Mackenzie, William Lyon

Mackenzie, William Lyon,

1795–1861, Canadian journalist and insurgent leader, b. Scotland; grandfather of William Lyon Mackenzie KingKing, William Lyon Mackenzie,
1874–1950, Canadian political leader, b. Kitchener, Ont.; grandson of William Lyon Mackenzie. An expert on labor questions, he served in Wilfrid Laurier's Liberal administration as deputy minister of labor (1900–1908) and minister of
..... Click the link for more information. . Emigrating to Upper Canada in 1820, he published (1824–34), first at Queenston, then at York (later Toronto), his noted Colonial Advocate. In it he vigorously attacked the governing clique called the Family CompactFamily Compact,
name popularly applied to a small, powerful group of men who dominated the government of Upper Canada (Ontario) from the closing years of the 18th cent. to the beginnings of responsible government under the Baldwin–LaFontaine Reform ministry (1848–51).
..... Click the link for more information. , and in 1826 his printing office was partly demolished. Elected (1828) to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada, Mackenzie was five times expelled for "libel" and five times reelected by his constituency. As a leader of the Reform party of Upper Canada he went to London in 1832 to obtain redress of grievances. In 1834 he became the first mayor of Toronto. In 1836 he founded the Constitution as a Reform party organ. Enraged by the policies of Sir Francis Bond HeadHead, Sir Francis Bond,
1793–1875, British administrator in Canada. A soldier (1811–25) and unsuccessful mining adventurer in South America, he had had little experience to prepare him for the post of lieutenant governor of Upper Canada (Ontario), to which he was
..... Click the link for more information. and by the defeat of the Reform party, Mackenzie and a group of insurgents attempted (1837) to seize Toronto, but the rebellion was quickly put down. Mackenzie and others escaped to the United States. He set up a provisional government with fortified headquarters on Navy Island in the Niagara River, but he was later imprisoned for 18 months by the U.S. authorities for violating the neutrality laws (see Caroline AffairCaroline Affair.
In 1837 a group of men led by William Lyon Mackenzie rebelled in Upper Canada (now Ontario), demanding a more democratic government. There was much sympathy for their cause in the United States, and a small steamer, the Caroline, owned by U.S.
..... Click the link for more information. ). After his release Mackenzie worked as a journalist and writer until the proclamation of general amnesty allowed his return (1849) to Canada. There he was a member (1851–58) of the Legislative Assembly of United Canada (Upper and Lower Canada).

Bibliography

See S. Leacock, Mackenzie, Baldwin, LaFontaine, Hincks (1926 ed.); E. C. Guillet, The Lives and Times of the Patriots (1938).

Mackenzie, William Lyon

Born Feb. 13 (according to other data Mar. 12), 1795, in Dundee, Scotland; died Aug. 28, 1861, in Toronto. Canadian political leader and publicist. Leader of the liberation movement in Upper Canada during the period of British colonial domination. Born into a poor Scotch family.

Mackenzie emigrated to Canada in 1820. In 1824 he began to publish the newspaper Colonial Advocate, in which he sharply criticized the colonial regime and defended the interests of the Canadian bourgeoisie and the farmers, the two groups that were in the process of formation as distinct social classes. Soon Mackenzie came to be recognized as the leader of the democratic opposition (“reformists”) in Upper Canada, which opposed the policy of the British colonial authorities in the province and favored the promulgation of bourgeois-democratic reforms (including the introduction of a responsible government, civil liberties, independent courts, and abolition of the privileges of the Anglican Church).

From 1828 to 1836, Mackenzie was a member of the House of Assembly of Upper Canada, and in 1834 he was elected mayor of Toronto. Mackenzie was the organizer and one of the leaders of a Canadian federation (founded in 1834) that united the reformists of Upper Canada. He was one of the first to advocate an alliance with the reformers in Lower Canada. In December 1837, Mackenzie led an anti-British uprising in Upper Canada. Poorly prepared, the uprising was put down by British troops. In January 1838, Mackenzie emigrated to the USA. He returned to Canada in 1850, and from 1851 to 1858 he sat in the Canadian Parliament.

WORKS

The Selected Writings: 1824-1837. Toronto, 1960.

REFERENCES

Tishkov, V. A. “Politicheskie vzgliady i deiatel’nost’ U. L. Makenzi.” In the collection Iz istorii mezhdunarodnykh otnoshenii i osvoboditel’nykh dvizhenii XIX-XX vekov. Moscow, 1970.
Kilbourn, W. The Firebrand. Toronto, 1956.

