| 单词 | autoimmune disease | |||
| 释义 | autoimmune diseaseautoimmune diseaseautoimmune′ disease`n.
autoimmune diseaseautoimmune disease,any of a number of abnormal conditions caused when the body produces antibodiesantibody,protein produced by the immune system (see immunity) in response to the presence in the body of antigens: foreign proteins or polysaccharides such as bacteria, bacterial toxins, viruses, or other cells or proteins. ..... Click the link for more information. to its own substances. In rheumatoid arthritisarthritis, painful inflammation of a joint or joints of the body, usually producing heat and redness. There are many kinds of arthritis. In its various forms, arthritis disables more people than any other chronic disorder. ..... Click the link for more information. , a group of antibody molecules called collectively RF, or rheumatoid factor, is complexed to the individual's own gamma globulin blood proteins; the circulating complex apparently causes tissue inflammation and muscle and bone deformities. In Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland, antibodies are produced against the thyroid protein thyroglobulin. In some blood disorders, antibodies may be produced against the body's own red and white blood cells. Myasthenia gravis, a disease characterized by weakened muscles, is thought to have an autoimmune origin. In systemic lupus erythematosus it has been shown that individuals have antibodies to certain of their own body substances that for some reason are acting as antigens; these substances include the individual's own nucleic acids and cell organelles such as ribosomes and mitochondria. Lupus can cause dysfunction of many organs, including the heart, kidneys, and joints. Because lupus and certain diseases of probable autoimmune origin, e.g., scleroderma and dermatomyositis, affect collagencollagen , any of a group of proteins found in skin, ligaments, tendons, bone and cartilage, and other connective tissue. Cells called fibroblasts form the various fibers in connective tissue in the body. ..... Click the link for more information. (connective tissue) throughout the body and blood vessels, they are referred to as collagen-vascular diseases. In rheumatic fever, the individual produces antibodies to antigens of streptococcal bacteria; it is believed that the streptococcal antigens are structurally similar to antigens of the heart and that antistreptococcal antibodies, combining with antigenic sites on the heart, damage the muscle and heart valves. Diseases of the immune system are currently treated by a variety of nonspecific immunosuppressive drugsimmunosuppressive drug, any of a variety of substances used to prevent production of antibodies. They are commonly used to prevent rejection by a recipient's body of an organ transplanted from a donor. ..... Click the link for more information. and steroidssteroids, class of lipids having a particular molecular ring structure called the cyclopentanoperhydro-phenanthrene ring system. Steroids differ from one another in the structure of various side chains and additional rings. Steroids are common in both plants and animals. ..... Click the link for more information. . autoimmune disease[¦ȯd·ō·ə′myün di‚zēz]Autoimmune diseaseautoimmune disease[aw″to-ĭ-mun´]1. There may be a leakage of normally inaccessible tissue antigen from its isolated location into an area where it comes into contact with the immunocompetent cells of the reticuloendothelial system. These reticuloendothelial cells do not recognize the formerly inaccessible antigen as “self” and react accordingly. 2. The antigens that are normally accessible to the RES cells may suddenly stimulate the production of autoantibodies. It is thought that this occurs as a result of the emergence of “forbidden clones” (colonies) of cells. Normally these cells are inactivated as a result of adaptive changes that occur during fetal life. For reasons not yet fully explained, these “forbidden clones” survive and emerge to produce an autoimmune reaction. It is believed that they may be activated by injury, disease, or a metabolic change in the body, or there may be a mutation of the forbidden clone cells and immunologically competent cells. 3. Certain body proteins may be so altered by viral infection, by combination with a drug or chemical, or by extensive trauma (as in a severe burn and myocardial infarction) that they are no longer recognized by the body as “self” and are therefore rejected as foreign. Autoimmune disease can be viewed as a spectrum of disorders. At one end are organ-specific diseases, in which there is localized tissue damage resulting from the presence of specific auto-antibodies. An example is Hashimoto's disease of the thyroid, characterized by a specific lesion in the thyroid gland with infiltration by mononuclear cells, destruction of follicular cells, and production of antibodies with absolute specificity for certain thyroid constituents. In the middle of the spectrum are disorders in which the lesion tends to be localized in one organ, but the antibodies are nonorgan specific. An example is cirrhosis" >primary biliary cirrhosis, in which there is inflammatory cell infiltration of the small bile ductule, but the serum antibodies are not specific to liver cells. At the other end of the spectrum are non-organ specific diseases, in which lesions and antibodies are widespread throughout the body and not limited to one target organ. lupus erythematosus" >Systemic lupus erythematosus is an example of this type of autoimmune disease. Others include rheumatic fever, arthritis" >rheumatoid arthritis, anemia" >autoimmune hemolytic anemia, idiopathic purpura" >thrombocytopenic purpura, and postviral encephalomyelitis. Treatment of autoimmune diseases varies with each specific disease, but in all cases the members of the health care team must strive to achieve a delicate balance between adequate suppression of the autoimmune reaction to avoid continued damage to the body tissues, and maintenance of sufficient functioning of the immune mechanism to protect the patient against foreign invaders. au·to·im·mune dis·easeautoimmune diseaseA condition in which the body recognises its own tissues as foreign and directs an immune response against them. Autoimmune disease is linked to production of antibodies against self-antigens, which affects ± 5% of adults (2/3 are women in Western nations).Examples Goodpasture’s disease, Hashimoto’s disease, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, pernicious anaemia. Autoimmune disease, defining features • An antibody is present; • The antibody interacts with a target (self-antigen); • Passive transfer of serum reproduces features of the disease; • Immunisation with the antigen reproduces the disease; • Reduction of the antibody ameliorates the disease. autoimmune diseaseClinical immunology Any condition in which the body recognizes its own tissues as foreign and directs an immune response against them; AD is linked to production of antibodies against self antigens, which affects ± 5% of adults–2⁄3 are ♀ in Western nationsau·to·im·mune dis·ease(aw'tō-i-myūn' di-zēz')autoimmune diseaseOne of a wide range of conditions in which destructive inflammation of various body tissues is caused by antibodies produced because the body has ceased to regard certain cells of the affected part as ‘self’. Autoimmune diseases include ADDISON'S DISEASE, AUTOIMMUNE ENTEROPATHY, primary biliary cirrhosis, Goodpasture's syndrome, HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS, MYASTHENIA GRAVIS, MYXOEDEMA, PEMPHIGOID, RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, SJOGREN'S SYNDROME, SYMPATHETIC OPHTHALMITIS, both forms of LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, THYROTOXICOSIS, ULCERATIVE COLITIS and possibly MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.Autoimmune diseaseau·to·im·mune dis·ease(aw'tō-i-myūn' di-zēz')Patient discussion about Autoimmune diseaseQ. Why does the body attack itself in autoimmune diseases? And if it’s possible - How come it doesn’t happen most of the time? Q. I heard that omega 3 is good for autoimmune diseases- is that true? I have Rheumatoid Arthritis, and I take all sort of anti inflammatory drugs. And I heard I can take omega 3 and I’ll be able to cut down the medication. Q. My boy has diabetes. Recently he was diagnosed with vitiligo. What is it and what can be the reason for this? My boy has diabetes. recently he was diagnosed with vitiligo. Our doctor said that he hopes it not a polyglandular autoimmune syndrome. what is vitiligo and what does this big phrase (polyglandular autoimmune syndrome) mean? autoimmune disease
Synonyms for autoimmune disease
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