Thomas Theodor Heine

Born Feb. 28, 1867, in Leipzig; died Jan. 26, 1948, in Stockholm. German caricaturist, illustrator, poster artist, and decorative artist.

Heine studied at the Academy of Arts in Dusseldorf from 1884 to 1888. He worked in Munich from 1889 to 1933, at which time he left Germany. He subsequently worked in Prague, Brno, Oslo, and Stockholm. Heine was influenced by Japanese prints and by the graphic art of A. Beardsley. In 1896 he founded the satirical journal Simplicissimus, in which he published prints in the art nouveau style, with alternately flowing and interrupted lines and with a complex play of chiaroscuro. The prints mor-dantly mocked reactionary forces, the self-satisfied bourgeoisie, and the obtuse lower middle class. His works include the collection of caricatures Pictures of Family Life (1898) and the cycle of drawings Through Dark Germany (1899–1910).