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orchestra
or·ches·tra O0108600 (ôr′kĭ-strə, -kĕs′trə)n.1. Music a. A large group of musicians who play together on various instruments, usually including strings, woodwinds, brass instruments, and percussion instruments.b. The instruments played by such a group.2. The area in a theater or concert hall where the musicians sit, immediately in front of and below the stage.3. a. The front section of seats nearest the stage in a theater.b. The entire main floor of a theater.4. A semicircular space in front of the stage used by the chorus in ancient Greek theaters.
[Latin orchēstra, the space in front of the stage in Greek theaters where the chorus performed, from Greek orkhēstrā, from orkheisthai, to dance.]
or·ches′tral (ôr-kĕs′trəl) adj.or·ches′tral·ly adv.orchestra (ˈɔːkɪstrə) n1. (Classical Music) a large group of musicians, esp one whose members play a variety of different instruments. See also symphony orchestra, string orchestra, chamber orchestra2. (Classical Music) a group of musicians, each playing the same type of instrument: a balalaika orchestra. 3. (Theatre) Also called: orchestra pit the space reserved for musicians in a theatre, immediately in front of or under the stage4. (Theatre) chiefly US and Canadian the stalls in a theatre5. (Theatre) (in the ancient Greek theatre) the semicircular space in front of the stage[C17: via Latin from Greek: the space in the theatre reserved for the chorus, from orkheisthai to dance] orchestral adj orˈchestrally advor•ches•tra (ˈɔr kə strə, -kɛs trə)
n., pl. -tras. 1. a group of performers on various musical instruments, including esp. strings, winds, and percussion, who play music together. 2. (in a modern theater) a. the space reserved for the musicians, usu. the front part of the main floor (or′chestra pit`). b. the entire main-floor space for the audience. c. the front section of seats on the main floor; parquet. 3. (in an ancient Greek theater) the circular space in front of the stage, allotted to the chorus. 4. (in a Roman theater) a similar space reserved for persons of distinction. [1590–1600; < Latin orchēstra < Greek orchḗstra the space on which the chorus danced, derivative of orcheîsthai to dance] orchestra- wind band - A band of wind instruments or a collective term for the wind instruments of an orchestra.
- first chair - The premier musician playing a particular instrument in an orchestra—seated closest to the audience, taking the lead for that instrument's movements, and playing any solos.
- first violin - Leads the orchestra and plays notes in a higher range than second violins; parts for the first violin usually have more of the main tune and are technically more difficult to play.
- orchestra - The earliest senses of orchestra were "the semicircular area for the chorus to dance in an ancient Greek theatre" and the art of dancing itself (from Greek orkheisthai, "to dance").
Orchestra a group of performers on various instruments, 1720; the collective sound which is reminiscent of an orchestra playing, as the sound of the sea or the wind.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  orchestra - a musical organization consisting of a group of instrumentalists including string playerssection - a division of an orchestra containing all instruments of the same classmusical group, musical organisation, musical organization - an organization of musicians who perform togetherchamber orchestra - small orchestra; usually plays classical musicstring orchestra - an orchestra playing only stringed instrumentsphilharmonic, symphony orchestra, symphony - a large orchestra; can perform symphonies; "we heard the Vienna symphony" | | 2. | orchestra - seating on the main floor in a theaterseating, seating area, seating room, seats - an area that includes places where several people can sit; "there is seating for 40 students in this classroom"theater, theatre, house - a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented; "the house was full" |
orchestraInstruments in a full orchestra violin, viola, double bass, piano, harp, piccolo, flute, oboe, cor anglais, contra-bassoon, bassoon, clarinet, french horn, trumpet, tuba, trombone, timpani, gong, bass-drum, xylophone, celesta, snare drum, tubular bellsTranslationsorchestra (ˈoːkəstrə) noun a (usually large) group of musicians playing together, led by a conductor. 管弦樂隊 管弦乐队orˈchestral (-ˈkes-) adjective for, or given by, an orchestra. orchestral music; an orchestral concert. 管弦樂隊的 管弦乐队的Orchestra
orchestra1. a large group of musicians, esp one whose members play a variety of different instruments 2. a group of musicians, each playing the same type of instrument 3. the space reserved for musicians in a theatre, immediately in front of or under the stage 4. Chiefly US and Canadian the stalls in a theatre 5. (in the ancient Greek theatre) the semicircular space in front of the stage OrchestraA circular area in a Greek theater, where the chorus sang and danced. Orchestra a large group of musicians who play various instruments and collectively perform works written for them as a group. The distinction between an orchestra and an instrumental ensemble is not entirely clear. However, in an ensemble each part is performed by one musician; in an orchestra at least some parts are performed by two or more of the same instrument playing in unison. The highest form of orchestra is the symphony orchestra, which includes stringed instruments, woodwinds, and brass instruments, as well as a percussion section. The string orchestra and wind band, which