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单词 adrenaline
释义

adrenaline


a·dren·a·line

A0097600 (ə-drĕn′ə-lĭn)n. See epinephrine.

adrenaline

(əˈdrɛnəlɪn) or

adrenalin

n (Biochemistry) a hormone that is secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress and increases heart rate, pulse rate, and blood pressure, and raises the blood levels of glucose and lipids. It is extracted from animals or synthesized for such medical uses as the treatment of asthma. Chemical name: aminohydroxyphenylpropionic acid; formula: C9H13NO3. US name: epinephrine

ep•i•neph•rine

or ep•i•neph•rin

(ˌɛp əˈnɛf rɪn)

n. 1. a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla upon stimulation by the central nervous system in response to stress, as anger or fear, and acting to increase heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, and carbohydrate metabolism. 2. a commercial preparation of this substance, used chiefly as a heart stimulant and antiasthmatic. Also called adrenaline. [1895–1900; epi- + Greek nephr(ós) kidney + -ine2]

a·dren·a·line

(ə-drĕn′ə-lĭn) See epinephrine.
Thesaurus
Noun1.adrenaline - a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin)adrenaline - a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin); stimulates autonomic nerve actionAdrenalin, epinephrin, epinephrinepressor, vasoconstrictive, vasoconstrictor - any agent that causes a narrowing of an opening of a blood vessel: cold or stress or nicotine or epinephrine or norepinephrine or angiotensin or vasopressin or certain drugs; maintains or increases blood pressureendocrine, hormone, internal secretion - the secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effectneurotransmitter - a neurochemical that transmits nerve impulses across a synapsecatecholamine - any of a group of chemicals including epinephrine and norepinephrine that are produced in the medulla of the adrenal gland
Translations

adrenaline


adrenaline rush

A sudden increase in energy or vivacity resulting from a moment of danger or intense activity. I've never had an adrenaline rush like I had from skydiving; I was buzzing with energy for hours afterward!See also: adrenaline, rush

adrenaline junkie

One who constantly seeks out the sudden increase of energy associated with dangerous activities, similar to the way drug addicts seek out the "high" achieved by drug use. I do about 10 skydives a year because I love the rush so much. People consider me a bit of an adrenaline junkie.See also: adrenaline, junkie

adrenaline


adrenaline

(ədrĕn`əlĭn, –lēn): see epinephrineepinephrine
, hormone important to the body's metabolism, also known as adrenaline. Epinephrine, a catecholamine, together with norepinephrine, is secreted principally by the medulla of the adrenal gland.
..... Click the link for more information. .

Adrenaline

 

(also epinephrine), a hormone of the medullary layer of the adrenal glands which plays an important part in the vital activity of animals and man. Adrenaline is a pyrocatechol derivative, l-methylaminoethanolpyro-catechol, with a molecular weight of 183.2. It is white, crystalline, and optically active. Soluble in hot water, acids, and bases, it is unstable and readily forms various transformation products. Adrenaline was isolated in 1901 and synthesized in 1905. It is formed from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine in the chromaffinic (easily stained) granules of the adrenal glands, from where it is secreted into the bloodstream. The precursor of adrenaline in the organism is noradrenaline, a transmitter (mediator) of nerve impulses in the sympathetic nervous system.

Upon entering the blood, the adrenaline raises the oxygen consumption of organs and tissues and participates in the mobilization of glycogen, the cleavage of which leads to an increase of the sugar level in the blood (hyperglycemia). Adrenaline stimulates protein, carbohydrate, fat, and mineral metabolism; raises arterial blood pressure (primarily by constricting the small peripheral blood vessels); increases heart and respiration rates and the force of cardiac contractions; slows intestinal peristalsis; and so forth. Adrenaline content of the blood rises during emotional stress, increased muscular work, choking, chilling, and lowering of the sugar level in the blood (hypoglycemia). A number of diseases of the internal organs, the nervous system, the endocrine glands, and of other parts of the body are accompanied by an increase or decrease of the adrenaline content in the organism, which can complicate the course of the disease.

Adrenaline for therapeutic purposes is obtained from the adrenal glands of animals and also synthetically. An adrenaline hydrochloride solution is administered subcutaneously during drops in blood pressure and in cases of bronchial asthma and other allergic diseases, in local anesthesia, and for exsanguinating wounds during surgery. Sometimes it is used locally to stop bleeding. Adrenaline is contraindicated in cases of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and severe organic heart diseases.

REFERENCES

Adrenalin i noradrenalin. [Lectures of the conference held Dec. 1–3, 1962.] Moscow, 1964.
Matlina, E. Sh., and V. V. Men’shikov. Klinicheskaia biokhimiia katekholaminov. Moscow, 1967.

