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listeriosis
lis·te·ri·o·sis L0197250 (lĭ-stîr′ē-ō′sĭs)n. Infection with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, characterized in humans by fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, and sometimes headache and convulsions, and in pregnant women often leading to miscarriage or stillbirth. In domestic animals it can cause encephalitis, septicemia, and abortion. The bacterium occurs as a contaminant in raw or improperly processed foods.listeriosis (lɪˌstɪərɪˈəʊsɪs) n (Pathology) a serious form of food poisoning, caused by bacteria of the genus Listeria. Its symptoms can include meningitis and in pregnant women it may cause damage to the fetuslis•te•ri•o•sis (lɪˌstɪər iˈoʊ sɪs) also lis•te•ri•a•sis (ˌlɪs təˈri ə-)
n., pl. -ses (-sēz). an infectious disease of animals and birds, esp. attacking the brainstem in ruminants, caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes and transmissible to humans by contact with contaminated tissue. [1940–45; < New Latin Listeri(a) (after J. Lister; see -ia) + -osis] Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | listeriosis - an infectious disease of animals and humans (especially newborn or immunosuppressed persons) caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes; in sheep and cattle the infection frequently involves the central nervous system and causes various neurological symptomslisteria meningitisinfectious disease - a disease transmitted only by a specific kind of contact |
Translationslisteriosis
listeriosis a serious form of food poisoning, caused by bacteria of the genus Listeria. Its symptoms can include meningitis and in pregnant women it may cause damage to the fetus Listeriosis listerellosis, an acute infectious natural-focus zoonosis-type disease of man and animals caused by the microorganism Listeria monocytogenes. Murine rodents are the natural reservoirs of listeriosis. The causative agent is also discharged by the tick Ixodes persulcatus. Persons are usually infected through animals upon ingesting Listeria-infested milk, meat, or eggs, from the bite of infected arthropods, or through the respiratory tract. The disease is found sporadically in various countries of Europe, Africa, America, and Australia and, occasionally, in the USSR. The disease appears after an incubation period that lasts a minimum of two weeks. The course takes a variety of clinical forms. Diagnosis is established on the basis of bacteriological investigations of the discharges of the tonsils, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and amniotic fluid. In infants, meconium and mucus from the pharynx and nose are examined. Listeriosis is treated with antibiotics, and it is prevented by following veterinary sanitation and interrupting the paths of transmission of the infection. REFERENCETripolitova, A. A., and G. V. Borisova. Listerioz. Tomsk, 1965. (Bibliography.)N. D. MIKERINAThe majority of farm animals and many wild animals are subject to infection with listeriosis. Young and pregnant animals are especially sensitive. Infected animals are the source of the causative agent, releasing Listeria along with nasal discharges, feces, urine, the genital discharges that accompany listeriotic abortions, and milk (with listeriotic mastitides). Sheep are most commonly affected; here the disease is seasonal (winter-spring), a consequence of the activation of the transmissive factor of the causative agent (the migration of infected rodents to fodder stores) and of a decrease in the animals’ resistance (connected with changes in the conditions of keeping and feeding and with pregnancy). One of the factors in transmitting Listeria is silage, in which the organisms find favorable conditions for multiplying and accumulating.
