| 释义 |
neurotransmitter
neu·ro·trans·mit·ter N0072940 (no͝or′ō-trăns′mĭt-ər, -trănz′-, nyo͝or′-)n. A chemical substance, such as acetylcholine or dopamine, that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse.neurotransmitter (ˌnjʊərəʊtrænzˈmɪtə) n (Biochemistry) a chemical by which a nerve cell communicates with another nerve cell or with a muscleneu•ro•trans•mit•ter (ˌnʊər oʊˈtræns mɪt ər, -ˈtrænz-, ˌnyʊər-)
n. any of several chemical substances, as epinephrine or acetylcholine, that transmit nerve impulses across a synapse. [1960–65] neu·ro·trans·mit·ter (no͝or′ō-trănz′mĭt-ər) A chemical substance that helps transmit nerve impulses from one nerve cell to another.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | neurotransmitter - a neurochemical that transmits nerve impulses across a synapseAdrenalin, adrenaline, epinephrin, epinephrine - a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin); stimulates autonomic nerve actionGABA, gamma aminobutyric acid - an amino acid that is found in the central nervous system; acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitterneurochemical - any organic substance that occurs in neural activityacetylcholine - a neurotransmitter that is a derivative of choline; released at the ends of nerve fibers in the somatic and parasympathetic nervous systems |
Translationsneurotransmitter
neurotransmitter, chemical that transmits information across the junction (synapsesynapse
, junction between various signal-transmitter cells, either between two neurons or between a neuron and a muscle or gland. A nerve impulse reaches the synapse through the axon, or transmitting end, of a nerve cell, or neuron.
..... Click the link for more information. ) that separates one nerve cell (neuron) from another nerve cell or a muscle. Neurotransmitters are stored in the nerve cell's bulbous end (axon). When an electrical impulse traveling along the nerve reaches the axon, the neurotransmitter is released and travels across the synapse, either prompting or inhibiting continued electrical impulses along the nerve. There are more than 300 known neurotransmitters, including chemicals such as acetylcholineacetylcholine
, a small organic molecule liberated at nerve endings as a neurotransmitter. It is particularly important in the stimulation of muscle tissue. The transmission of an impulse to the end of the nerve causes it to release neurotransmitter molecules onto the surface of
..... Click the link for more information. , norepinephrinenorepinephrine
, a neurotransmitter in the catecholamine family that mediates chemical communication in the sympathetic nervous system, a branch of the autonomic nervous system.
..... Click the link for more information. , adenosine triphosphateadenosine triphosphate
(ATP) , organic compound composed of adenine, the sugar ribose, and three phosphate groups. ATP serves as the major energy source within the cell to drive a number of biological processes such as photosynthesis, muscle contraction, and the synthesis of
..... Click the link for more information. , and the endorphinsendorphins
, neurotransmitters found in the brain that have pain-relieving properties similar to morphine. There are three major types of endorphins: beta endorpins, found primarily in the pituitary gland; and enkephalins and dynorphin, both distributed throughout the nervous
..... Click the link for more information. , and gases, such as nitric oxidenitric oxide
or nitrogen monoxide,
a colorless gas formed by the combustion of nitrogen and oxygen as given by the reaction: energy + N2 + O2 → 2NO; m.p. −163.6°C;; b.p. −151.8°C;.
..... Click the link for more information. . Neurotransmitters transmit information within the brain and from the brain to all the parts of the body. Acetylcholine, for example, sends messages to the skeletal muscles, sweat glands, and heart; serotoninserotonin
, organic compound that was first recognized as a powerful vasoconstrictor occurring in blood serum. It was partially purified, crystallized, and named in 1948, and its structure was deduced a year later.
..... Click the link for more information. release underlies the process of learning and consciousness. The actions of some drugs mimic those of naturally occurring neurotransmitters. The pain-regulating endorphins, for example, are similar in structure to heroin and codeine, which fill endorphin receptors to accomplish their effects. The wakefulness that follows caffeine consumption is the result of its blocking the effects of adenosine, a neurotransmitter that inhibits brain activity. Abnormalities in the production or functioning of certain neurotransmitters have been implicated in a number of diseases including Parkinson's diseaseParkinson's disease
or Parkinsonism,
degenerative brain disorder first described by the English surgeon James Parkinson in 1817. When there is no known cause, the disease usually appears after age 40 and is referred to as Parkinson's disease; a number of genes have
..... Click the link for more information. , amyotrophic lateral sclerosisamyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS) or motor neuron disease,
sometimes called Lou Gehrig's disease, degenerative disease that affects motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, preventing them from sending impulses to the muscles.
