, 175 mg/m² I.V. over 3 hours q 3 weeks for four courses given sequentially with doxorubicin combination chemotherapy. After chemotherapy failure for metastatic disease or relapse within 6 months of adjuvant therapy, 175 mg/m² I.V. over 3 hours q 3 weeks.

➣ Non-small-cell lung cancer

Adults: 135 mg/m² I.V. over 24 hours q 3 weeks, followed by cisplatin

➣ AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma

Adults: 135 mg/m² I.V. over 3 hours q 3 weeks, or 100 mg/m² I.V. over 3 hours q 2 weeks

Dosage adjustment

• Advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection (when used for Kaposi's sarcoma)

Off-label uses

• Advanced head and neck cancer

• Small-cell lung cancer

• Upper GI tract adenocarcinoma

• Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

• Pancreatic cancer

• Polycystic kidney disease

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to drug or castor oil

• Solid tumors when baseline neutrophil count is below 1,500 cells/mm³

• AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma when baseline neutrophil count is below 1,000 cells/mm³

Precautions

Use cautiously in:

• severe hepatic impairment, active infection, decreased bone marrow reserve, chronic debilitating illness

• patients with childbearing potential

• breastfeeding patients (not recommended)

• children (safety not established).

Administration

See Follow facility protocol for handling chemotherapeutic drugs and preparing solutions.

• Dilute in dextrose 5% in water, normal saline solution, or dextrose 5% in lactated Ringer's solution per manufacturer's guidelines.

• Inspect solution for particles. Administer through polyethylene-lined administration set attached to 0.22-micron in-line filter.

• To prevent severe hypersensitivity reaction, premedicate with dexamethasone 20 mg 12 and 6 hours before infusion, as prescribed. Also give diphenhydramine 50 mg I.V., plus either cimetidine 300 mg or ranitidine 50 mg I.V. 30 to 60 minutes before paclitaxel.

See Keep epinephrine available. If severe hypersensitivity reaction occurs, stop infusion immediately and give epinephrine, I.V. fluids, and additional antihistamine and corticosteroid doses, as indicated and prescribed.

Adverse reactions

CNS: peripheral neuropathy

CV: hypotension, hypertension, syncope, abnormal ECG, bradycardia, venous thrombosis

GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis, mucositis

Hematologic: anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, bleeding, thrombocytopenia

Musculoskeletal: joint pain, myalgia

Skin: alopecia, radiation reactions

Other: infection, injection site reaction, hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis

Interactions

Drug-drug. Carbamazepine, phenobarbital: decreased paclitaxel blood level and efficacy

Cisplatin: increased bone marrow depression (when paclitaxel dose follows cisplatin dose)

Cyclosporine, diazepam, doxorubicin, felodipine, ketoconazole, midazolam: inhibited paclitaxel metabolism and greater risk of toxicity

Doxorubicin: increased doxorubicin blood level and toxicity

Live-virus vaccines: decreased antibody response to vaccine, increased risk of adverse reactions

Other antineoplastics: increased risk of bone marrow depression

Drug-diagnostic tests. Liver function tests: abnormal results

Triglycerides: increased levels

Patient monitoring

See Watch closely for hypersensitivity reaction.

• Monitor heart rate and blood pressure.

• Assess infusion site for local effects and extravasation, especially during prolonged infusion.

See Monitor CBC, including platelet count. If neutropenia develops, monitor patient for infection; if thrombocytopenia develops, watch for signs and symptoms of bleeding.

• If patient has preexisting cardiac conduction abnormality, maintain continuous cardiac monitoring.

Patient teaching

• Instruct neutropenic patient to minimize infection risk by avoiding crowds, plants, and fresh fruits and vegetables.

• Tell thrombocytopenic patient to avoid activities that can cause injury. Advise him to use soft toothbrush and electric razor.

See Advise patient to promptly report signs and symptoms of infection, bleeding, or peripheral neuropathy (such as numbness and tingling of feet and hands).

• Tell patient to promptly report pain or burning at injection site.

• Explain that temporary hair loss may occur.