G. N. KASSIL’

adrenaline

[ə′dren·əl·ən] (biochemistry) epinephrine

adrenaline


epinephrine

 [ep″ĭ-nef´rin] a hormone produced by the medulla" >adrenal medulla; called also adrenaline (British). Its function is to aid in the regulation of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system" >autonomic nervous system. At times when a person is highly stimulated, as by fear, anger, or some challenging situation, extra amounts of epinephrine are released into the bloodstream, preparing the body for energetic action. Epinephrine is a powerful vasopressor that increases blood pressure and increases the heart rate and cardiac output. It also increases glycogenolysis and the release of glucose from the liver, so that a person has a suddenly increased feeling of muscular strength and aggressiveness.ƒ
Some disorders of the adrenal glands, such as addison's disease, reduce the output of epinephrine below normal. By contrast, excessive activity of those glands, as sometimes seen in highly emotional persons, tends to produce tenseness, palpitation, high blood pressure, perhaps diarrhea, and overaggressiveness. Certain adrenal tumors also result in the production of too much epinephrine. Removal of the tumor relieves symptoms.
Epinephrine is also produced synthetically and can be administered parenterally, topically, or by inhalation. It acts as a vasoconstrictor, antispasmodic, and sympathomimetic, and it is used as an emergency heart stimulant as well as to relieve symptoms in allergic conditions such as urticaria (hives), asthma, and other conditions requiring bronchodilation and as a adjunct to local and regional anesthesia. It is the most effective drug for counteracting the lethal effects of anaphylactic shock. It is also used topically in the eye in the treatment of glaucoma.

ep·i·neph·rine

(ep'i-nef'rin), A catecholamine that is the chief neurohormone of the adrenal medulla of most species; also secreted by certain neurons. The l-isomer is the most potent stimulant (sympathomimetic) of adrenergic α- and β-receptors, resulting in increased heart rate and force of contraction, vasoconstriction or vasodilation, relaxation of bronchiolar and intestinal smooth muscle, glycogenolysis, lipolysis, and other metabolic effects; used in the treatment of bronchial asthma, acute allergic disorders, open-angle glaucoma, cardiac arrest, and heart block, and as a topical and local vasoconstrictor. Generally used salts are epinephrine hydrochloride and epinephrine bitartrate, the latter most frequently used in topical preparations.
See also: emergency theory, fight or flight response. Synonym(s): adrenaline [epi- + G. nephros, kidney, + -ine]

adrenaline

(ə-drĕn′ə-lĭn)n. See epinephrine.

adrenaline

A sympathomimetic catecholamine hormone synthesised in the adrenal medulla and released into the circulation in response to hypoglycemia and sympathetic nervous system—i.e., splanchnic nerve stimulation due to exercise and stress; it acts on α- and β-receptors, resulting in vasoconstriction or vasodilation, decreased peripheral blood flow, increased heart rate, increased force of contractility, increased glycogenolysis and increased lipolysis. Pharmacologic doses of epinephrine are used as bronchodilator for acute asthma, to increase blood pressure and in acute myocardial infarctions, to improve myocardial and cerebral blood flow. Adrenaline is the official British pharmacopoeia name for epinephrine.

adrenaline

British for epinephrine, see there.

ep·i·neph·rine

(ep'i-nef'rin) A catecholamine that is the chief neurohormone of the medulla of the suprarenal gland. The l-isomer is the most potent stimulant (sympathomimetic) of adrenergic α- and β-receptors, resulting in increased heart rate and force of contraction, vasoconstriction or vasodilation, relaxation of bronchiolar and intestinal smooth muscle, glycogenolysis, lipolysis, and other metabolic effects; used in the treatment of bronchial asthma, acute allergic disorders, open-angle glaucoma, and heart block, and as a topical and local vasoconstrictor.
Synonym(s): adrenaline. [epi- + G. nephros, kidney, + -ine]

adrenaline

Epinephrine, a HORMONE secreted by the inner part of the ADRENAL GLANDS. It is produced when unusual efforts are required. It speeds up the heart, increases the rate and ease of breathing, raises the blood pressure, deflects blood from the digestive system to the muscles, mobilizes the fuel glucose and causes a sense of alertness and excitement. It has been described as the hormone of ‘fright, fight and flight’. Adrenaline is available for use as a drug. Also known, especially in USA, as epinephrine.

adrenaline

or

epinephrine

a hormone secreted by the medulla (central part) of the ADRENAL GLAND. It prepares the body for emergency action (FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT REACTION); it increases the cardiac frequency, constricts the vessels supplying the skin and gut, increases the blood pressure, increases blood sugar, dilates the blood vessels of the muscles, heart and brain, widens the pupils, and causes hair erection. It is usually secreted with NORADRENALINE, whose effects are similar. Both hormones are also secreted by the ADRENERGIC nerve endings of the sympathetic nervous system.

adrenaline (epinephrine) 

A hormone of the adrenal medulla which, instilled in the eye, causes a constriction of the conjunctival vessels, dilates the pupil and diminishes the intraocular pressure. See adrenergic receptors; ocular decongestant; naphazoline; neurotransmitter; noradrenaline (norepinephrine).

ep·i·neph·rine

(ep'i-nef'rin) A catecholamine that is the chief neurohormone of the adrenal medulla of most species; also secreted by some neurons; used to treat bronchial asthma, acute allergic disorders, open-angle glaucoma, cardiac arrest, and heart block, and as a topical and local vasoconstrictor.
Synonym(s): adrenaline. [epi- + G. nephros, kidney, + -ine]

adrenaline


  • noun

Synonyms for adrenaline

noun a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin)

Synonyms

  • Adrenalin
  • epinephrin
  • epinephrine

Related Words

  • pressor
  • vasoconstrictive
  • vasoconstrictor
  • endocrine
  • hormone
  • internal secretion
  • neurotransmitter
  • catecholamine
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更新时间：2025/2/27 20:07:13