Listeriosis in animals occurs sporadically (less often, epizootically). Confinement is usual, because of the presence of animal carriers, the prolonged viability of Listeria in the environment, and the existence of natural foci. The disease may proceed acutely, subacutely, or, more rarely, chronically. Nervous, septicemic, mixed, erosive, and asymptomatic (carrier) forms are distinguished. The genital system can also be affected (abortions, placental retention, endometritides, and metritides), and there are listeriotic mastitides. Diagnosis is established on the basis of a complex of epizootological data, the clinical picture, and bacteriological investigations. Prevention entails supplying farms with animals from more favorable areas, conducting investigations to discover animals that may be carriers or are affected with the latent form of the disease, controlling rodents, and vaccinating the animals.REFERENCEBakulov, I. A. Listerioz sel’skokhoziaistvennykh zhivotnykh. Moscow, 1967.I. A. BAKULOV listeriosis[li‚stir·ē′ō·səs] (medicine) A bacterial disease of humans and some animals caused by Listeria monocytogenes; occurs primarily as meningitis or granulomatosis infantiseptica in humans, and takes many forms, such as meningoencephalitis, distemperlike disease, or generalized infection, in animals. listeriosis
Listeriosis DefinitionListeriosis is an illness caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes that is acquired by eating contaminated food. The organism can spread to the blood stream and central nervous system. During pregnancy, listeriosis often causes miscarriage or stillbirth.DescriptionListeriosis is caused by an infection with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. This bacteria can be carried by many animals and birds, and it has been found in soil, water, sewage, and animal feed. Five out of every 100 people carry Listeria monocytogenes in their intestines. Listeriosis is considered a "food-borne illness" because most people are probably infected after eating food contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. However, a woman can pass the bacteria to her baby during pregnancy. In addition, there have been a few cases where workers have developed Listeria skin infections by touching infected calves or poultry.In the 1980s, the United States government began taking measures to decrease the occurrence of listeriosis. Processed meats and dairy products are now tested for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) can legally prevent food from being shipped, or order food recalls, if they detect any Listeria bacteria. These inspections, in combination with the public education regarding the proper handling of uncooked foods, appear to be working. In 1989, there were 1,965 cases of listeriosis with 481 deaths. In 1993, the numbers fell to 1,092 cases with 248 deaths.In 1996, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began a nationwide food-borne disease surveillance program called "FoodNet," in which seven states were participating by January 1997. Results from the program indicated that, in 1996, one person out of every 200,000 people got listeriosis. FoodNet also revealed that the hospitalization rate was higher for listeriosis (94%) than for any other food-borne illness. In addition, FoodNet found that the Listeria bacteria reached the blood and cerebrospinal fluid in 89% of cases, a higher percentage than in any other food-borne illness.Persons at particular risk for listeriosis include the elderly, pregnant women, newborns, and those with a weakened immune system (called "immunocompromised"). Risk is increased when a person suffers from diseases such as AIDS, cancer, kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, or by the use of certain medications. Infection is most common in babies younger than one month old and adults over 60 years of age. Pregnant women account for 27% of the cases and immunocompromised persons account for almost 70%. Persons with AIDS are 280 times more likely to get listeriosis than others.Causes and symptomsAs noted, persons become infected with Listeria monocytogenes by eating contaminated food. Listeria has been found on raw vegetables, fish, poultry, raw (unpasteurized) milk, fresh meat, processed meat (such as deli meat, hot dogs, and canned meat), and certain soft cheeses. Listeriosis outbreaks in the United States since the 1980s have been linked to cole slaw, milk, Mexican-style cheese, undercooked hot dogs, undercooked chicken, and delicatessen foods. Unlike most other bacteria, Listeria monocytogenes does not stop growing when food is in the refrigerator - its growth is merely slowed. Fortunately, typical cooking temperatures and the pasteurization process do kill this bacteria.Listeria bacteria can pass through the wall of the intestines, and from there they can get into the blood stream. Once in the blood stream, they can be transported anywhere in the body, but are commonly found the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord); and in pregnant women they are often found in the placenta (the organ which connects the baby's umbilical cord to the uterus). Listeria monocytogenes live inside specific white blood cells called macrophages. Inside macrophages, the bacteria can hide from immune responses and become inaccessible to certain antibiotics. Listeria bacteria are