• As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs and tests mentioned above.

pac·li·tax·el

(pak'lĭ-taks'ĕl), Antitumor agent that promotes microtubule assembly by preventing depolymerization; currently used in salvage therapy for metastatic carcinoma of ovary.

paclitaxel

(păk′lĭ-tăk′səl)n. An anticancer drug that was first derived from the bark of the Pacific yew tree and is used in the treatment of ovarian and breast cancer that has not responded to prior therapy.

paclitaxel

Paxene^®, Taxol^™ Oncology An antimitotic anticancer taxane used for KS, breast and ovarian CAs. See Breast CA, Ovarian CA.

pac·li·tax·el

(pak'li-taks'ĕl) Antitumor agent that promotes microtubule assembly by preventing depolymerization; used in salvage therapy for ovarian metastatic carcinoma.

paclitaxel

A TAXANE anticancer drug used mainly to treat ovarian cancer and widespread breast cancer. A brand name is Taxol.

Paclitaxel

A drug derived from the common yew tree (Taxus baccata) that is the mainstay of chemotherapy for ovarian cancer.Mentioned in: Ovarian Cancer

pac·li·tax·el

(pak'li-taks'ĕl) Antitumor agent that promotes microtubule assembly by preventing depolymerization; currently used in salvage therapy for metastatic carcinoma of ovary and other cancers.

