oxidative burst

the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by certain cells, particularly MACROPHAGES and NEUTROPHILS, following challenge by a PATHOGEN. The ROS are generated irrespective of the type of pathogen, be it bacterial, fungal or viral. ROS generation leads to the killing of pathogens engulfed by PHAGOCYTOSIS. There is rapid activation of LEUKOCYTE NADPH oxidase, which catalyses formation of the superoxide ion (.O₂ -). This then forms H₂ O₂, which can kill engulfed bacteria, unless they are protected by CATALASE.

Neutrophils contain the enzyme myeloperoxidase, which converts H₂ O₂ to hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in the presence of chloride ions. This dissociates to the hypochlorite ion (OCl-), which is a powerful oxidant and antimicrobial agent, that can damage cell membranes, genetic material and cause cell death.

单词	oxidative burst
释义	oxidative burst oxidative burst the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by certain cells, particularly MACROPHAGES and NEUTROPHILS, following challenge by a PATHOGEN. The ROS are generated irrespective of the type of pathogen, be it bacterial, fungal or viral. ROS generation leads to the killing of pathogens engulfed by PHAGOCYTOSIS. There is rapid activation of LEUKOCYTE NADPH oxidase, which catalyses formation of the superoxide ion (.O₂ -). This then forms H₂ O₂, which can kill engulfed bacteria, unless they are protected by CATALASE. Neutrophils contain the enzyme myeloperoxidase, which converts H₂ O₂ to hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in the presence of chloride ions. This dissociates to the hypochlorite ion (OCl-), which is a powerful oxidant and antimicrobial agent, that can damage cell membranes, genetic material and cause cell death.
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