capable of multiplying within macrophages, and then may spread to other macrophages.After consuming food contaminated with this bacteria, symptoms of infection may appear anywhere from 11-70 days later. Most people do not get any noticeable symptoms. Scientists are unsure, but they believe that Listeria monocytogenes can cause upset stomach and intestinal problems just like other foodborne illnesses. Persons with listeriosis may develop flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, nausea and vomiting, tiredness, and diarrhea.Pregnant women experience a mild, flu-like illness with fever, muscle aches, upset stomach, and intestinal problems. They recover, but the infection can cause miscarriage, premature labor, early rupture of the birth sac, and stillbirth. Unfortunately, half of the newborns infected with Listeria will die from the illness.There are two types of listeriosis in the newborn baby: early-onset disease and late-onset disease. Early-onset disease refers to a serious illness that is present at birth and usually causes the baby to be born prematurely. Babies infected during the pregnancy usually have a blood infection (sepsis) and may have a serious, whole body infection called granulomatosis infantisepticum. When a full-term baby becomes infected with Listeria during childbirth, that situation is called late-onset disease. Commonly, symptoms of late-onset listeriosis appear about two weeks after birth. Babies with late-term disease typically have meningitis (inflammation of the brain and spinal tissues); yet they have a better chance of surviving than those with early-onset disease.Immunocompromised adults are at risk for a serious infection of the blood stream and central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). Meningitis occurs in about half of the cases of adult listeriosis. Symptoms of listerial meningitis occur about four days after the flu-like symptoms and include fever, personality change, uncoordinated muscle movement, tremors, muscle contractions, seizures, and slipping in and out of consciousness.Listeria monocytogenes causes endocarditis in about 7.5% of the cases. Endocarditis is an inflammation of heart tissue due to the bacterial infection. Listerial endocarditis causes death in about half of the patients. Other diseases which have been caused by Listeria monocytogenes include brain abscess, eye infection, hepatitis (liver disease), peritonitis (abdominal infection), lung infection, joint infection, arthritis, heart disease, bone infection, and gallbladder infection.DiagnosisListeriosis may be diagnosed and treated by infectious disease specialists and internal medicine specialists. The diagnosis and treatment of this infection should be covered by most insurance providers.The only way to diagnose listeriosis is to isolate Listeria monocytogenes from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or stool. A sample of cerebrospinal fluid is removed from the spinal cord using a needle and syringe. This procedure is commonly called a spinal tap. The amniotic fluid (the fluid which bathes the unborn baby) may be tested in pregnant women with listeriosis. This sample is obtained by inserting a needle through the abdomen into the uterus and withdrawing fluid. Listeria grows well in laboratory media and test results can be available within a few days.TreatmentListeriosis is treated with the antibiotics ampicillin (Omnipen) or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra). Because the bacteria live within macrophage cells, treatment may be difficult and the treatment periods may vary. Usually, pregnant women are treated for two weeks; newborns, two to three weeks; adults with mild disease, two to four weeks; persons with meningitis, three weeks; persons with brain abscesses, six weeks; and persons with endocarditis, four to six weeks.Patients are often hospitalized for treatment and monitoring. Other drugs may be provided to relieve pain and fever and to treat other reactions to the infection.PrognosisThe overall death rate for listeriosis is 26%. This high death rate is due to the serious illness suffered by newborns, the elderly, and immunocompromised persons. Healthy adults and older children have a low death rate. Complications of Listeria infection include: meningitis, sepsis, miscarriage, stillbirth, pneumonia, shock, endocarditis, abscess (localized infection) formation, and eye inflammation.PreventionThe United States government has already done much to prevent listeriosis. Persons at extremely high risk (pregnant women, immunocompromised persons, etc.) must use extra caution. High risk persons should: avoid soft cheeses, such as Mexican cheese, feta, Brie, Camembert, and blue cheese (cottage cheese is safe), thoroughly cook leftovers and ready-to-eat foods (such as hot-dogs), and avoid foods from the deli.For all people, the risk of listeriosis can be reduced by taking these precautions:- Completely cook all meats and eggs.
- Carefully wash raw vegetables before eating.
- Keep raw meat away from raw vegetables and prepared foods. After cutting raw meat, wash the cutting board with detergent before using it for vegetables.
- Avoid drinking unpasteurized milk or foods made from such milk.
- Wash hands thoroughly after handling raw meat.
- Follow the instructions on food labels. Observe food expiration dates and storage conditions.