..... Click the link for more information. , and clinical depressiondepression,
in psychiatry, a symptom of mood disorder characterized by intense feelings of loss, sadness, hopelessness, failure, and rejection. The two major types of mood disorder are unipolar disorder, also called major depression, and bipolar disorder, whose sufferers are
..... Click the link for more information. . neurotransmitter[‚nu̇r·ō‚tranz′mid·ər] (neuroscience) A chemical agent that is released by a neuron at a synapse, diffuses across the synapse, and acts upon a postsynaptic neuron, a muscle, or a gland cell. Neurotransmitter
neurotransmitter [noor″o-trans´mit-er] a substance (e.g., norepinephrine, acetylcholine, dopamine) that is released from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron on excitation, and that travels across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.neu·ro·trans·mit·ter (nū'rō-trans'mit-ĕr), Any specific chemical agent (including acetylcholine, five amines, four amino acids, two purines, and more than 28 peptides) released by a presynaptic cell, on excitation, that crosses the synapse to stimulate or inhibit the postsynaptic cell. More than one may be released at any given synapse. The neurotransmitters released by presynaptic cells may modulate transmitter release from presynaptic cells. Nitric oxide may be a retrograde neurotransmitter, released from postsynaptic cells, to act on presynaptic cells. [neuro- + L. transmitto, to send across] neurotransmitter (no͝or′ō-trăns′mĭt-ər, -trănz′-, nyo͝or′-)n. A chemical substance, such as acetylcholine or dopamine, that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse.neurotransmitter Neurosynaptic transmitter Physiology Any of a number of small neuroregulating molecules–eg, catecholamines and acetylcholine, which are synthesized in the presynaptic terminals of neurons, stored in vesicles, and cause rapid and transient depolarization near their point of release in the synaptic cleft, where it stimulates production of either excitatory or inhibitory postsynaptic potentials; neurotransmission at synapses or neuromuscular junctions is due to binding of a neurotransmitter to its cognate receptor. See Amino acid neurotransmitter, Neuropeptide, Neuroregulator. Cf Hormone. neu·ro·trans·mit·ter (nūr'ō-trans'mit-ĕr) Any specific chemical agent released by a presynaptic cell, on excitation, which crosses the synapse to stimulate or inhibit the postsynaptic cell. [neuro- + L. transmitto, to send across]neurotransmitter See TRANSMITTER SUBSTANCE.NeurotransmitterA chemical in the brain that transmits messages between neurons, or nerve cells. Changes in the levels of certain neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, are thought to be related to bipolar disorder.Mentioned in: Alpha 1 -Adrenergic Blockers, Antidepressant Drugs, SSRI, Bipolar Disorder, Botulism, Central Nervous System Depressants, Club Drugs, Cocaine, Erectile Dysfunction, Intermittent Explosive Disorder, Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD), Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors, Mood Disorders, Neuroendocrine Tumors, Pain Management, Peripheral Neuropathy, Phototherapy, Premenstrual Syndrome, Tourette Syndrome, Weight Loss DrugsneurotransmitterA substance stored in the synaptic vesicles that is released when the axon terminal is excited by a nervous impulse. The substance then travels across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit another neuron. This is accomplished by either decreasing the negativity of postsynaptic potentials (excitation), or increasing the negativity of postsynaptic potentials (inhibition). Common neurotransmitters include acetylcholine, dopamine, endorphins, adrenaline (epinephrine), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), amino acids, such as glutamate and glycine, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin and substance P. Common neurotransmitters in the retina are glutamate (the primary excitatory neurotransmitter), GABA (inhibitory), glycine (inhibitory), dopamine (excitatory) and acetylcholine (excitatory). See neuron; synapse.neu·ro·trans·mit·ter (nūr'ō-trans'mit-ĕr) Any specific chemical agent released by a presynaptic cell that, on excitation, crosses synapse to stimulate or inhibit the postsynaptic cell. [neuro- + L. transmitto, to send across]neurotransmitter
Related to neurotransmitter: serotonin, dopamineWords related to neurotransmitternoun a neurochemical that transmits nerve impulses across a synapseRelated Words- Adrenalin
- adrenaline
- epinephrin
- epinephrine
- GABA
- gamma aminobutyric acid
- neurochemical
- acetylcholine
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