V. A. TISHKOV

单词	mackenzie, william lyon
释义	DictionarySeeMackenzie Mackenzie, William Lyon Mackenzie, William Lyon, 1795–1861, Canadian journalist and insurgent leader, b. Scotland; grandfather of William Lyon Mackenzie KingKing, William Lyon Mackenzie, 1874–1950, Canadian political leader, b. Kitchener, Ont.; grandson of William Lyon Mackenzie. An expert on labor questions, he served in Wilfrid Laurier's Liberal administration as deputy minister of labor (1900–1908) and minister of ..... Click the link for more information. . Emigrating to Upper Canada in 1820, he published (1824–34), first at Queenston, then at York (later Toronto), his noted Colonial Advocate. In it he vigorously attacked the governing clique called the Family CompactFamily Compact, name popularly applied to a small, powerful group of men who dominated the government of Upper Canada (Ontario) from the closing years of the 18th cent. to the beginnings of responsible government under the Baldwin–LaFontaine Reform ministry (1848–51). ..... Click the link for more information. , and in 1826 his printing office was partly demolished. Elected (1828) to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada, Mackenzie was five times expelled for "libel" and five times reelected by his constituency. As a leader of the Reform party of Upper Canada he went to London in 1832 to obtain redress of grievances. In 1834 he became the first mayor of Toronto. In 1836 he founded the Constitution as a Reform party organ. Enraged by the policies of Sir Francis Bond HeadHead, Sir Francis Bond, 1793–1875, British administrator in Canada. A soldier (1811–25) and unsuccessful mining adventurer in South America, he had had little experience to prepare him for the post of lieutenant governor of Upper Canada (Ontario), to which he was ..... Click the link for more information. and by the defeat of the Reform party, Mackenzie and a group of insurgents attempted (1837) to seize Toronto, but the rebellion was quickly put down. Mackenzie and others escaped to the United States. He set up a provisional government with fortified headquarters on Navy Island in the Niagara River, but he was later imprisoned for 18 months by the U.S. authorities for violating the neutrality laws (see Caroline AffairCaroline Affair. In 1837 a group of men led by William Lyon Mackenzie rebelled in Upper Canada (now Ontario), demanding a more democratic government. There was much sympathy for their cause in the United States, and a small steamer, the Caroline, owned by U.S. ..... Click the link for more information. ). After his release Mackenzie worked as a journalist and writer until the proclamation of general amnesty allowed his return (1849) to Canada. There he was a member (1851–58) of the Legislative Assembly of United Canada (Upper and Lower Canada). Bibliography See S. Leacock, Mackenzie, Baldwin, LaFontaine, Hincks (1926 ed.); E. C. Guillet, The Lives and Times of the Patriots (1938). Mackenzie, William Lyon Born Feb. 13 (according to other data Mar. 12), 1795, in Dundee, Scotland; died Aug. 28, 1861, in Toronto. Canadian political leader and publicist. Leader of the liberation movement in Upper Canada during the period of British colonial domination. Born into a poor Scotch family. Mackenzie emigrated to Canada in 1820. In 1824 he began to publish the newspaper Colonial Advocate, in which he sharply criticized the colonial regime and defended the interests of the Canadian bourgeoisie and the farmers, the two groups that were in the process of formation as distinct social classes. Soon Mackenzie came to be recognized as the leader of the democratic opposition (“reformists”) in Upper Canada, which opposed the policy of the British colonial authorities in the province and favored the promulgation of bourgeois-democratic reforms (including the introduction of a responsible government, civil liberties, independent courts, and abolition of the privileges of the Anglican Church). From 1828 to 1836, Mackenzie was a member of the House of Assembly of Upper Canada, and in 1834 he was elected mayor of Toronto. Mackenzie was the organizer and one of the leaders of a Canadian federation (founded in 1834) that united the reformists of Upper Canada. He was one of the first to advocate an alliance with the reformers in Lower Canada. In December 1837, Mackenzie led an anti-British uprising in Upper Canada. Poorly prepared, the uprising was put down by British troops. In January 1838, Mackenzie emigrated to the USA. He returned to Canada in 1850, and from 1851 to 1858 he sat in the Canadian Parliament. WORKS The Selected Writings: 1824-1837. Toronto, 1960. REFERENCES Tishkov, V. A. “Politicheskie vzgliady i deiatel’nost’ U. L. Makenzi.” In the collection Iz istorii mezhdunarodnykh otnoshenii i osvoboditel’nykh dvizhenii XIX-XX vekov. Moscow, 1970. Kilbourn, W. The Firebrand. Toronto, 1956. V. A. TISHKOV MedicalSeemackenzie, sir compton
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