Norvir
enUKNoun | 1. | Norvir - a protease inhibitor (trade name Norvir) used in treating HIV |
单词 | norvir | |||
释义 | NorvirenUK
NorvirenUKritonavirPharmacologic class: Protease inhibitor Therapeutic class: Antiretroviral Pregnancy risk category B FDA Box Warning• Coadministration with certain nonsedating antihistamines, sedative hypnotics, antiarrhythmics, or ergot alkaloids may cause potentially serious or life-threatening adverse events. ActionInhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase by binding directly to reverse transcriptase and blocking RNA-dependent and DNA-dependent polymerase activity AvailabilityCapsules: 100 mg Oral solution: 80 mg/ml Tablets: 100 mg Indications and dosages➣ HIV in combination with other antiretrovirals Adults: Initially, 300 mg P.O. b.i.d.; increase by 100 mg b.i.d. q 2 to 3 days, up to a usual maintenance dosage of 600 mg b.i.d. Children age 1 month and older: 350 to 400 mg/m2 P.O. b.i.d., not to exceed 600 mg b.i.d. Start with 250 mg/m2 P.O. b.i.d.; increase by 50 mg/m2 P.O. b.i.d. q 2 to 3 days, up to a usual maintenance dosage of 400 mg P.O. b.i.d. If patient doesn't tolerate 400 mg/m2 b.i.d. due to adverse reactions, the highest tolerated dose may be used for maintenance therapy, or alternative therapy should be considered. Children ages 2 and older: 400 mg/m2 b.i.d., not to exceed 600 mg b.i.d. Start with 250 mg/m2 to minimize nausea. Dosage adjustment• Concurrent use of other protease inhibitors Off-label uses• Chronic hepatitis B Contraindications• Hypersensitivity to drug or its components • Concurrent use of alfuzosin, amiodarone, cisapride, dihydroergotamine, ergonovine, ergotamine, flecainide, lovastatin, methylergonovine, oral midazolam, pimozide, propafenone, quinidine, sildenavir (Revatio, when used for pulmonary arterial hypotension), simvastatin, triazolam, voriconazole, or St. John's wort PrecautionsUse cautiously in: • hepatic disease, diabetes mellitus, hemophilia types A and B • underlying structural heart disease, preexisting conduction system abnormalities, ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathies • concurrent use with drugs that prolong PR interval (including calcium channel blockers, beta-adrenergic blockers, digoxin, atazanavir) • concurrent use with drugs for erectile dysfunction (such as sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil) • concurrent use with fluticasone, atorvastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin, and St. John's wort (use not recommended) • pregnant or breastfeeding patients. Administration• Give with meals to increase absorption. • Mix oral solution with chocolate milk or liquid nutritional supplement to mask taste. • Know that drug is usually given with other antiretrovirals. See Don't give concurrently with amiodarone, astemizole, bepridil, cisapride, dihydroergotamine, ergonovine, ergotamine, flecainide, methylergonovine, midazolam, pimozide, propafenone, quinidine, terfenadine, or triazolam. Serious interactions may occur. Adverse reactionsCNS: headache, dizziness, depression, insomnia, drowsiness, asthenia, paresthesia, syncope, malaise CV: vasodilation, prolonged PR interval EENT: pharyngitis GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, dyspepsia, flatulence, abdominal pain, anorexia, pancreatitis Musculoskeletal: myalgia Skin: diaphoresis, mild skin eruptions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (rare) Respiratory: bronchospasm Other: abnormal taste, fever, pain, allergic reactions including anaphylaxis (rare), immune reconstitution syndrome InteractionsDrug-drug. Amiodarone, bepridil, cisapride, flecainide, midazolam, pimozide, propafenone, quinidine, triazolam: inhibited metabolism of these drugs, leading to life-threatening reactions (such as arrhythmias, prolonged sedation, and respiratory depression) Amitriptyline, anticoagulants, atovaquone, carbamazepine, clozapine, cyclosporine, desipramine, diltiazem, disopyramide, divalproex, dofetilide, dronabinol, ethinyl estradiol, lamotrigine, phenytoin, sulfamethoxazole, theophylline, zidovudine: increased risk of toxicity of these drugs Amprenavir: increased amprenavir blood level Astemizole, cisapride, encainide: increased risk of arrhythmias Atorvastatin, cerivastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin, terfenadine: increased blood levels of these drugs, increased risk of rhabdomyolysis Barbiturates, nevirapine, phenytoin, rifamycins: decreased ritonavir blood level Bupropion: increased risk of seizures Clarithromycin, efavirenz: increased blood levels of both drugs Dihydroergotamine, ergonovine, ergotamine, methylergonovine: ergot toxicity Fluconazole: increased ritonavir blood level Fluticasone: increased fluticasone exposure resulting in decreased cortisol concentration Drug-diagnostic tests. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholesterol, creatine kinase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, triglycerides, uric acid: increased levels Hematocrit, hemoglobin, neutrophils, red blood cells, white blood cells: decreased levels Drug-herbs. St. John's wort: decreased ritonavir blood level Patient monitoring• Monitor CBC, liver function tests, electrolyte levels, and lipid panel. • Assess neurologic status closely. Stay alert for depression. • Monitor bone mineral density in patients with history of pathologic fractures or who are at risk for osteopenia. See Monitor for signs and symptoms of immune reconstitution syndrome, especially during initial phase of combination antiretroviral treatment when patients whose immune systems respond may develop an inflammatory response to indolent or residual opportunistic infections (such as Mycobacterium avium infection, cytomegalo virus, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, or tuberculosis), which may necessitate further evaluation and treatment. • Monitor vital signs and watch for syncope. • Closely monitor nutritional and hydration status. Patient teaching• Advise patient to take with meals to increase absorption. • Encourage patient or caregiver to mix oral solution with chocolate milk or liquid nutritional supplement to mask taste. Tell caregiver that oral solution is recommended for children older than age 1 month who can't swallow capsules or tablets and, when possible, to administer dose using a calibrated dosing syringe. • Tell patient to swallow tablets whole and not to chew, break, or crush them. • Tell patient drug may cause numbness, tingling, weakness, and other CNS effects that increase his injury risk. Urge him to use appropriate safety precautions. • Instruct patient to report depression. • Advise patient not to take nonprescription drugs or herbal products, particularly St. John's wort, without consulting prescriber. • Tell female patient not to breastfeed because of risk of serious adverse reactions and possible HIV transmission to infant. • As appropriate, review all other significant adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs, tests, and herbs mentioned above. Norvir(nôr′vîr′)ritonavirAn HIV-1 protease inhibitor which carves functional proteins from a large precursor molecule. When administered to HIV-infected individuals, HIV load decreases by 2 orders of magnitude; CD4-T cells increase 3-fold.Mechanism of action Ritonavir is prescribed with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) because it inhibits the host enzyme that metabolises other protease inhibitors. Adverse effects Asthenia, malaise, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain. Norvir®Ritonavir, see there.NorvirA brand name for RITONAVIR.NorvirenUK
Synonyms for Norvir
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