are made up of instruments of the same family, are common. Another variety of orchestra is the chamber orchestra, which differs from the symphony orchestra in several ways: for example, there are fewer performers, and in many instances, each part is assigned to a single performer. With the emergence of special designations for performing groups, it has become acceptable to refer to the military band (a brass band, sometimes of expanded and mixed composition) and the variety stage orchestra. There are many types of folk-instrument orchestras. A special phenomenon is the horn band, to which the term “orchestra” is not entirely applicable. The symphony orchestra, which came into being at the turn of the 17th century, has gone through a long period of development. The first orchestras were dominated by stringed instruments, both bowed (the violin family, the viol) and plucked (lutes, harps). The harpsichord or organ was the principal member of the continuo group, which usually consisted of a keyboard instrument, the cello, the double bass, and sometimes the bassoon. The wind instruments were used sporadically. The classical orchestra (also known as the small symphony orchestra) did not take shape until the late 18th century. Usually, it included eight to ten first violins, four to six second violins, two to four violas, three to four cellos, and two double basses. In addition, it included two French horns and the woodwinds—two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, and two bassoons (paired organization). Later, two trumpets were added, as well as kettledrums. The later symphonies of Haydn and Mozart, most of Beethoven’s symphonies, and some of Glinka’s symphonies were written for small symphony orchestras. During the 19th century a greater variety of instruments and more musicians were added to the symphony orchestra. Unlike the small symphony orchestra, the full symphony orchestra, which developed during the 19th century, included two to three trombones and a tuba. Berlioz, Wagner, R. Strauss, and Mahler, as well as Tchaikovsky, N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov, and I. F. Stravinsky, made important contributions to the development of the orchestra. To enrich the orchestra’s range of color, instruments with special timbres were added, including piccolos, alto and bass flutes, the English horn, the oboe d’amore, the heckelphone, the E-flat clarinet, the basset horn, the bass clarinet, the saxophone, the contrabassoon, the harp, the glockenspiel, the piano, and the organ. Various percussion and folk instruments were also added. In Der Ring des Nibelungen, Wagner introduced a quartet of horn tubas (Wagner tubas) and bass trumpets. The performance of many early 20th-century orchestral scores (for example, some of R. Strauss’ operas) called for an orchestra of more than MX) musicians. Mahler’s symphonies demanded an even larger orchestra. His Eighth Symphony, which requires a full symphony orchestra, soloists, and three choirs, has been called the “Symphony of a Thousand.” In the 20th century there has also been a tendency to use smaller orchestral units. But in many cases, the differentiation of parts for the same instruments has made the scores of such works as complex as those written for large groups of performers. In the modern symphony orchestra the performers are arranged so as to achieve a united sound. Since the 1950’s, the “American seating arrangement” has become popular. The first and second violins are seated to the left of the conductor, and the violas and cellos, to the right. The woodwinds, brass instruments, and double basses are at the rear, with the percussion section on the left. REFERENCESCarse, A. Istoriia orkestrovki. Moscow, 1932. (Translated from English.)
Rogal’-Levitskii, Dm. Sovremennyi orkestr, vols. 1–4. Moscow, 1953–56.
Bekker, P. The Orchestra, 2nd ed. New York, 1963.I. A. BARSOVA
Orchestra the principal and oldest part of a theater in ancient Greece; in the fifth century B.C., a circular area, with a diameter of 20 m or greater, that was surrounded by an amphitheater and that was used as a stage by the chorus and actors. There was a small elevated area in the center of the orchestra for a sacrificial altar to the god Dionysus (thymele), which emphasized the sacred basis of theatrical art. In the Roman theater, since there was no chorus, the orchestra was smaller and was semicircular in form. During the Roman Empire, the orchestra was used for various spectacles, such as gladiator games and mock sea battles. orchestra1. In the early Greek theater, the place occupied by the dancers and chorus about the altar of Dionysos; later, the circular space reserved for the dancers and chorus, between the proscenium and auditorium. 2. In the early Roman theater, a semicircular level space between the stage and the first semicircular rows of seats, reserved for senators and other distinguished spectators. 3. In an auditorium, the seating area on the main floor, or a forward section of seats on the main floor.ORCHESTRA
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Words related to orchestranoun a musical organization consisting of a group of instrumentalists including string playersRelated Words- section
- musical group
- musical organisation
- musical organization
- chamber orchestra
- string orchestra
- philharmonic
- symphony orchestra
- symphony
noun seating on the main floor in a theaterRelated Words- seating
- seating area
- seating room
- seats
- theater
- theatre
- house
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