Macdonald, Jacques Étienne Joseph Alexandre

(zhäk ātyĕn`zhôzĕf` älĕksäN`drə mäkdônäl`), 1765–1840, marshal of France, of Scottish descent. He distinguished himself in the French Revolutionary Wars, particularly in Italy, but was defeated by Russian forces under Aleksandr SuvorovSuvorov, Aleksandr Vasilyevich
, 1729–1800, Russian field marshal. Suvorov entered the army as a youth and rose rapidly through the ranks. He fought in the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–74, helped suppress the peasant rebellion led by Pugachev in 1775, and was created
..... Click the link for more information. at the battle of Trebbia (June, 1799). He aided Napoleon's coup of 18 Brumaire (1799). Temporarily in disgrace for defending Jean Victor MoreauMoreau, Jean Victor
, 1763–1813, French general in the French Revolutionary Wars. Despite his successes on the Rhine and in Germany (1796–97), he was dismissed for withholding compromising information about General Pichegru after the coup of 18 Fructidor (1797); he
..... Click the link for more information. , he returned to favor, was created duke of Taranto, and played an important part in the battle of Wagram (1809), the Peninsular War, and the Russian campaign. In the Hundred Days he was loyal to King Louis XVIII.

Macdonald, Jacques Etienne Joseph Alexandre

Born Nov. 17, 1765, in Sedan, Ardennes Department; died Sept. 25, 1840, in Courcelles-le-Roi, Seine-et-Oise Department. Marshal of France (1809); duke of Taranto (1809). A Scot by nationality. The son of an emigre who was a partisan of the deposed Stuart dynasty.

Macdonald was in the French Army from 1784. He joined the revolutionary army during the Great French Revolution, was promoted to general of brigade in 1793 and general of division in 1796, and won several victories over the interventionists. After occupying Rome in 1798, Macdonald was made military governor of the papal enclave and of Rome. In 1799, while commanding the Neapolitan Army, he was defeated by A. V. Suvorov on the Trebbia River. He was commander of the French troops in Switzerland in 1800 and 1801. He was ambassador to Denmark from 1801 to 1803. In 1804 he was dismissed from military service for his connections with the convicted general J. V. Moreau, but he returned to service in 1809 and distinguished himself at Wagram as the commander of a corps. In 1810-11, Macdonald commanded a corps in Spain; in 1812 he commanded the Prussian-French X Corps, which laid siege to Riga. He also participated in the campaigns of 1813-14. After Napoleon’s abdication in 1814, Macdonald entered the service of Louis XVIII and was made a peer of France (1814). He remained on the side of the Bourbons during the Hundred Days. Macdonald was grand chancellor of the Legion of Honor from 1816 to 1830.

单词	macdonald, jacques étienne joseph alexandre
释义	Macdonald, Jacques Étienne Joseph Alexandre Macdonald, Jacques Étienne Joseph Alexandre (zhäk ātyĕn`zhôzĕf` älĕksäN`drə mäkdônäl`), 1765–1840, marshal of France, of Scottish descent. He distinguished himself in the French Revolutionary Wars, particularly in Italy, but was defeated by Russian forces under Aleksandr SuvorovSuvorov, Aleksandr Vasilyevich , 1729–1800, Russian field marshal. Suvorov entered the army as a youth and rose rapidly through the ranks. He fought in the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–74, helped suppress the peasant rebellion led by Pugachev in 1775, and was created ..... Click the link for more information. at the battle of Trebbia (June, 1799). He aided Napoleon's coup of 18 Brumaire (1799). Temporarily in disgrace for defending Jean Victor MoreauMoreau, Jean Victor , 1763–1813, French general in the French Revolutionary Wars. Despite his successes on the Rhine and in Germany (1796–97), he was dismissed for withholding compromising information about General Pichegru after the coup of 18 Fructidor (1797); he ..... Click the link for more information. , he returned to favor, was created duke of Taranto, and played an important part in the battle of Wagram (1809), the Peninsular War, and the Russian campaign. In the Hundred Days he was loyal to King Louis XVIII. Macdonald, Jacques Etienne Joseph Alexandre Born Nov. 17, 1765, in Sedan, Ardennes Department; died Sept. 25, 1840, in Courcelles-le-Roi, Seine-et-Oise Department. Marshal of France (1809); duke of Taranto (1809). A Scot by nationality. The son of an emigre who was a partisan of the deposed Stuart dynasty. Macdonald was in the French Army from 1784. He joined the revolutionary army during the Great French Revolution, was promoted to general of brigade in 1793 and general of division in 1796, and won several victories over the interventionists. After occupying Rome in 1798, Macdonald was made military governor of the papal enclave and of Rome. In 1799, while commanding the Neapolitan Army, he was defeated by A. V. Suvorov on the Trebbia River. He was commander of the French troops in Switzerland in 1800 and 1801. He was ambassador to Denmark from 1801 to 1803. In 1804 he was dismissed from military service for his connections with the convicted general J. V. Moreau, but he returned to service in 1809 and distinguished himself at Wagram as the commander of a corps. In 1810-11, Macdonald commanded a corps in Spain; in 1812 he commanded the Prussian-French X Corps, which laid siege to Riga. He also participated in the campaigns of 1813-14. After Napoleon’s abdication in 1814, Macdonald entered the service of Louis XVIII and was made a peer of France (1814). He remained on the side of the Bourbons during the Hundred Days. Macdonald was grand chancellor of the Legion of Honor from 1816 to 1830.
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