microphthalmos
microphthalmos
[mi″krof-thal´mus]mi·croph·thal·mos
(mī'krof-thal'mos),microphthalmia
A congenital reduction in eye size, with the ocular bulb measuring 1/2 of the normal volume in extreme cases, due to an abnormal development of the optic vesicle in the optic cup.Aetiology
• Congenital—e.g., encephalo-ophthalmic dysplasia, focal dermal hypoplasia, Hallermann-Streiff syndrome, incontinentia pigmenti, Lenz microphthalmia syndrome, retinopathy of prematurity, trisomy 13-15.
• Infectious—e.g., CMV, herpes, rubella, toxoplasmosis.
• Toxins—e.g., foetal alcohol syndrome.
Incidence
14/105; 3–11% of all cases of blindness.