单词	paclitaxel
释义	paclitaxel pac·li·tax·el P0007150 (păk′lĭ-tăk′səl)n. An anticancer drug that was first derived from the bark of the Pacific yew tree and is used in the treatment of ovarian and breast cancer that has not responded to prior therapy. [Pac(ific yew) + New Latin (brevifō)li(a), specific epithet of the Pacific yew (Latin brevis, short + Latin fōlium, leaf; see folium) + alteration of Taxol.] paclitaxel (ˌpæklɪˈtæksəl) n (Medicine) a drug derived from the yew tree and used to treat cancer Translations EncyclopediaSeetaxol paclitaxel paclitaxel [pak″lĭ-tak´sel] an antineoplastic agent that acts by promoting and stabilizing the polymerization of microtubules, isolated from the Pacific yew tree (Taxus brevifolia); used in the treatment of advanced ovarian or breast carcinoma, non–small cell lung carcinoma, and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Administered intravenously. paclitaxel Apo-Paclitaxel (CA), Paxene (UK) *Pharmacologic class:* Antimicrotubule agent *Therapeutic class:* Antineoplastic *Pregnancy risk category D* FDA Box Warning • Give injection under supervision of physician experienced in use of cancer chemotherapy, in facility with adequate diagnostic and treatment resources. • Anaphylaxis and severe hypersensitivity reactions may occur despite premedication. All patients should be pretreated with corticosteroids, diphenhydramine, and histamine₂ antagonists. Don't give drug to patients who've had previous severe reactions. • Don't administer drug to patients with solid tumors whose baseline neutrophil counts are below 1,500 cells/mm³ or to patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma whose baseline neutrophil counts are below 1,000 cells/mm³. To monitor for bone marrow suppression, obtain frequent peripheral blood cell counts on all patients. • Albumin form of drug may substantially affect drug's functional properties. Don't substitute for or use with other paclitaxel forms. Action Stabilizes cellular microtubules to prevent depolymerization. This action inhibits microtubule network (essential for vital interphase and mitotic cellular functions) and induces abnormal microtubule arrays or bundles throughout cell cycle and during mitosis. Availability Concentrate for injection: 30 mg/5-ml vial, 100 mg/16.7-ml vial, 300 mg/50-ml vial Indications and dosages ➣ Advanced ovarian cancer Adults: As first-line therapy, 175 mg/m² I.V. over 3 hours q 3 weeks, or 135 mg/m² I.V. over 24 hours q 3 weeks, followed by cisplatin. After failure of first-line therapy, 135 mg/m² I.V. or 175 mg/m² I.V. over 3 hours q 3 weeks. ➣ Breast cancer after failure of combination chemotherapy Adults: As adjuvant treatment for node-positive breast cancer, 175 mg/m² I.V. over 3 hours q 3 weeks for four courses given sequentially with doxorubicin combination chemotherapy. After chemotherapy failure for metastatic disease or relapse within 6 months of adjuvant therapy, 175 mg/m² I.V. over 3 hours q 3 weeks. ➣ Non-small-cell lung cancer Adults: 135 mg/m² I.V. over 24 hours q 3 weeks, followed by cisplatin ➣ AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma Adults: 135 mg/m² I.V. over 3 hours q 3 weeks, or 100 mg/m² I.V. over 3 hours q 2 weeks Dosage adjustment • Advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection (when used for Kaposi's sarcoma) Off-label uses • Advanced head and neck cancer • Small-cell lung cancer • Upper GI tract adenocarcinoma • Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma • Pancreatic cancer • Polycystic kidney disease Contraindications • Hypersensitivity to drug or castor oil • Solid tumors when baseline neutrophil count is below 1,500 cells/mm³ • AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma when baseline neutrophil count is below 1,000 cells/mm³ Precautions Use cautiously in: • severe hepatic impairment, active infection, decreased bone marrow reserve, chronic debilitating illness • patients with childbearing potential • breastfeeding patients (not recommended) • children (safety not established). Administration See Follow facility protocol for handling chemotherapeutic drugs and preparing solutions. • Dilute in dextrose 5% in water, normal saline solution, or dextrose 5% in lactated Ringer's solution per manufacturer's guidelines. • Inspect solution for particles. Administer through polyethylene-lined administration set attached to 0.22-micron in-line filter. • To prevent severe hypersensitivity reaction, premedicate with dexamethasone 20 mg 12 and 6 hours before infusion, as prescribed. Also give diphenhydramine 50 mg I.V., plus either cimetidine 300 mg or ranitidine 50 mg I.V. 30 to 60 minutes before paclitaxel. See Keep epinephrine available. If severe hypersensitivity reaction occurs, stop infusion immediately and give epinephrine, I.V. fluids, and additional antihistamine and corticosteroid doses, as indicated and prescribed. Adverse reactions CNS: peripheral neuropathy CV: hypotension, hypertension, syncope, abnormal ECG, bradycardia, venous thrombosis GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis, mucositis Hematologic: anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, bleeding, thrombocytopenia Musculoskeletal: joint pain, myalgia Skin: alopecia, radiation reactions Other: infection, injection site reaction, hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis Interactions Drug-drug. Carbamazepine, phenobarbital: decreased paclitaxel blood level and efficacy Cisplatin: increased bone marrow depression (when paclitaxel dose follows cisplatin dose) Cyclosporine, diazepam, doxorubicin, felodipine, ketoconazole, midazolam: inhibited paclitaxel metabolism and greater risk of toxicity Doxorubicin: increased doxorubicin blood level and toxicity Live-virus vaccines: decreased antibody response to vaccine, increased risk of adverse reactions Other antineoplastics: increased risk of bone marrow depression Drug-diagnostic tests. Liver function tests: abnormal results Triglycerides: increased levels Patient monitoring See Watch closely for hypersensitivity reaction. • Monitor heart rate and blood pressure. • Assess infusion site for local effects and extravasation, especially during prolonged infusion. See Monitor CBC, including platelet count. If neutropenia develops, monitor patient for infection; if thrombocytopenia develops, watch for signs and symptoms of bleeding. • If patient has preexisting cardiac conduction abnormality, maintain continuous cardiac monitoring. Patient teaching • Instruct neutropenic patient to minimize infection risk by avoiding crowds, plants, and fresh fruits and vegetables. • Tell thrombocytopenic patient to avoid activities that can cause injury. Advise him to use soft toothbrush and electric razor. See Advise patient to promptly report signs and symptoms of infection, bleeding, or peripheral neuropathy (such as numbness and tingling of feet and hands). • Tell patient to promptly report pain or burning at injection site. • Explain that temporary hair loss may occur. • As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs and tests mentioned above. pac·li·tax·el (pak'lĭ-taks'ĕl), Antitumor agent that promotes microtubule assembly by preventing depolymerization; currently used in salvage therapy for metastatic carcinoma of ovary. paclitaxel (păk′lĭ-tăk′səl)n. An anticancer drug that was first derived from the bark of the Pacific yew tree and is used in the treatment of ovarian and breast cancer that has not responded to prior therapy. paclitaxel Paxene^®, Taxol^™ Oncology An antimitotic anticancer taxane used for KS, breast and ovarian CAs. See Breast CA, Ovarian CA. pac·li·tax·el (pak'li-taks'ĕl) Antitumor agent that promotes microtubule assembly by preventing depolymerization; used in salvage therapy for ovarian metastatic carcinoma. paclitaxel A TAXANE anticancer drug used mainly to treat ovarian cancer and widespread breast cancer. A brand name is Taxol. Paclitaxel A drug derived from the common yew tree (Taxus baccata) that is the mainstay of chemotherapy for ovarian cancer.Mentioned in: Ovarian Cancer pac·li·tax·el (pak'li-taks'ĕl) Antitumor agent that promotes microtubule assembly by preventing depolymerization; currently used in salvage therapy for metastatic carcinoma of ovary and other cancers. AcronymsSeePTX
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