Machado Guimarães, Bernardino Luís

Born Mar. 25, 1851, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; died Apr. 29, 1944, in Oporto. Portuguese politician and scholar.

In 1876, Machado Guimaraes graduated from the University of Coimbra and then held the chair of philosophy there. In 1893 he was minister of public works. During the late 1890’s he allied himself with the republicans, and in 1902 he was elected chairman of the Republican Party. In 1907 he was forbidden to work in the university because of his participation in a student strike. After the proclamation of a republic in Portugal in 1910, Machado Guimaraes became minister of foreign affairs until 1911. In 1914 and again in 1921 he served as prime minister. He was president of the republic from 1915 to 1917 and from 1925 to 1926 (both times he was removed as a result of military coups). In 1927 he was accused of preparing an uprising and was exiled from Portugal. In 1936 he returned to his native land. He was the author of works on history, anthropology, pedagogy, and economics.