| 释义 |
nitrogen narcosis
nitrogen narcosisn. A condition of confusion or euphoria resulting from increased levels of dissolved nitrogen in the blood, as that occurring in deep-sea divers breathing air under high pressure.ni′trogen narco`sis
n. a stupor or euphoria induced in deep-sea divers when nitrogen from air enters the blood at higher than atmospheric pressure. Also called rapture of the deep. [1935–40] Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | nitrogen narcosis - confused or stuporous state caused by high levels of dissolved nitrogen in the blood; "deep-sea divers can suffer nitrogen narcosis from breathing air under high pressure"narcosis - unconsciousness induced by narcotics or anesthesia |
nitrogen narcosis
nitrogen narcosis[′nī·trə·jən när′kō·səs] (medicine) Narcosis caused by gaseous nitrogen at high pressure in the blood; produced in divers breathing air at depths of 100 feet (30 meters) or more. Also known as rapture of the deep. nitrogen narcosis
Nitrogen Narcosis DefinitionNitrogen narcosis is a condition that occurs in divers breathing compressed air. When divers go below depths of approximately 100 ft, increase in the partial pressure of nitrogen produces an altered mental state similar to alcohol intoxication.DescriptionNitrogen narcosis, commonly referred to as "rapture of the deep," typically becomes noticeable at 100 ft underwater and is incapacitating at 300 ft, causing stupor, blindness, unconsciousness, and even death. Nitrogen narcosis is also called "the martini effect" because divers experience an effect comparable to that from one martini on an empty stomach for every 50 ft of depth beyond the initial 100 ft.Causes and symptomsNitrogen narcosis is caused by gases in the body acting in a manner described by Dalton's Law of partial pressures: the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of gases in the mixture. As the total gas pressure increases with increasing dive depth, the partial pressure of nitrogen increases and more nitrogen becomes dissolved in the blood. This high nitrogen concentration impairs the conduction of nerve impulses and mimics the effects of alcohol or narcotics.Symptoms of nitrogen narcosis include: wooziness; giddiness; euphoria; disorientation; loss of balance; loss of manual dexterity; slowing of reaction time; fixation of ideas; and impairment of complex reasoning. These effects are exacerbated by cold, stress, and a rapid rate of compression.DiagnosisA diagnosis must be made on circumstantial evidence of atypical behavior, taking into consideration the depth of the dive and the rate of compression. Nitrogen narcosis may be differentiated from toxicity of oxygen, carbon monoxide, or carbon dioxide by the absence of such symptoms as headache, seizure, and bluish color of the lips and nail beds.TreatmentThe effects of nitrogen narcosis are totally reversed as the gas pressure decreases. They are typically gone by the time the diver returns to a water depth of 60 ft. Nitrogen narcosis has no hangover or lasting effects requiring further treatment. However, a doctor should be consulted whenever a diver has lost consciousness.PrognosisWhen a diver returns to a safe depth, the effects of nitrogen narcosis disappear completely. Some evidence exists that certain divers may become partially acclimated to the effects of nitrogen narcosis with frequency—the more often they dive, the less the increased nitrogen seems to affect them.PreventionHelium may be used as a substitute for nitrogen to dilute oxygen for deep water diving. It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and chemically inert. However, it is more expensive than nitrogen and drains body heat from a diver. In diving with rapid compression, the helium-oxygen mixture may produce nausea, dizziness, and trembling, but these adverse reactions are less severe than nitrogen narcosis.Nitrogen narcosis can be avoided by limiting the depth of dives. The risk of nitrogen narcosis may also be minimized by following safe diving practices, including proper equipment maintenance, low work effort, proper buoyancy, maintenance of visual cues, and focused thinking. In addition, no alcohol should be consumed within 24 hours of diving.Key termsCompressed air — Air that is held under pressure in a tank to be breathed by underwater divers. A tank of compressed air is part of a diver's scuba (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus) gear.Compression — An increase in pressure from the surrounding water that occurs with increasing diving depth.Partial pressure — The pressure exerted by one of the gases in a mixture of gases. The partial pressure of the gas is proportional to its concentration in the mixture. The total pressure of the gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in it (Dalton's Law) and as the total pressure increases, each partial pressure increases proportionally.ResourcesOrganizationsAmerican College of Hyperbaric Medicine. P.O. Box 25914-130, Houston, Texas 77265. (713) 528-0657. http://www.hyperbaricmedicine.org.Divers Alert Network. The Peter B. Bennett Center, 6 West Colony Place, Durham, NC 27705. (800) 446-2671. http://www.diversalertnetwork.org.Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society. 10531 Metropolitan Ave., Kensington, MD 20895. (301) 942-2980. http://www.uhms.org.narcosis [nahr-ko´sis] a reversible state of central nervous system depression induced by a drug.basal narcosis narcosis with complete unconsciousness, amnesia, and analgesia.carbon dioxide narcosis respiratory acidosis.nitrogen narcosis a state resembling drunkenness, with euphoria and disorientation, seen in divers below about 30 meters (100 feet) who are breathing compressed air, because of the high nitrogen content of air; some of the nitrogen enters the bloodstream and acts as a narcotic.ni·tro·gen nar·co·sis1. narcosis produced by nitrogenous materials such as occurs in certain forms of uremia and hepatic coma; 2. stuporous condition characterized by disorientation and by loss of judgment and skill, attributed to an increased partial pressure of nitrogen in the inspired air of deep-sea divers during underwater operations. Commonly referred to as "rapture of the deep." Synonym(s): rapture of the deepnitrogen narcosisn. A condition of confusion or euphoria resulting from increased levels of dissolved nitrogen in the blood, as that occurring in deep-sea divers breathing air under high pressure.Commonly called Rapture of the Deep. A neurologic response to increased nitrogen gas dissolved in blood, resulting in euphoria, apathy, loss of judgement; Nitrogen narcosis occurs in scuba divers, and is most common at depths below 20 m
Prevention Use helium-oxygen gasnitrogen narcosis Rapture of the deep Sports medicine A neurologic response to ↑ nitrogen gas dissolved in blood, resulting in euphoria, apathy, loss of judgement; NN occurs in scuba divers, and is most common at depths below 20 m Prevention Use helium-oxygen gas. See the Bends, Caisson disease. ni·tro·gen nar·co·sis (nī'trŏ-jĕn nahr-kō'sis) 1. That state produced by nitrogenous materials such as occurs in certain forms of uremia and hepatic coma. 2. The stuporous condition characterized by disorientation and by loss of judgment and skill, attributed to an increased partial pressure of nitrogen in the inspired airof deep-sea divers during underwater operations. Commonly referred to as "rapture of the deep." nitrogen narcosis The toxic effects on the brain of the high concentrations of nitrogen occurring in the blood in divers breathing air at depths of 30 m or more. This effect is different from decompression sickness. There is a sense of detachment from reality, loss of concentration and slowing of mental processes. The condition is relieved by ascending to about 10 m.nitrogen narcosis
Related to nitrogen narcosis: decompression sickness, The BendsWords related to nitrogen narcosisnoun confused or stuporous state caused by high levels of dissolved nitrogen in the bloodRelated Words |