ResourcesOther"Preventing Foodborne Illness: Listeriosis." Centers for Disease Control. 〈http://www.cdc.gov/ncidad/diseases/foodborn/lister.htm〉.Key termsAbscess — An accumulation of pus caused by localized infection in tissues or organs. Listeria monocytogenes can cause abscesses in many organs including the brain, spleen, and liver.Immunocompromised — To have a poor immune system due to disease or medication. Immunocompromised persons are at risk for developing infections because they can't fight off microorganisms like healthy persons can.Macrophages — White blood cells whose job is to destroy invading microorganisms. Listeria monocytogenes avoids being killed and can multiply within the macrophage.Meningitis — An inflammation of the tissues that surround the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by a bacterial infection.Sepsis — The presence of bacteria in the blood stream, a normally sterile environment.listeriosis [lis-tēr″e-o´sis] infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes. In humans, in utero infections occur transplacentally and result in abortion, stillbirth, and premature birth; infections acquired during birth cause cardiorespiratory distress, diarrhea, vomiting, and meningitis. Infection in adults produces meningitis, endocarditis, and disseminated granulomatous lesions. Infection in cattle and sheep causes encephalitis and abortion. Nervous signs are common in ruminants, and necrosis of the liver in monogastric animals. Because affected animals tend to move in circles, it is also known as circling disease.lis·ter·i·o·sis (lis-tēr'ē-ō'sis), A sporadic disease of animals and humans, particularly those who are immunocompromised or pregnant, caused by the bacterium, Listeria monocytogenes (family, Listeriaceae). The infection in sheep and cattle frequently involves the central nervous system, causing various neurologic signs; in monogastric animals and fowl, the chief manifestations are septicemia and necrosis of the liver. Meningitis, abortion, pneumonia, endocarditis, and focal metastatic disease are associated with listeriosis. Significant foodborne illness. Origin in soil, water, silage, fecal contamination of field vegetables, improperly processed food (inadequate sterilization, punctured tins, inadequate pasteurization); very resistant organism (resists salt, acid, heat and nitrite preservatives. Can replicate at normally safe refrigerator temperatures (slow growth at 24o F.) Synonym(s): listeria meningitis [fr. organism Listeria] listeriosis (lĭ-stîr′ē-ō′sĭs)n. Infection with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, characterized in humans by fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, and sometimes headache and convulsions, and in pregnant women often leading to miscarriage or stillbirth. In domestic animals it can cause encephalitis, septicemia, and abortion. The bacterium occurs as a contaminant in raw or improperly processed foods.listeriosis Infectious disease Infection by Listeria spp, most by L monocytogenes Epidemiology Outbreaks linked to contaminated milk products and cheese Mortality 20-40% Clinical1⁄3 of cases of listeriosis occur in pregnant women, causing transplacental infection with abortion, stillbirth, and premature delivery; infants may present with septicemia, diarrhea, vomiting, cardiorespiratory distress, meningoencephalitis; immunocompromised adults may suffer meningoencephalitis, endocarditis, disseminated granulomatosis, lymphadenitis, peritonitis, cholecystitis Treatment Ampicillin, gentamicin, tobramycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, T-Slis·ter·i·o·sis (lis-tēr'ē-ō'sis) A sporadic disease of animals and humans, particularly those who are immunocompromised or pregnant, caused by a bacterium, Listeria monocytogenes. [fr. organism Listeria]listeriosis An infection with the organism, Listeria monocytogenes , which is found in most meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans and in soft cheeses and various precooked foods. Proper cooking will kill the organism which, however, varies considerably in its ability to cause disease (virulence). Listeriosis is commonest in babies and old people and most cases are mild and pass unremarked. Severe cases feature fever, CONJUNCTIVITIS, inflammation of the salivary glands as in mumps, sometimes skin pustules and, rarely, arthritis, bone inflammation and abscesses in the brain and spinal cord. Listeriosis responds well to PENICILLIN, ERYTHROMYCIN and TETRACYCLINE.listeriosis
Synonyms for listeriosisnoun an infectious disease of animals and humans (especially newborn or immunosuppressed persons) caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenesSynonymsRelated Words |